history year 9 revision

7/27/2019 History Year 9 Revision

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History ElectiveTopics To Cover:

Feudalism Chivalry Franks - Frankish Kings Crusades

Battle of Hastings

Where are the franks from

Which period of time is the middle ages

What !as Charlemagne main achievement

What happens in feudal societies"

What kind of economic activity occurred in the middle ages #$%ample: Farming&

The 'lague #The Black (eath& Which kind of institutions !ere important during the middle ages

What determines people)s social status in feudal societies"

Why did the church support the crusades

T!o *hort +esponse ,uestions:

Feudalism

Chivalry

#Knight Hood&

#Bravery&

#.oyalty&

#Honestly&

$%plain !hat is in the picture #What 'icture&

(escri/e the life of a peasant living in a feudalistic society"

$%plain !hy the definition of chivalry has changed over time and is no! adapted to our modern

lifestyle"

0magine that you are living in $ngland in the 12th Century" (escri/e t!o of the follo!ing features

of medieval life:

+eligious /eliefs and activities" Crimes and 'unishments

Castles

Warfare

3ender +oles

Feudalism:


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Feudalism !as esta/lished in $ngland /y William the Con4ueror and the 5ormans follo!ing the

defeat of the 6nglo *a%ons at the Battle of Hastings #1277& "

Feudalism is fundamentally the concept of the e%change of military services for land" King

William the con4ueror used this concept to re!ard anyone that had sho!ed support" 6ny sort of

society under feudalism !ould consisted in everyone o!ing allegiance to their king8superior"

(uring the 9iddle 6ges everyone kne! their place" The feudalistic society !as not a very good

one they sought the concept to /e ideal /ut then soon realised that serfs and peasants !ere

deeply mistreated and lacked essential human rights"

The ;ustice system in a feudalistic society !as appalling the no/les and people of higher order

!ould have more rights than others this !ould lead to unfair ;ustice and an a/used ;ustice

system used for personal gain"

Chivalry:

0t is a generic term that !as used in the knighthood system during the middle ages" 0t is a sense

of honor and pride knights !ere kno!n to /e these people of high order people !ho !ould

never do anything to displease the pu/lic they !ould never mistreat !omen and !ould respect

everyone" This system !as not an authentic group unlike the Templars and such it !as a moral

aspect of knights" 'eople !ould e%pect knights to have this characteristic"

Frankish Kings:

Theuderic 000 - First king of 6.. franks 7


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The immense territories !hich Charlemagne controlled /ecame kno!n as the Carolingianempire" Charlemagne introduced administrative reforms throughout the lands he controlledesta/lishing key representatives in each region and holding a general assem/ly each year at hiscourt at 6achen" He standardised !eights measures and customs dues !hich helped improvecommerce and initiated important legal reforms" He also attempted to consolidate Christianitythroughout his vast empire" He persuaded many eminent scholars to come to his court and

esta/lished a ne! li/rary of Christian and classical !orks"Charlemagne died in ?1@" His successors lacked his vision and authority and his empire did notlong outlive him"

ACharlemagne !as an emperor of the +oman $mpire and he !as the king of France in ?22 6"("He e%panded the Frankish kingdom" He e%panded the Frankish empire !hich incorporated theCentral and Western parts of $urope" He did this /ecause he !anted everyone to /e united andfor everyone to /e +oman Catholic8Christian

Crusades:

The Crusades !ere a series of Holy Wars launched /y the Christian states of $urope against

the *aracens" The term )*aracen) !as the !ord used to descri/e a 9oslem during the time of

the Crusades" The Crusades started in 12= !hen 'ope Claremont preached the First

Crusade at the Council of Clermont" The 'ope)s preaching led to thousands immediately affi%ing

the cross to their garments - the name Crusade given to the Holy Wars came from old French

!ord )crois) meaning )cross)" The Crusades !ere great military e%peditions undertaken /y the

Christian nations of $urope for the purpose of rescuing the holy places of 'alestine from the

hands of the 9ohammedans" They !ere eight in num/er the first four /eing sometimes called

the 'rincipal Crusades and the remaining four the 9inor Crusades" 0n addition there !as a

Children)s Crusade" There !ere several other e%peditions !hich !ere insignificant in num/ers

or results"

What was the Cause for the Crusades?

The reason for the crusades !as a !ar /et!een Christians and 9oslems !hich centered

around the city of Derusalem" The City of Derusalem held a Holy significance to the Christian

religion" The Church of the Holy *epulchre in Derusalem commemorated the hill of crucifi%ion

and the tom/ of Christ)s /urial and !as visited /y 'ilgrims" 0n 127 Derusalem !as taken /y the

Turks and E222 Christians !ere massacred starting a chain of events !hich contri/uted to the

cause of the crusades"

What were the Obectives of the Crusades?

The /;ectives of the crusades !as at first to release the Holy .and in particular Derusalem

from the *aracens /ut in time !as e%tended to seiGing *pain from the 9oors the *lavs and

'agans from eastern $urope and the islands of the 9editerranean"

How many Crusades were there?


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There !ere a total of nine crusades The first four crusades !ere seen as the most import and

scant reference is made to the other crusades - !ith the e%ception of the Children)s crusade

!hich effectively led to the decline of the crusades" For a period of t!o hundred years $urope

and 6sia !ere engaged in almost constant !arfare" Throughout this period there !as a

continuous movement of crusaders to and from the 9oslem possessions in 6sia 9inor *yria

and $gypt"

!he First Crusade

The first crusade !hich lasted from 12=-12== esta/lished the .atin Kingdom of Derusalem

providing more lands for the crusading knights !ho often travelled across $urope to try their

fortunes and to visit the Holy *epulchre"

!he Fall of "erusalem and #cre $ the %ast Crusades

The kingdom of Derusalem !as gradually lost until the last Christian city 6cre fell in 1>=1" The

dream of returning to the Holy .and nonetheless proved popularI the Kings of France and

$ngland fre4uently made such plans though in nearly every case the crusades !ere redirected

or derailed /y regional tensions"

!he Crusades and the Orders of &eligious Knights

The crusades also gave rise to the important knightly orders the Knights Templar the Teutonic

Knights and the Hospitallers" These !ere orders of religious knights !orking from monastic rule

to defend the holy land and pilgrims en route to Derusalem"

!he Effects of the CrusadesThe effects of the Crusades on $urope of the 9iddle 6ges !ere an important factor in the

history of the progress of civiliGation" The effects of the Crusades influenced the !ealth and

po!er of the Catholic Church 'olitical matters commerce feudalism intellectual development

social effects material effects and the effects of the crusades also prompted the famous

Joyages of discovery"

!he Crusades $ !he Kingdom of "erusalem

The Kingdom of Derusalem !as ruled /y $uropean Kings and ,ueens /et!een 12== and 1>=1"

This section details the founding of the Kingdom of Derusalem /y /y 3odfrey of Bouillon the

first ruler of the Kingdom of Derusalem and its fall into the hands of *aladin" The names of all

the Kings and ,ueens of the Kingdom of Derusalem are also listed on this section"

!he Crusaders

The crusaders came from /oth the pper and .o!er classes" What prompted tens of thousands

of people to travel 1222 miles to go on the First Crusade What privileges !ere granted to

crusaders


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!he Crusades !imeline

0nteresting Facts and information a/out Crusades Timeline in the 9iddle 6ges" 'eople and

events in the 9iddle 6ges via the Crusades Timeline" The Crusades Timeline details the key

dates and leaders of all the crusades"

Holy %and 'ilgrimageThe Holy .and 'ilgrimages sprang from the pilgrimages !hich Christians had long /een

accustomed to make to the scenes of Christ)s life on earth"

(attle of Hastings

The /attle of Hastings occurred on 1@th of octo/er 1277" Bet!een (uke William > of 5ormandy

and the King Harold >" France J $ngland"William duke of normandy !on the /attle"

%ifestyle:+eligion !as an important part of life for most medieval $uropeans" Hardly any of them !ereeducated or understood science" For more than E22 years after the death of Desus Christ

Christianity !as /anned" 'eople !ho tried to spread his teachings !ere e%ecuted" $mperorConstantine lifted the /an in the early E22s" By 1122)s Catholicism had spread to /ecome themost po!erful and influential religion in Western $urope" Force !as sometimes used to convertnon /elievers to /elievers"There !ere simple /eliefs if you follo!ed 3od)s teachings you !ill go to heaven if not you!ould go to hell" 'eople sho!ed their devotion to 3od /y going to mass on *undays and theysupported their leaders /y giving them a 12L ta% of the crops they gre! annually"The catholic church !as very !ealthy and very influential in government la! making and la!enforcement" 9any no/les left land property and money to the church in order to gain favour!ith 3od"The head of the Catholic Church is the same as no! the 'ope" He !as considered to /e 3od)s

representative on $arth and people !ere !illing to fight for their country if the 'ope orderedthem to"

Witchcraft !as a very serious charge" 'eople /elieved that !itches !ere the devils follo!ersand that they !ould use their po!ers to cause suffering and sadness to the people of $arth"Witches !ere /lamed for numerous things famine the plague drought failure of a harvest andeven the still/irth of a /a/y"

The Catholic Church had its o!n court system and o!n la! to try and control people)s /ehavior"0f people !orked on *undays or )Holy days) they !ould /e fined or !hipped"Before police forces if someone !as seen /reaking the la! it !as e%pected of the villagers tochase after the !rongdoer until they !ere caught" 0f the criminal escaped the villagers !ould /epunished" *ome to!ns imposed a curfe! to prevent the rising crime rates"Convicted criminals !ere punished in pu/lic"

6/out =2L of the medieval $uropeans !ere peasants people !ho lived under the control of alord" They !orked as farmers from childhood on!ards" 9ost of the peasants never travelledmore than the 17km !alk to the nearest market to!n" 'easants live in villages of a/out 122-E22people in houses that !ere located around the village green or along a pot-holed dirt road"

9anors


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9anors !ere the villages and land around them" They varied from the siGe from a/out =22-E222hectares" They !ere o!ned or controlled /y a lord8lady" $ach village had a )common) !hich allvillagers shared as graGing land for their animals" There !ere also churches a castle a mill anda tithe /arn"The peasants lived in one or t!o roomed !ooden huts !ith clay !ars unglaGed !indo! holesdirt floors and thatched roofs" 0n !inter they shared these houses !ith their animals" Tofts !ere

a vegeta/le garden that each house had"The lord of the manor has great po!er over the peasants !ho live there" They need to ask hispermission /efore they could leave the village get married sell their animals or have theirchildren taught to read and !rite" 0n order for peasants to use the lord)s mill the lord)s over or/re!ery they needed to pay ta%" When peasants died the lord !ould usually claim a death dutyin the form of the second /est animal"FarmingJillage farming !as organised on an open field system" This meant that farming land !asn)trestricted /y fences !alls or hedges" $ach year one field !as left fallo!# !ithout crops& for thecattle to graGe on

(lack 'lauge

Black (eath The 9iddle 6ges encompass one of the most e%citing periods in $nglish History"

ne of the most important historical events of the 9edieval era is the Black (eath" What !ere

the key dates of this famous historical event What !ere the names of the 9edieval people !ho

!ere involved in this historical occasion 0nteresting facts and information a/out the Black

(eath are detailed /elo!"

Key (ates relating to the event: This terri/le plague started in $urope in 1E>? and lasted until1E1 although there !ere out/reaks for the ne%t si%ty years

The disease !as called the Black (eath /ecause one of the symptoms produced a /lackeningof the skin around the s!ellings" or /u/oes" The /u/oes !ere red at first /ut later turned a dark

purple or /lack" When a victim)s /lood !as let the /lood that e%uded !as /lack thick and vile

smelling !ith a greenish scum mi%ed in it" The Black (eath !as spread /y fleas that !ere

carried /y rats or other small rodents" The spread of the Black (eath follo!ed all of the Trade

+outes to every country

The Black (eath of the 9iddle 6ges !as /elieved to have originated in the 3o/i (esert" Key

'eople relating to the event: 5early one third of the population of died - a/out >22 million people

in $urope" The 1E>? out/reak in China caused the population to drop from 1> million to =2

million in ;ust fifty years"


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'ainful s!ellings #/u/oes& of the lymph nodes These s!ellings or /u/oes !ould appear in the armpits legs neck or groin 6 /u/o !as at first a red color" The /u/o then turned a dark purple color or /lack ther symptoms of the Black (eath included: 6 very high fever (elirium

The victim /egins to vomit

9uscular pains Bleeding in the lungs 9ental disorientation

The plague also produced in the victim an intense desire to sleep !hich if yielded to 4uickly

proved fatal" 6 victim !ould die 4uickly - victims only lived /et!een > -@ days after contracting

the deadly disease

Black (eath Jictims in the 9iddle 6ges - Treatments

The Black (eath victims in the 9iddle 6ges !ere terrified of the deadly disease" The plagueheld a massive mortality rate /et!een E2 and @2L" Jictims had no idea !hat had caused thedisease" 5either did the physicians in the 9iddle 6ges" The most that could /e done !as thatvarious concoctions of her/s might /e administered to relieve the symptoms - there !as nokno!n cure" Headaches !ere relieved /y rose lavender sage and /ay" *ickness or nausea!as treated !ith !orm!ood mint and /alm" .ung pro/lems !ere treated !ith li4uorice andcomfrey" Jinegar !as used as a cleansing agent as it !as /elieved that it !ould kill disease" But/loodletting !as commonly thought to /e one of the /est !ays to treat the plague" The /loodthat e%uded !as /lack thick and vile smelling !ith a greenish scum mi%ed in it"

Black (eath Treatment: Black (eath !as treated /y lancing the /u/oes and applying a !armpoultice of /utter onion and garlic" Jarious other remedies !ere tried including arsenic lily root

and even dried toad"

(uring a later out/reak of this terri/le plague during the $liGa/ethan era su/stances such asto/acco /rought from the 5e! World !ere also used in e%periments to treat the disease"

Black (eath in $ngland - 1E@?-1E2The Black (eath reached $ngland in 1E@?" Bristol !as an important $uropean port and city in$ngland during the 9edieval era" 0t is !idely /elieved that Bristol !as the place !here the Black(eath first reached $ngland" The plague reached $ngland during the summer months /et!eenDune and 6ugust" The Black (eath reached .ondon /y 1st 5ovem/er 1E@?" .ondon !as acro!ded /ustling city !ith a population of around 2222" Bet!een 1E@? and 1E2 killed a/out E2 - @2L of the population of$ngland !hich at the time !as estimated to /e a/out five to si% million" 9any people !erethro!n into open communal pits" The oldest youngest and poorest died first" Whole villages andto!ns in $ngland simply ceased to e%ist after the Black (eath"


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Conse4uences and $ffects of the Black (eath plague

The Conse4uences and effects of the Black (eath plague !ere far reaching in $ngland:

'rices and Wages rose

3reater value !as placed on la/our

Farming land !as given over to pasturing !hich !as much less la/our-intensive

This change in farming led to a /oost in the cloth and !oollen industry

'easants moved from the country to the to!ns

The Black (eath !as therefore also responsi/le for the decline of the Feudal system

'eople /ecame disillusioned !ith the church and its po!er and influence !ent into

decline"

This resulted in the $nglish reformation

(attle of HastingsThe 9iddle 6ges encompass one of the most e%citing periods in $nglish History" ne of themost important historical events of the 9edieval era is the Battle of Hastings" What !ere thekey dates of this famous historical event - the great Battle of Hastings in 1277 What !ere thenames of the 9edieval people !ho !ere involved in the Battle of Hastings The leaders in theBattle of Hastings - William the Con4ueror and King Harold" 0nteresting facts and informationa/out the Battle of Hastings are detailed /elo! together !ith a timeline of the Battle of Hastings"For a fully comprehensive !e/site please visit 1277 - The Battle of Hastings

0mportant Facts a/out the Battle of Hastings" 0nteresting information and important facts a/out

the Battle of Hastings"

Key (ates relating to the event: The Battle of Hastings took place on *aturday 1@th of cto/er

1277

Key 'eople relating to the event: Battle of Hastings leaders: (uke William of 5ormandy andKing Harold of $ngland

*urprising Facts a/out the Battle of Hastings:

The $nglish King $d!ard the Confessor !as /rought up in 5ormandy and had many 5orman

friends" (uke William claimed that $d!ard the Confessor named him as his successor" (uke

William claimed that Harold 3od!inson agreed that William should /ecome King of $ngland onthe death of $d!ard the Confessor" Harold 3od!inson is cro!ned King of $ngland and (uke

William receives support from the 'ope to mount a Crusade against $ngland"

King Harold positions his army on the *outh coast of $ngland and !aits for the 5orman

0nvasion" The Jikings then invade the 5orth of $ngland" King Harold has to force march his

army from the *outh of $ngland to Mork to defend $ngland against the Jiking 0nvasion" King

Harold defeats the Jikings /ut immediately has to march /ack to the *outh of $ngland /ecause


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the 5ormans invade the country" The $nglish are !inning the Battle of Hastings so the 5ormans

changed their strategy and fire arro!s up!ard into the air aiming at the faces rather than the

/odies of the $nglish" King Harold is shot in the eye" The $nglish are still !inning the Battle of

Hastings /ut foolishly /elieve the 5ormans are retreating" They chase the 5ormans giving up

their superior higher /attle position and conse4uently lose the Battle of Hastings" Why the Battle

of Hastings !as famous and important to the history of $ngland: The Battle of Hastings resultedin all lands of $ngland /eing claimed /y the 5ormans !ho introduced Feudalism to $ngland

history year 9 revision

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