hitler and stalin signed agreement to not attack each other (aug. 23, 1939) – agreement was to...
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• 3/9 Focus: – Using the sudden mass attack known as the
Blitzkrieg, Germany was able to overrun much of Europe and North Africa.
• Important Terms:– Blitzkrieg
• Do Now:–What is appeasement?
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The Axis Powers Advance
Blitzkrieg
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Hitler and Stalin signed agreement to not attack each other (Aug. 23, 1939)– Agreement was to
last for 10 years
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Pact contained secret agreement to divide Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union
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Invasion of Poland• German troops invade
western Poland on Sept. 1, 1939– Britain and France (Allied
Powers) had pledged to help Poland
– Allies declared war on Sept. 3, 1939
– Poland fell within a number of weeks before they could get help from Allies
• Soviets invaded Poland on Sept. 17, 1939
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Invasion of Poland
• Blitzkrieg- German word meaning “lightning warfare”–Military strategy
developed by Germany– Used tanks (panzers),
motorized vehicles, airplanes, and paratroopers to quickly mobilize troops and overwhelm enemy forces
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The Phony War
• Period of calm after the invasion of Poland (Sept. 1939-May 1940) – Britain moved troops to
France to help with expected German invasion of France
• Hitler invaded Norway and Denmark in April 1940. – Wanted to avoid
possibility of a naval blockade of Germany
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Invasion of France
• Germany launches attack on Belgium, Holland, and France on May 10, 1940
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Invasion of France• France had believed
that Germany would attack across their Western border– Constructed a series of
forts known as the Maginot line after WWI
–Maginot Line did not cover the Ardennes Forest because it was thought that Germany could not attack through the thick forest
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Invasion of France• British and French troops
became trapped by German forces at Dunkirk
• German forces slowed their advance – they did not want to
over stretch their supply lines
– Hitler decides to turn over the destruction of the allied forces at Dunkirk to the German Luftwaffe (air force)
Hitler with Luftwaffe chief Herman Goering
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Invasion of France
• Operation Dynamo – The decision by Hitler to
hold back his army gave the British a chance to rescue their forces from Dunkirk
– British sent out a request for all available watercraft to head to Dunkirk
– 338,000 British and French troops were rescued by 800 ships
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Invasion of France• Allied forces could not
hold back German advance
• France surrendered on June 22, 1940
Hitler made the French sign their surrender in the same railcar that Germany signed the armistice ending the fighting in WWI
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Invasion of France
• France was divided – Occupied France
controlled by German military
– Vichy France controlled by “puppet” government that answered to Germans
Goering and the head of the Vichy French government Henri Petain
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French Resistance• Charles De Gaulle
formed Free French gov’t in exile – Based out of Britain – Resisted German
control of France
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Axis Powers Advance• Britain was left
alone to fight Germany in Western Europe– The Battle of
Britain
• Italian and German forces invaded the Balkans and North Africa
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• 3/12 Focus: – The early years of the WWII went poorly for
the Allies, as Britain was left to fight the Germans alone in Western Europe.
• Important Terms:– Blitz, Isolationist
• Do Now:–What event is considered to be the start of
WWII?
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Battle of Britain• After the taking France,
Hitler focused on trying to defeat Britain– Germans developed a
plan for invasion known as Operation Sea Lion
• Hitler launched an air war on Britain to take out British Air Force– Needed to be destroyed
before invasion could launched
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Battle of Britain
• German Luftwaffe bombed British ports and cities– Known as the Blitz– Attacks on civilians
were meant to weaken British will to fight
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Battle of Britain
• Leadership of Prime Minster Winston Churchill provide confidence for the British people
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Battle of Britain
• British RAF were able to inflict major damage on the German Luftwaffe– Use of Radar gave
warning of incoming German attacks
• Hitler was forced to cancel invasion of Britain
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Hitler Attacks the Soviet Union
• Hitler invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941– Known as Operation
Barbarossa
• German forces advanced rapidly into Russia– Got to the outskirts
of Moscow by Oct. 2, 1941
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Hitler Attacks the Soviet Union
• Russians began counterattack as winter set in– Germans were not
prepared for Russian winter
– Harsh conditions slowed German advance
• Germany now faced a two front war
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U.S. Neutrality
• Many American support an isolationist foreign policy– did not want to be
involved in European conflict
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U.S. Neutrality
• President Franklin D. Roosevelt provided weapons to the Allies through the Lend-Lease Program
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• 3/13 Focus: – The early years of the WWII went poorly for
the Allies but after the United States entered the war the Allies began to make gains against Axis armies
• Important Terms:– Total war
• Do Now:–What is appeasement?
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Atlantic Charter
• Document signed by FDR and Winston Churchill– Stated a common
desire to end Nazi tyranny
– Self determination for all people
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U.S. Entry in the War• United States had
placed economic sanctions on Japan – Response to
Japanese aggression in Asia
– Restricted sale of materials used for war
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U.S. Entry in the War• Japan launched
surprise attack on U.S. military bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941– Attack pulled the U.S.
into WWII• U.S Congress declared
war on Japan the next day• Germany and Italy
declared war on the U.S. three days later
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Japan Advances• Japanese forces
rapidly conquered strategic islands in the Pacific and territory in Asia
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Axis vs Allies• Allied Powers
• Axis Powers
Britain
Free French
Soviet Union
United StatesGermany
Italy
Japan
China
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Total War• Axis and Allied
powers used total war during the war– Civilian population
was required to support the war effort
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Total War
• Democratic governments exerted control over factories and manufacturing – Ordered factories
to produce war materials
– Rationed consumer goods
– Fixed prices and wages
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Total War• Democratic
governments limited certain rights and used propaganda to influence public opinion – Ex. Japanese
Americans were placed in interment camps
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Total War
• Women worked in factories to replace men who joined the war
• Some American and British women served in the armed forces– Non combat support
roles
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Total War
• Public supported the war effort by buying war bonds
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Theaters of War
• Two main theaters of the war – European theater• Allied effort led by
American Gen. Dwight Eisenhower
– Pacific Theater• Allied Effort in the
Pacific led by American Gen. Douglas MacArthur
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Turning Points
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Invasion of Normandy
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Battle of Midway