Hitachi Zosen Inova Dr. Michael KeuneckeWaste is our energy:Energy recovery from MSW and RDF with a well proven technology

13th Symposium on Waste Management- 2014, Zagreb

1990: 400 Mt

2010: 640 Mt

2020: 1’000 Mt

2025: 2.2 billion tonnes

2010: 1.3 billion tonnes

It’s a fact!

Worldwide MSW volumeSource: World Bank Report “What a Waste”, 2012

MtCO2-e Emissions from landfills Source: Monni at al 2006

MSW- Management in Croatia

1.630.000 t/y of MSW (2010)Separate collected waste 38% bulky waste, 20% organic waste, 8% paper is mostly landfilledNo landfill ban, no landfill tax 4% of the waste is recycled with the target to achieve 10% in 202096% of MSW is landfilled with the target to achieve 35% in 2020Waste management centers are planed with EU fundingOne project for EfW in Zagreb foreseen

MBT versus. EFW Mass balance

Mechanical biological treatment

Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )

Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )

Thermal treatment+ val. of energy

RDF to Thermal treatment.: 300 kg

Dust (to landfill) 15 - 20 kg

combustionAir

Slag (reusable) 250 - 280 kg

Water + CO2 1200 - 1500 kg

Steam: 3000 kg⇒Power / District heating or cooling

Fraction to landfill 300 – 400 kg

Water + CO2 200 - 250 kg

Inert materials (metalls/stones)100 – 150 kg

MBT versus. EFW Required space 90’000 tons/year

1x

4 – 5 x

EFW Plant

MBT Plant

1x

4 - 5 x

MBT versus. EFW 90’000 tons/year

EFW Zorbau :

85.- €/toTendancy:

MBT Plant Cröbern

160.- €/toTendancy:

38‘000 to/year from MBT to EFW plant

MBT versus. EFW 90’000 tons/year

Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )

Waste 1000 kg( PCI: 10MJ/kg )

Electricity production:650 – 750 kW / to

treated wasteInternal demand*:

70 - 120 kW / to*depending FGT plant

No electricity production Autonomous if cogeneration plant is part of the MBT plant

**Otherwise: Demand from 60 –

80 kW / to

EFW Plant MBT Plant

Protect Habitat for Human Development

Energy from Waste – Sustainable Energy

Fight Deforestation• Waste is a

domestic fuel available in all industrialized areas (unlike biomass)

Protect Land• No need for

additional landfills

Protect Water• No leakage

from landfills• No effluents

from EfW-plant

Protect Air• Regulations for

EfW are more stringent than for coal fired power plants

• Negligible source of dioxin immissionscompared to total immissions

Protect Humans• Destruction or

concentration of hazardous compounds and germs

Non-combustible

Fe Al Disposal fly ashvitrified slag

Case 1 – gasification + conventional combustion (HITZ)

BFB gasifier (600°C)

combustion and ash melting at 1400°C

9 reference plants, e.g. 2 x 8 MWth in Kimotsuki, Japan (in operation since 2008)

Shredder HRSG for steam turbine (400°C, 40 bar)

conventional flue gas treatment

MSW

Source: HITZ, Hitachi Zosen

9

Case 2 – SRF gasification + partial syngas cleaning (Valmet)

internal power consumption = 2.2%

ηCGE = 80%?

80%

Hot syngas

100%

MSW

Operating resources

ηST = 33% 29.7%

Powerηboiler = 80%

29.7%Steam

15%Hot flue gas

SRF Storage

CFB Gasifier (900°C) Gas cooling

Ceramic filter forsyngas cleaning (400°C)

Boiler + steam turbine (121 bar, 540°C)

Conventional flue gastreatment

Reference plant: 2 x 80 MWth in Lathi, Finland (in operation since 2012)

Source: www.metso.com

10

Case 3 – plasma gasification + gas turbine (Alter NRG + Air Products)

ASU

updraft gasifier (1600°C) syngas cooling and

clean-up

Reference plant: ~140 MWth in Tees Valley, UK (under construction)

Source: www.alternrg.com

syngas compression + combustion in gas turbine

11

Gasification vs combustion - summary

ConventionalWtE

Gasification + conv. Boiler

SRF Gasification + adv. Boiler

Plasma gasification + Gas turbine

Efficiency (MSW to electricity) 25-30% 15-25% 27% 28%

Material recovery Fe, Non-Fe, PM, REE

Fe, Non-Fe, vitrified slag

Fe, Non-Fe, Plastics, …

Metalcompound, vitrified slag

Residues todispose 25 w% 6 w%* 25 w% 4 w%*

Emissions Withinregulations

Withinregulations

Withinregulations

Withinregulations

Operating resourceconsumption

Gas treatmentGas treatment

+Limestone

Gas treatmentGas treatment,

+ Coke andLimestone

Availability > 90% 80% ? ?

12

* assumes that vitrified slag finds further usage

Reliable Grate Combustion Systems for Energy from Waste

Types of Waste

Municipal solid waste (non or pre-treated) and comparable industrial wastes

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)

Co-combustion (< 10%) of sewage sludge, hospital waste, shredded tires

Range of Capacity

Throughput 5 - 44 t/h

Net calorific value 6 - 18 MJ/kg

Thermal capacity 12 - 120 MW/line

Taylor-made Systems

Air and water-cooled grate furnaces

2 – 5 pass energy recovery boilers

13HZI Company Presentation

14

Dry Scrubbing

TypesXerosorpXerosorp+

Main FeaturesDry flue gas treatment process for the removal of acidic gaseous contaminants by absorption with sodium bicarbonate.DeDiox with activated carbonGas/Solid – separation in fabric filterCombination of the above process with low temperature DeNOx: Xerosorp+

CapacityFlue gas volume up to 250,000 m³/h

HZI Company Presentation

Reactor/Filter SCR Catalyst Heat exchanger

15

Electric Power

Main FeaturesOnly electricity production without heat utilization

EfficiencyUp to 27%

HZI Company Presentation

16

Combined Heat and Power

Main ProcessCombined heat and power with moderate heat demand part time or throughout the whole year

EfficiencyUp to 62%

Main ProcessCombined heat and power with high heat demand and heat export throughout all or most of the year

EfficiencyUp to 84%

HZI Company Presentation

17

Combined Cold and Power

Main ProcessCombined cold and power with moderate heat demand part time or throughout the whole year

EfficiencyUp to 50%

HZI Company Presentation

… but also Material-from-Waste!

MetalRecovery• Precious metal• Ferrous• Aluminium

MfW

Not only Energy-from-Waste …

Energy Recovery• Power• Steam

• Heating• Cooling

PfW

CfW

HfW

SfW

Beyond Energy from Waste

PREVENTION

PREPARE FOR RE-USE

RECYCLING

OTHER RECOVERY

DISPOSAL

18

19

Waste is our Energy.Engineering is our Business.Sustainable Solutions are our Mission.

Thank you for your attention