history of transformer

7/23/2019 History of Transformer

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History Of Transformer

1. About TransformersWhat is a Transformer? A: A transformer is is a device that transfers

electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled

conductors—the transformer's coils.How is it used? A: A transformer is used to bring voltage up or down in an

A electrical circuit. A transformer can be used to convert A power to !

power. There are transformers all over every house" they are inside the blac#

plastic case which you plug into the wall to recharge your cell phone or other

devices. These types are often called $wall warts$. They can be very large" as

in national utility systems" or it can be very small embedded inside

electronics. %t is an essential part of all electronics today.

Who invented the transformer? Ott& l(thy" )i#sa !*ri" +(roly

,ipernows#y of the Austro-Hungarian mpire /irst designed and used the

transformer in both e0perimental" and commercial systems. ater on ucien

2aulard" 3ebstian /erranti" and 4illiam 3tanley perfected the design. 3ee thene0t 5uestion for more details.

When was the transformer invented? A: The property of induction was

discovered in the 1678's but it wasn't until 1669 that 4illiam 3tanley" wor#ing

for 4estinghouse built the rst reliable commercial transformer. His wor# was

built upon some rudimentary designs by the 2an; ompany in Hungary <,!

Transformer 16=6>" and ucien 2aulard and ?ohn !i0on 2ibbs in ngland.



@i#ola Tesla did not invent the transformer as some dubious sources have

claimed. The uropeans mentioned above did the rst wor# in the eld.

2eorge 4estinghouse" Albert 3chmid" Oliver 3hallenberger and 3tanley made

the transformer cheap to produce" and easy to adust for nal use.

Where were the rst transformers used? The rst A power system thatused the modern transformer was in 2reat arrington" )assachusetts in

1669. arlier forms of the transformer were used in Austro-Hungary 16=6-

1668s and 166B onward in ngland. ucien 2aulard </renchman> used his A

system for the revolutionary an;o to Turin electrical e0position in 166C

<@orthern %taly>. %n 16D1 mastermind )i#hail !obrovs#y designed and

demonstrated his 7 phase transformers in the lectro-Technical 0position at

/ran#furt" 2ermany.

B. Transformer development timeline1678s - ?oseph Henry and )ichael /araday wor# with electromagnets and

discover the property of induction independently on separate continents.

1679 - Eev. @icholas allan of )aynooth ollege" %reland invents the induction

coil

16=9 - Favel Gabloch#ov uses induction coils in his lighting system

16=6 -1667 - The 2an; ompany <udapest" Hungary> uses induction coils in

their lighting systems with A incandescent systems. This is the rst

appearance and use of the toroidal shaped transformer.

1661 - harles /. rush of the rush lectric ompany in leveland" Ohio

develops his own design of transformer <source: rush Transformers %nc.>

1668-166B - 3ebastian ,iani de /erranti <nglish born with an %talian parent>

designs one of the earliest A power systems with 4illiam Thomson <ord

+elvin>. He creates an early transformer. 2aulard and 2ibbs later design a

similar transformer and loose the patent suit in nglish court to /erranti.

166B - ucien 2aulard and ?ohn !i0on 2ibbs rst built a $secondary

generator$ or in today's terminology a step down transformer which they

designed with open iron core" the invention was not very ecient to produce.

%t had a linear shape which did not wor# eciently. %t was rst used in a

public e0hibition in %taly in 166C where the transformer brought down high

voltage for use to light incandescent and arc lights. ater they designed a

step up transformer. 2aulard </rench> was the engineer and 2ibbs <nglish>

was the businessman behind the initiative. They sold the patents to

4estinghouse. ater they lost rights to the patent when /erranti <also from

ngland> too# them to court.



166C - %n Hungary Ott& l(thy had suggested the use of closed-cores" +(roly

,ipernows#y the use of shunt connections" and )i#sa !*ri had performed the

e0periments. They found the maor Iaw of the 2aulard-2ibbs system were

successful in ma#ing a high voltage circuit wor# using transformers in

parallel. There design was a toroidal shape which made it e0pensive to ma#e.

4ires could not be easily wrapped around it by machine during themanufacturing process.

166C - Jse of ucien 2aulard's transformer system <a series system> in the

rst large e0position of A power in Turin" %taly. This event caught the eye of

4illiam 3tanley" wor#ing for 4estinghouse. 4estinghouse bought rights to

the 2aulard and 2ibbs Transformer design. The BK mile long transmission line

illuminated arc lights" incandescent lights" and powered a railway. 2aulard

won an award from the %talian government of 18"888 francs.

166K - 2eorge 4estinghouse orders a 3iemens alternator <A generator> and

a 2aulard and 2ibbs transformer. 3tanley begin e0perimenting with thissystem.

166K - 4illiam 3tanley ma#es the transformer more practical due to some

design changes: $3tanley's rst patented design was for induction coils with

single cores of soft iron and adustable gaps to regulate the )/ present in

the secondary winding. This design was rst used commercially in the J3A in

1669$. 4illiam 3tanley e0plains to /ran#lin . Fope <advisor to 4estinghouse

and patent lawyer> that is design was salable and a great improvement. Fope

disagrees but 4estinghouse decides to trust 3tanley anyway.

2eorge 4estinghouse and 4illiam 3tanley create a transformer that ispractical to produce <easy to machine and wind in a s5uare shape" ma#ing a

core of shaped plates> and comes in both step up and step down variations.

2eorge 4estinghouse understood that to ma#e A power systems successful

the 2aulard design had to be changed. The toroidal transformer used by the

2an; ompany in Hungary and 2ibbs in ngland were very e0pensive to

produce <there was no easy way to wind wire around an iron ring without

hand labor>.

1669 - 4illiam 3tanley uses his transformers in the electrication of

downtown 2reat arrington" )A.This was the rst demonstration of a full A

power distribution system using step and step down transformers.

ater 1668s - ater on Albert 3chmid improved 3tanley's design" e0tending

the shaped plates to meet a central proection.

166D - Eussian-born engineer )i#hail !olivo-!obrovols#y developed the rst

three-phase transformer in 2ermany at A2. He had developed the rst three

phase generator one year before. !obrovols#y used his transformer in the



rst powerful complete A system <Alternator L Transformer L Transmission

L Transformer L lectric )otors and amps> in 16D1.

1668s - today - Transformers are improved by increasing eciency" reducing

si;e" and increasing capacity.

Types of Transformer

Transformers can be categori;ed in diMerent ways" depending upon theirpurpose" use" construction etc. The types of transformer are as follows"

Step Up Transformer & Step Down Transformer N 2enerally used for

stepping up and down the voltage level of power in transmission and

distribution power networ#.



On a step-up transformer there are more turns on the secondary coil than the

primary coil. The induced voltage across the secondary coil is greater than

the applied voltage across the primary coil or in other words the voltage has

been stepped-upP.

A step down transformer has less turns on the secondary coil that the primarycoil. The induced voltage across the secondary coil is less the applied voltage

across the primary coil or in other words the voltage is stepped-downP.

Three Phase Transformer & Single Phase Transformer N /ormer is

generally used in three phase power system as it is cost eMective than later

but when si;e matters" it is preferable to use ban# of three single phasetransformer as it is easier to transport three single phase unit separately than

one single three phase unit.

Electrical Power Transformer Distri!ution Transformer & "nstrument

Transformer - Transformer is generally used in transmission networ# which

is normally #nown as power transformer" distribution transformer is used in

distribution networ# and this is lower rating transformer and current



transformer Q potential transformer" we use for relay and protection purpose

in electrical power system and in diMerent instruments in industries are called

instrument transformer.

Two Winding Transformer & #uto Transformer N /ormer is generally

used where ratio between high voltage and low voltage is greater than B. %t is

cost eMective to use later where the ratio between high voltage and low

voltage is less than B.

$utdoor Transformer & "ndoor Transformer N Transformers that are

designed for installing at outdoor are outdoor transformers and transformers

designed for installing at indoor are indoor transformers.

history of transformer

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