WORK STUDY

BY

RAJESWARI .C.B

Rajeswari_cb@ymail.com

WORK STUDY OVERVIEW – intro to Work Study - Definition and other functions of WS - Objectives , components , benefits of WS - Work study man, role of work study in industries - Work measurement & its objectives - Techniques in work measurement - Time Study , work simplification , job Design - Relationship between time and motion study

WORK STUDY

INTRODUCTION WITH INCREASING COMPLEXITIES OF THE

TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD, NEED TO SIMPLIFY THE WORK SYSTEM HAS BEEN INCREASING DAY BY DAY.

WORK STUDY IS AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE THAT ADDRESSES THE PROBLEM OF WORK SIMPLIFICATION WITH THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF

PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT, HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY

EVOLUTION OF WORK STUDY• F.W.TAYLOR: FOUNDER OF MODERN METHOD AND TIME STUDY.

• TAYLOR BEGAN HIS TIME STUDY WORK IN 1881.

• HE ESTABLISHED THAT EACH JOB SHOULD HAVE A STANDARD TIME, DETERMINED BY TIME STUDIES.

• IN THE TIMING PROCESS TAYLOR ADVOCATED DIVIDING THE WORK INTO SMALL DIVISIONS OF

• EFFORT KNOWN AS ELEMENTS.

• TIME WAS OBTAINED FOR THESE ELEMENT INDIVIDUALLY AND THEIR COLLECTIVE VALUES WERE

USED TO DETERMINE THE ALLOWED TIME FOR THE TASK.

WORK OF GILBERT

• GILBRETH IS CONSIDERED AS THE FOUNDER OF ‘MODERN MOTION STUDY TECHNIQUE’.

• WHICH IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF BODY MOTIONS

USED IN PERFORMING AN OPERATION FOR THE

PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THE OPERATION BY : ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY MOTIONS

SIMPLIFYING NECESSARY MOTIONS

THEN ESTABLISHING THE MOST FAVORABLE MOTION SEQUENCE FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY

IMPORTANCE:-• ENHANCING THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE FIRM.

• TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY NON-VALUE OPERATIONS.

• ONLY ACCURATE AND SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE ORIENTED TECHNIQUE.

• HAS GOT UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

• IT IS TOOL THAT CAN BE APPLIED EVERYWHERE

• REDUCTION IN TRAINING TIME

• EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES BY INCREASE OUTPUT AND REDUCING CRAO

DEFINITION “WORK STUDY IS DEFINED AS THAT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE CONCERNED WITH THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORK METHODS AND THE EQUIPMENT USED IN PERFORMING A JOB, THE DESIGN OF AN OPTIMUM WORK METHOD AND THE STANDARDIZATION OF PROPOSED WORK METHODS.”

PREREQUISITES FOR CONDUCTING WORK STUDY

STEPS INVOLVED IN WORK STUDY1. SELECT

Job Or Process To Be Studied

2. RECORDAll the details concerning job using various Recording Techniques

3. EXAMINERecorded facts critically by asking questions like who, what, when,

why

4. DEVELOPMost economical method

5. MEASUREThe amount of work involved and set standard time to do that job

6. DEFINENew method and standard time

7. INSTALLThe new method as a standard practice

8. MAINTAINNew method as agreed standards

PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLES OF WORK STUDY

1.MUST COME FROM THE TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT.

2.PEOPLE MADE AWARE OF THE OBJECTIVES AND

THE NEED OF THE EXERCISING SUCH STUDY.

3.METHOD STUDY MUST PRECEDE WORK MEASUREMENT .

OBJECTIVES• TO ANALYZE THE PRESENT METHOD OF DOING A JOB, SYSTEMATICALLY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A NEW AND BETTER METHOD.

• TO MEASURE THE WORK CONTENT OF A JOB BY MEASURING THE TIME REQUIRED TO DO THE JOB FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER AND HENCE TO ESTABLISH STANDARD TIME.

• TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY BY ENSURING THE BEST POSSIBLE USE OF HUMAN, MACHINE AND MATERIAL RESOURCES AND TO ACHIEVE BEST QUALITY PRODUCT/SERVICE AT MINIMUM POSSIBLE COST.

• TO IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.

• TO REDUCE WASTE THROUGH STANDARDIZATION OF WORK ELEMENTS OF A JOB.

• TO IMPROVE LABOR EFFICIENCY.

COMPONENTS / TECHNIQUES OF WORK STUDY

WORK STUDY

METHOD STUDY•Motion Study : Examine the job and finding more efficient method to perform it

WORK MEASUREMENT•Time Study : Determine the time necessary to perform a job and its elements

BENEFITS OF WORK STUDY INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

REDUCED MANUFACTURING COSTS

IMPROVED WORK PLACE LAYOUT

BETTER MANPOWER PLANNING AND CAPACITY PLANNING

FAIR WAGES TO EMPLOYEES

BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS TO EMPLOYEES

IMPROVED WORK FLOW

REDUCED MATERIAL HANDLING COSTS

PROVIDES A STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE TO MEASURE LABOR

EFFICIENCY

BETTER INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND EMPLOYEE MORALE

BASIS FOR SOUND INCENTIVE SCHEME

PROVIDES BETTER JOB SATISFACTION TO EMPLOYEES

WORK STUDY MAN (EXPERT)

QUALITIES THAT HAS TO BE POSSESSED BY A PERSON WHO IS AT POSITION OF DOING WORK STUDY:

• (A) QUALIFICATION:

- KNOWLEDGE OF WORK STUDY TECHNIQUES

- KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

- WELL QUALIFIED AND SUFFICIENTLY TRAINED

- A STRONG BELIEVER IN IMPROVEMENT OF WORK METHODS

(B) – MENTAL ABILITIES

- MENTALLY PREPARED AND INTERESTED

- GOOD OBSERVATION POWER

- ABILITY TO EXPLAIN AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILL

(C) – PERSONAL QUALITIES

- SINCERE , HONEST , CONFIDENCE AND RESPECT TO THOSE HE/SHE WORKING ALONG

- TACTFUL HANDLING ALL SITUATION , STRONG WILL-POWER

- LEADERSHIP CAPABILITIES

ROLE OF WORK STUDY IN INDUSTRIES

Production

• Standard time

• Standard methods

• Best way of doing task

Quality Control

Quality control rely on time standards and process analysis

Sales

Product cost is largely a manufacturing methods and measurement control

Work Study

HUMAN CONSIDERATION IN WORK STUDY

WORK STUDY WILL BE THE POWERFUL MANAGEMENT TOOL TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY ONLY IF GOOD RELATIONSHIP IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE STAFFS/EMPLOYEES/LABORS. THERE SHOULD BE NO THREAT TOO THEIR JOB AND SELF-RESPECT. SO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFICE STAFFS AND HIGHER OFFICIALS ARE IMPORTANT .

WORK STUDY IS PARTICIPATIVE TOOL FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE WORK BEING PERFORMED

WORK MEASUREMENT

DEFINITION :-

• “THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH THE TIME FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIED JOB AT A DEFINED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE”

OBJECTIVES OF WORK MEASUREMENT :-

• 1. COMPARING ALTERNATIVE METHODS

• 2. ASSESSING THE CORRECT INITIAL MANNING (MANPOWER REQUIREMENT PLANNING)

• 3. PLANNING AND CONTROL

• 4. REALISTIC COSTING

• 5. DELIVERY DATE OF PLANNING

• 6. COST REDUCTION AND COST CONTROL

• 7. IDENTIFYING SUBSTANDARD WORKERS

• 8. TRAINING NEW EMPLOYEES.

TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT :-

• 1) REPETITIVE WORK:- THE TYPE OF WORK IN WHICH THE MAIN OPERATION OR GROUP OF OPERATIONS REPEAT CONTINUOUSLY DURING THE TIME SPENT AT THE JOB. THESE APPLY TO WORK CYCLE OF EXTREMELY SHORT DURATION.

• 2) NON-REPETITIVE WORK:- IT INCLUDE SOME TYPE OF MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION WORK, WHERE CYCLE ITSELF IS HARDLY EVER REPEATED IDENTICALLY.

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES:-

1)TIME STUDY

2) SYNTHESIS

3) WORK SAMPLING

4) ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION

5)PREDETERMINED MOTION AND TIME STUDY.

TIME STUDY• TIME STUDY IS WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR

RECORDING THE TIMES AND RATES OF WORKING FOR THE ELEMENTS OF A SPECIFIED JOB CARRIED OUT UNDER SPECIFIED UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS

STEPS IN MAKING TIME STUDY:-1)SELECT (SELECTING JOB FOR WORK STUDY)

2)OBTAIN & RECORD (DETAILS REGARDING METHODS,OPERATOR, JOB AND WORKING CONDITION)

3)DEFINE (THE ELEMENT, BREAK THE JOB INTO CONVENIENT FOR TIMING)

4)MEASURE (TIME DURATION FOR EACH ELEMENT AND ASSESS THE RATING)

5)EXTEND (OBSERVED TIME INTO NORMAL TIME {BASIC TIME})

6)DETERMINED (RELAXATION AND PERSONAL ALLOWANCES)

7) COMPUTE (STANDARD TIME FOR THE OPERATION FOR DEFINED JOB OR OPERATION.)

WORK MEASUREMENT• STANDARD TIME IS USED IN:• COSTING THE LABOR COMPONENT

OF PRODUCTS

• TRACKING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

• SCHEDULING & PLANNING REQUIRED RESOURCES

WORK SIMPLIFICATION• INVOLVES IMPROVEMENT IN WORK METHODS OR WORK FLOW INITIATED AND DEVELOPED BY WORKERS OR SUPERVISORS ON THE JOB AS A RESULT OF METHODS TRAINING AND /OR ECONOMIC INCENTIVES. IT IS AN ORGANIZED USE OF COMMON SENSE TO FIND AND APPLY BETTER WAYS OF DOING ANY WORK AT LESSER COST.

SETTING STANDARD TIMES• STEP 1: CHOOSE THE SPECIFIC JOB TO BE STUDIED

• STEP 2: TELL THE WORKER WHOSE JOB YOU WILL BE STUDYING

• STEP 3: BREAK THE JOB INTO EASILY RECOGNIZABLE UNITS

• STEP 4: CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF CYCLES YOU MUST OBSERVE

• STEP 5: TIME EACH ELEMENT, RECORD DATA & RATE THE

WORKER’S PERFORMANCE

• STEP 6: COMPUTE THE NORMAL TIME

• STEP 7: COMPUTE THE STANDARD TIME

JOB DESIGN PROCESS:• JOB DESIGN PROCESS HAS TO START FROM WHAT

ACTIVITY NEEDS TO BE DONE IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.

• IT REQUIRES USE OF TECHNIQUES LIKE WORK-STUDY, PROCESS PLANNING, ORGANIZATIONAL METHODS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS AND ALSO TECHNICAL ASPECTS

RELATIONSHIP B/W TIME AND MOTION STUDY TO WORK STUDY

TIME STUDY MOTION STUDY

TIME STUDY IS A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS MOTION STUDY IS A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

LEADING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OF A WORK STATION LEADING TO THE DESIGN

TIME STANDARD OR IMPROVEMENT OF AN OPERATION/ACTIVITY

WORK STUDY WITH

1. WITH PRODUCTIVITY2. WITH WORKERS3. WITH SUPERVISOR. WITH MANAGEMENT

Productivity – to reduce the wastage of resources , wastage of time and to increase efficiency in man and production

Workers – sincerity to mgmt and make out the best

Supervisor- has authority on the shop floor to all workers; he has to be Work study Expert man

Management- sometime colleagues might not co-operate , it is mgt responsibility to take care of issue and sort it out ….

THANK YOU