PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC

ADNAN MURAD BHAYO

Before 1800

OTTO VON GUERICKE

His major scientific achievements were theestablishment of the physics of vacuums,the discovery of an experimental methodfor clearly demonstrating electrostaticrepulsion, and his advocacy of the reality of"action at a distance" and of "absolutespace"

R O B E R T B O Y L E

Founders of modern chemistry, and one of thepioneers of modern experimental scientificmethod.

He is best known for Boyle's law, which describesthe inversely proportional relationship betweenthe absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if thetemperature is kept constant within a closedsystem

He is famous for hisinvention of the firstcommercially used steampowered engine

THOMAS SAVERAY

He came close to finding absolute zero.Absolute zero is the lower limit ofthe thermodynamic temperature scale, astate at which the enthalpy and entropy ofa cooled ideal gas reaches its minimumvalue, taken as 0.

GUILLAURNE AMANTONS

Introduced term Latent Heat (Latent heat isenergy released or absorbed, by a body or athermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process) and specific heat(The specific heat is the amount of heat per unitmass required to raise the temperature by onedegree Celsius)

JOSEPH BLACK

1800-1847

JOHN LESLIE

Sir John Leslie observes that,black surface radiates heatmore effectively than apolished surface, suggestingthe importance of black bodyradiation

ROBERT BROWN

He introduced a word BrownianMotion.

Brownian motion is the randommotion of particles suspended ina fluid (a liquid or a gas) resultingfrom their collision with thequick atoms or molecules in the gasor liquid

JOSEPH LOSSAC

Gay-Lussac first formulatedthe law, Gay-Lussac's Law,stating that “if the mass andvolume of a gas are heldconstant then gas pressureincreases linearly as thetemperature rises”

EMILE CLAPEYRON

Emile Clapeyron popularises Carnot'swork through a graphical and analyticformulation.

He also combined Boyle'sLaw, Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac'sLaw to produce a Combined Gas LawPV/T = k

HENRI VICTOR

Henri Victor Regnaultadded Avogadro's Law tothe Combined Gas Law toproduce the Ideal GasLawPV = nRT

1848-1948

WILLIUM RANKINE

Introduce thermodynamic function,later identified as entropy (a measureof the number of specific ways inwhich a thermodynamic system maybe arranged, commonly understood asa measure of disorder )

RUDOLPH CLAUSIUS

Centra l founders of the sc ience of thermodynamics .

By his restatement of Sadi Carnot'sprinciple known as the Carnot cycle, heput the theory of heat

VAN DER WAAL

Well known due to van der Waal'sequation (this equation is the sum of theattractive or repulsive forcesbetween molecules (or between parts ofthe same molecule) other than those dueto covalent bonds, or the electrostaticinteraction of ions with one another, withneutral molecules, or with chargedmolecules).

HENRY LOUIS:

He is wel l known by hispr inc ip le ca l led as LECHATL IER ’S

PR INC IPLE ( When a system atequilibrium is subjected to changein concentration, temperature, volume,or pressure, then the system re-adjustsitself to (partially) counteract the effectof the applied change and a newequilibrium is established)

WALTER NERNST:

Relates the voltage of electrochemicalcells to their chemical thermodynamics

Nernst equation is an equation thatrelates the reduction potential of a halfcell (or the total voltage, i.e.the electromotive force, of the full cell) atany point in time to the standardelectrode potential, temperature, activity,and reaction quotient of the underlyingreactions and species used.

One of the most eminent scientist afterEinstein.

Stephen Hawking predicts that blackholes will radiate particles with a black-body spectrum which can cause blackhole evaporation

STEPHEN HAWKING