history surgery

8/8/2019 History Surgery

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The History of Surgery: The History of Surgery:A brief account of how an

esteemed art and science came tobe what it is today.



Chirurgery =

Latin, chirurgia, from theGreek, cheir = hand and

ergon = work…

anglicized to Surgery.



Abul Qasim Khalafibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi

or Albucalsis (993- 1064)

• Shoulder dislocation

• Arterial ligation

• Hereditary nature ofhemophilia

• Dental devices

• Ectopic pregnancy (lethal)

• Inspection of the uterus, ear,throat



DominiqueLarrey

“Studiedmedicine and

then trained insurgery…”

Napoleon’sSurgeon-in-Chief

by 1805.



“There is nomore science

in surgery

than inbutchering,”- Lord Thurlow

Parliamentary debate on the

establishment of a Royal College ofSurgeons in 1811



John Collins Warren

1778- 1856

16 October 184616 October 1846

Massachusetts HospitalMassachusetts Hospital

BostonBoston



Manassas, Virginia July 21, 1861



FranceFrance

18641864

Scotland 1869Scotland 1869



Lord Joseph Lister

1827-1912

Scotland 1869Scotland 1869

antisepsis, asepsisantisepsis, asepsis

and manand man



Glossary of the unfamiliar

in 1870:

•Antibiotics• Sterile field

• Rubber gloves

• Appendicitis

•Bovie

• Transfusion• Anesthesiologist

• NG suction• Chest X-ray

• Endotracheal tube• Cardiac

operations



Rochester, MinnesotaRochester, Minnesota

1864 through 1889:1864 through 1889:

The Rise of the The Rise of theHospitalHospital



Unregulated,

proprietary medicalschools, followed by

occasional

internships,

supplemented with

elective peripateticobservational

education mostly founded on

experiences from

those in need…



Baltimore, Maryland

1889



QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor

are needed to see this picture.



September 23, 1852 to September 7, 1922



The Flexner Report and Reforms1910



1909: Thyroid function and operations1909: Thyroid function and operations



1912: Vascular1912: Vascular anastomosesanastomoses



1921: Toronto

1923: Discovery of insulin



Franklin H. Martin, MD, FACS 1857-1935

“There is no more science in

surgery than in butchering”



Evarts A. Graham



Germany 1929



1956: Cardiac catheterization and circulatory physiology 1956: Cardiac catheterization and circulatory physiology



University of Chicago1941

1966: Specific hormonal influence on cancer cells1966: Specific hormonal influence on cancer cells



Johns Hopkins Hospital

1940



Boston - 1942



• wound management

• antibiotic use

• blood transfusions

• organization of field hospitals

World War IIdemanded

advances in :



Philadelphia

1953

John H. Gibbon



1990: Successful Organ Transplantation1990: Successful Organ Transplantation

C. Rollins Hanlon

Chair at Saint Louis University from 1950 - 1969



St. Louis - 1950



St. Louis - 1969



Denver 1963



California 1961



Houston 1963

Cleveland 1969



Cleveland 1969

Norman Shumway



y

Stanford

Jonathan RhoadsU of Pennsylvania

Stanley Dudrick

U of Pennsylvania

& UT Houston

1970’s to 80’s



From the ancient Inca’s,



through medieval surgery,

andthe application of the art

of surgery…



……toto the marriage of the marriage of sciencescience andand surgery surgery

in the past century in the past century ……



the thrust has beenthe thrust has beenhow we can dohow we can do more more

andand more more ,,

safely and effectively,safely and effectively,

to extend the quantity to extend the quantity and quality of life?and quality of life?



Less can be More



Less can be More

So long as the results are theSo long as the results are the

same or better:same or better:• Shorter hospital stay, earlier return to

work, fewer transfusions• Sometimes lower costs

• Recurrence or cure rate equivalent orbetter

• Complication rate equivalent or better



And that is the story of surgery from the Inca’s to

the present

Now you know



Blalock

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