1. Prepared by Alison Topper

2. Is complicated! Parent needs to know when to back offand let child do for himself Needs to avoid pushing children to dothings they arent ready for Need to let child fail as they learn And skills change 3. Authoritarian: Children should obey their parents Without question Parent tells the child what to do, and the childsduty is to do it When rules are broken, the authoritarian parentacts quickly and firmly 4. Authoritative or Democratic: Parents are still in charge Children have more input into rules and limits Children are given more independence and choice within the less structured rules. 5. Permissive: Children are free to set their own rules. Parents grant a wide range of freedom 6. The styles overlap! A parent is usually not always in one styleall the time. 7. 1. Parent must meet the basic needs of a child Provide food, clothing and shelter Monitor safety and health Teach language skills Provide opportunity for learning through school Teach the children to get along in social groups Provide opportunity for the child to feel love andgive love 8. 2. Provide Nurturing: Give children opportunities for encouragementand enrichment (the extras!) Not necessarily $$ Parent needs to be a teacher Allow children to learn and explore Lack of nurturing leads to deprivation Deprivation is NOT lack of $ Deprivation IS lack of an enriching environment 9. 3. Guiding Children to Learn Appropriate Behavior Consistent environment Effective techniques to encourage appropriatebehavior Setting limits Effective ways of dealing with misbehavior 10. Children used to be viewed as miniatureadults Totally under the control of their parents Examples: 11. Malehead of household had absolutepower over the children He could kill them He could sell them into slavery Unwanted children were simply left outsideto die 12. Children wore a bag of charms Girls married at 13 Boys at 14 13. Asin Ancient Rome,and other ancientcivilizations, unwanted infants were leftoutside to die Children were often nursed by slaves Girls lived at home until their marriage Boys did receive education Children were often given toys at sacredfestivals, such as balls, miniaturechariots, or dolls made from clay and rags. 14. Unwanted infants, especially girls, wereleft to die of exposure Seldom sold into slavery Mothers sang lullabies to theirchildren, fearing that the noise of theircrying would irritate the gods. Children played with miniature weaponsand household implements as they role-played adult activities. 15. Prodigal Son: Children, especially sons, who did not adhere to rules of the family and society were outcast from their family 16. Unwanted or disabled infants were left todie of exposure, but this was not asacceptable as in other societies. Baptism with water originated, originallynot as a Christian ritual Girls learned about housekeeping Boys learned about farming and war Children were sent to live with kin tostrengthen relationships 17. Children were highly valued Raised mostly by mothers Females ran the household Households were typically large and filledwith many relatives Children were taught to read and write Males and females raised together untilabut 7 or 8, then separated 18. Childhood was seen as separate fromadulthood Children remained with their parents, butwere strictly controlled, to the point ofabuse One thirteenth century article of law beginswith: If one beats a child until itbleeds, then it will remember... These methods common among allclasses 19. Puritans believed children were naturallyevil Children were swaddled wrapped tightlyin blankets as infants, restrictingmovement An effort to manage the child Parents responsibility to train, manage thechild Some saw the child as a blank slatetotally under parental control 20. Life was very hard.no conveniences All food, clothing, etc. had to be grown ormade Children did the work of adults Boys married at 16, girls also In the North, more education Not a priority in the South 21. Childhoodended around age 7 Children worked in factories, mines, farms As the Industrial Revolutioncontinued, children left the home to work infactories owned by strangers Children of slaves were considered propertyand could be sold away from their parents.Slave owners generally provided only asmuch education as the slave needed for theirjob. 22. Indian children were taken from their tribesand families to attend schools toAmericanize them In 1700s and up to late 1800s, parentsschooled their own children at home. Boys received more schooling than girls. Tutors, clergy, one room school houseswere some methods 23. Wehave gradually become more childcentered Children are seen as unique individuals. Parents job is to nurture and provideopportunity for development. Fads in Child Rearing are common, Dr.Spock, Dr. Brazleton, and many othershave written on child rearing. 24. http://www.neatorama.com/neatobambino/2010/07/26/parenting-through-history-a-look-at-childrearing-in-five-historic-societies/ http://www.bbmms.org/Eng/2009/10/child-labour-in-the-19th-century/