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History stages of Intl Comm
Communication & empires
• Many rulers used inscription for public information. Writing become more flexible and efficient means of conveying information over long distances.
Printing press
• 8th century paper introduced from China to the Islamic world and spread to medieval Europe.
• In the fifteenth century developed the printing press and the first printing press was opened in Goa in 1557.
Industrial revolution and transport
• The growing international commerce encouraged by colonialization, gave a huge stimulus to the internationalization of communication.
The growth of the telegraph
• Invented by Samuel Mores in 1837, the telegraph enabled the rapid transmission of information, as well as ensuring secrecy and code protection.
The era of news agencies
•The France Havas agency was founded in 1835, the German agency Wolf in 1849, the US agency, Associated Press (AP) in 1848, and the British Reuters in 1851.
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Booming Koran Harian
Ekspansi media massa cetak dan internasionalisasi kantor
berita mendorong berkembangnya industri koran harian.
• The Times of India, 1838 lebih dari 140 harian
diterbitkan pada tahun 1870.
• The Straits Times, Singapore, 1858.
• Al Ahram, Mesir, 1875.
• Asahi Shimbun (Morning Sun), Japan, 1890.
• Le Petit Parisien, Perancis, 1890. oplah 1 juta exp./ h
• Daily Mail, 1896.
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Booming Industri Film
Internasionalisasi budaya massa sejatinya dimulai
dengan menjamurnya industri perfilman.
Film pertama kali dibuat di Paris dan Berlin pada tahun
1895.
Tahun 1907 film “Path’” dari Perancis mendominasi
pasar perfilman Eropa, kemudian menyebar ke USA dan
Brazil.
Industri perfilman sangat bergairah dengan lahirnya
Hollywood di USA yang kemudian mendominasi
produksi film dunia.
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Booming Industri Musik
HMV (His Masters Voice) berdiri pada tahun 1897 dan
mempunyai cabang di Balkan, Timur Tengah, Afrika,
India, Cina dan Iran. Di tahun 1906, 60% keuntungan
perusahaan diperoleh dari pasar internasional.
Merger dengan Columbia Gramaphone Company dan
membentuk EMI (Electric and Musical Industies) pada
tahun 1931.
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Booming Industri Periklanan
1929: HMV ‘The pause that refreshes’
1948: De Beers ‘A diamond is forever’
1964: Pepsi-Cola ‘The pepsi generation’
1970: Coca-Cola ‘It’s the advice’
1988: Nike ‘Just do it’
1993: Coca-Cola ‘Always’
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Rp 150.000 Rp 50.000
Kekuatan Branding
Industri Periklanan
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Kekuatan Branding
Industri Periklanan
5.000 Unit/bulan 13.000 Unit/bulan
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Diskusi Kelompok
Diskusikan pertanyaan berikut dengan kelompok anda!
Pilih seorang anggota sebagai sekretaris untuk menuliskan
jawaban dan seorang lagi sebagai juru bicara!
1. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan budaya pop? Berikan
contohnya!
2. Apakah budaya pop dapat digunakan sebagai media
politik oleh suatu negara? Jelaskan disertai dengan
contoh!
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Peran Media Popular
• Chung-kuo Jih-pao (Chinese Daily Paper) Sun Yat Sen.
• Young India Mahatma Gandhi.
• Siaran Radio Reichsender dalam 50 bahasa Nazi.
• Radio Bari Mussolini.
• Communist Information Bureau (Comintern) USSR.
• Voice of America, Radio Liberty, Radio Free Europe, American
Forces Netowork USA.
‘During the war period it came to be recognized that the
mobilization of man and mean was not sufficient; there must
be mobilization of opinion. Power over opinion, as over life
and property, passed into official hands’ (Lasswell)