hiv drugs

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HIV Drugs

The FDA has approved more than 25 antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection. They can help in these

ways

!ower your viral load

Fight infections

Improve your "uality of life

#ven when these HIV medications are effective$ however$ you can still transmit HIV to others. They

are not a cure for HIV.

The HIV drug Truvada$ however$ has %een approved for use in those at high ris& as a way to prevent

HIV infection. It's to %e

used in con(unction with safe se)practices.

A group of HIV specialists has developed guidelines for the use of these HIV medications. The

current goals are to

*ontrol the growth of the virus

Improve overall immune system function and status

+uppress symptoms

,roduce as few side effects as possi%le

To do this$ doctors recommend that you ta&e a com%ination of HIV drugs from at least two of the main

classes. This com%ination is called highly active antiretroviral therapy -HAAT/. It helps com%at new

resistant strains of the virus that emerge as HIV ma&es copies of itself. HAAT also decreases the

rate of opportunistic infections.

If you are HIV0positive$ you should %egin HAAT

If you have symptoms of HIV

If your *D1 cell count falls %elow 530533 or if you are newly infected$ whether or not you have

symptoms. *D1 cells 00 also called T cells 00 are a type of immune system cell.

These are five classes of HIV drugs.

1. Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitorshelp %loc& an important step in the HIV life cycle. There

are two types of T inhi%itors.

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)stall reproduction of HIV. They

force the virus to use faulty versions of %uilding %loc&s.

The FDA has approved these 4TIs

Brand Name Generic Name Abbreviation

*om%ivir idovudine6 lamivudine A7T 6 T*

#mtriva emtricita%ine FT*
http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/viral-load-measurementhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-91482/truvada+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/sex/safe-sex-preventing-hiv-aids-stdshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4675/combivir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4386/zidovudine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76365/emtriva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76358/emtricitabine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-91482/truvada+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/sex/safe-sex-preventing-hiv-aids-stdshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4675/combivir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4386/zidovudine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76365/emtriva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76358/emtricitabine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/viral-load-measurement

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#pivir lamivudine T*

#picom A%acavir6 lamivudine A8* 6 T*

Hivid alcita%ine dd*

etrovir idovudine A7T or 7DV

+tri%ild tenofovir6 emtricita%ine 6

elvitegravir

TDF 6 FT* 6 #V9

Triivir a%acavir 6 idovudine 6 lamivudine A8* 6 A7T 6 T*

Truvada tenofovir DF 6 emtricita%ine TDF 6 FT*Vide) didanosine %uffered versions ddl

Vide) #* didanosine delayed0release

capsules

ddl

Viread tenofovir disopro)il fumarate -DF/ TDF or 8is -,:*/

,;,A

7erit stavudine d1T

7iagen a%acavir A8*

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HIV Drugs continued...

Nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs)%ind to the T protein. This disa%les it$ &eeping HIV from

ma&ing copies of itself.


#faviren-+ustiva/

4evirapine-Viramune/

Delavirdine-escriptor/

#travirine-Intelence/

#durant -rilpivirine/

The FDA also approved two one0pill$ once0a0day products to treat HIV.Atriplacom%ines three different

T inhi%itors -efaviren 6 tenovir DF 6 emtricita%ine/. And *omplera is a com%ination

of Truvada-which com%ines the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhi%itors #mtrivaandViread/ andthe non0nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhi%itor #durant.

*. +rotease inhibitors (+I)interfere with an enyme that HIV uses to create infectious viral particles.

The FDA has approved these protease inhi%itors


Agenerase amprenavir APV

Aptivus tipranavir TPV

Crixivan indinavir IDV

Invirase saquinavir SQV

Kaletra lopinavir + ritonavir LPV

Lexiva fosamprenavir PV

!orvir ritonavir "TV

Pre#ista darunavir D"V

"e$ata# ata#anavir AT%

Vira&ept nel'navir !V

Ta&ing Invirase with 4orvir has %een lin&ed to a potentially seriousdrug interactioncausing an

a%normal heartrhythm. >our doctor may recommend heart monitoring.Also$ the FDA says that ta&ing

thehepatitis *drug Victrelis -%oceprevir/ and ritonavir -when also ta&ing ataanavir$ lopinavir$ or
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16569/efavirenz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16567/sustiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-6268-NEVIRAPINE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=13802&drugname=Nevirapine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-13820/viramune+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1059&drugname=Delavirdine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1088&drugname=Rescriptor+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-149965/etravirine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149967-intelence+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144753/atripla+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-91482-truvada+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-76365-emtriva+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-22106-viread+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-rarehttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93657/aptivus+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93656/tipranavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12337/crixivan+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12320/indinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12027/invirase+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12029/saquinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-542-LOPINAVIR%2FRITONAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=19939&drugname=kaletra+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-1138-RITONAVIR+CAPSULE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=8436&drugname=Ritonavir+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77557/lexiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77548/fosamprenavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144586/prezista+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144580/darunavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76313/reyataz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76254/atazanavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3268-NELFINAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=491&drugname=viracept+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart/picture-of-the-hearthttp://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepc-guide/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16569/efavirenz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16567/sustiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-6268-NEVIRAPINE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=13802&drugname=Nevirapine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-13820/viramune+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1059&drugname=Delavirdine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1088&drugname=Rescriptor+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-149965/etravirine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149967-intelence+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144753/atripla+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-91482-truvada+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-76365-emtriva+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-22106-viread+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-rarehttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93657/aptivus+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93656/tipranavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12337/crixivan+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12320/indinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12027/invirase+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12029/saquinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-542-LOPINAVIR%2FRITONAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=19939&drugname=kaletra+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-1138-RITONAVIR+CAPSULE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=8436&drugname=Ritonavir+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77557/lexiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77548/fosamprenavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144586/prezista+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144580/darunavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76313/reyataz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76254/atazanavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3268-NELFINAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=491&drugname=viracept+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart/picture-of-the-hearthttp://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepc-guide/default.htm

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darunavir/ can potentially reduce the effectiveness of these drugs. Ty%ost -co%icistat/ is a drug that

helps protease inhi%itors wor& %etter.

,. -usion inhibitorshelp %loc& HIV's entry into healthy cells. At this time$ Fueon-enfuvirtide/$ #4F$

is the only one the FDA has approved.

. %ntr Inhibitorsalso help %loc& HIV's entry into healthy cells. *urrently$ maraviroc-+elentry/ isthe only FDA0approved drug$ %ut others are in late stage clinical trials.

0. Inte'rase inhibitors%loc& insertion of viral D4A into the host cell D4A.

*urrently$ Isentress-raltegravir/$ Vite&ta -elvitegravir/$ and Tivicay -dolutegravir/ are the only FDA0

approved drugs$ %ut others are in clinical trials. Dolutegravir is part of a com%ination pill called

Triumeg$ which also includes a%acavir and lamivudine.

How to Ta&e HIV Drugs

There are many types of HIV drugs. >our doctor will provide you with specific directions for the

medications you ta&e. However$ remem%er these important points

Ta&e all your HIV medication e)actly as directed. 4ever even miss one dose. If you don't ta&e them as

directed$ you may develop resistant strains of HIV$ and your medication may stop wor&ing.

*hec& with your pharmacist or doctor a%out whether or not you should ta&e your medications on an

empty stomach. Ta&ing them the right way can reduce side effects.

Tell your pharmacist or doctor a%out any dietary supplementsor other medications you ta&e. +ome can

interact with your HIV medications.

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Nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs)%ind to the T protein. This disa%les it$ &eeping HIV from

ma&ing copies of itself.


#faviren-+ustiva/

4evirapine-Viramune/Delavirdine-escriptor/

#travirine-Intelence/

#durant -rilpivirine/

The FDA also approved two one0pill$ once0a0day products to treat HIV.Atriplacom%ines three different

T inhi%itors -efaviren 6 tenovir DF 6 emtricita%ine/. And *omplera is a com%ination

of Truvada-which com%ines the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhi%itors #mtrivaandViread/ and

the non0nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhi%itor #durant.

*. +rotease inhibitors (+I)interfere with an enyme that HIV uses to create infectious viral particles.

The FDA has approved these protease inhi%itors


Agenerase amprenavir APV

Aptivus tipranavir TPV

Crixivan indinavir IDV

Invirase saquinavir SQV

Kaletra lopinavir + ritonavir LPV

Lexiva fosamprenavir PV

!orvir ritonavir "TV

Pre#ista darunavir D"V

"e$ata# ata#anavir AT%

Vira&ept nel'navir !V

Ta&ing Invirase with 4orvir has %een lin&ed to a potentially seriousdrug interactioncausing an

a%normal heartrhythm. >our doctor may recommend heart monitoring.Also$ the FDA says that ta&ing

thehepatitis *drug Victrelis -%oceprevir/ and ritonavir -when also ta&ing ataanavir$ lopinavir$ or

darunavir/ can potentially reduce the effectiveness of these drugs. Ty%ost -co%icistat/ is a drug that

helps protease inhi%itors wor& %etter.
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16569/efavirenz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16567/sustiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-6268-NEVIRAPINE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=13802&drugname=Nevirapine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-13820/viramune+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1059&drugname=Delavirdine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1088&drugname=Rescriptor+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-149965/etravirine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149967-intelence+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144753/atripla+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-91482-truvada+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-76365-emtriva+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-22106-viread+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-rarehttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93657/aptivus+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93656/tipranavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12337/crixivan+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12320/indinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12027/invirase+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12029/saquinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-542-LOPINAVIR%2FRITONAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=19939&drugname=kaletra+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-1138-RITONAVIR+CAPSULE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=8436&drugname=Ritonavir+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77557/lexiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77548/fosamprenavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144586/prezista+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144580/darunavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76313/reyataz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76254/atazanavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3268-NELFINAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=491&drugname=viracept+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart/picture-of-the-hearthttp://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepc-guide/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16569/efavirenz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16567/sustiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-6268-NEVIRAPINE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=13802&drugname=Nevirapine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-13820/viramune+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1059&drugname=Delavirdine+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-7330-DELAVIRDINE+200+MG+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1088&drugname=Rescriptor+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-149965/etravirine+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149967-intelence+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144753/atripla+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-91482-truvada+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-76365-emtriva+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-22106-viread+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-rarehttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93657/aptivus+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93656/tipranavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12337/crixivan+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12320/indinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12027/invirase+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-12029/saquinavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-542-LOPINAVIR%2FRITONAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=19939&drugname=kaletra+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-1138-RITONAVIR+CAPSULE+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=8436&drugname=Ritonavir+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77557/lexiva+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-77548/fosamprenavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144586/prezista+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144580/darunavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76313/reyataz+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76254/atazanavir+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3268-NELFINAVIR+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=491&drugname=viracept+oralhttp://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/heart/picture-of-the-hearthttp://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/hepc-guide/default.htm

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,. -usion inhibitorshelp %loc& HIV's entry into healthy cells. At this time$ Fueon-enfuvirtide/$ #4F$

is the only one the FDA has approved.

. %ntr Inhibitorsalso help %loc& HIV's entry into healthy cells. *urrently$ maraviroc-+elentry/ is

the only FDA0approved drug$ %ut others are in late stage clinical trials.

0. Inte'rase inhibitors%loc& insertion of viral D4A into the host cell D4A.*urrently$ Isentress-raltegravir/$ Vite&ta -elvitegravir/$ and Tivicay -dolutegravir/ are the only FDA0

approved drugs$ %ut others are in clinical trials. Dolutegravir is part of a com%ination pill called

Triumeg$ which also includes a%acavir and lamivudine.

How to Ta&e HIV Drugs

There are many types of HIV drugs. >our doctor will provide you with specific directions for the

medications you ta&e. However$ remem%er these important points

Ta&e all your HIV medication e)actly as directed. 4ever even miss one dose. If you don't ta&e them as

directed$ you may develop resistant strains of HIV$ and your medication may stop wor&ing.

*hec& with your pharmacist or doctor a%out whether or not you should ta&e your medications on an

empty stomach. Ta&ing them the right way can reduce side effects.

Tell your pharmacist or doctor a%out any dietary supplementsor other medications you ta&e. +ome can

interact with your HIV medications.

Multi-class Combination Products

(rand )eneri& !ame

Approval

Date

Time to

Approval

Atripla efaviren#* emtri&itaine and tenofovir disoproxil

fumarate

,-./ul$.01 -23 mont4s

Comple

ra

emtri&itaine* rilpivirine* and tenofovir disoproxil

fumarate

,0.August.

,,

1 mont4s

Striild elvitegravir* &oi&istat* emtri&itaine* tenofovir

disoproxil fumarate

-5.August.

,-

1 mont4s
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-74979/fuzeon+subcutaneous/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-74978/enfuvirtide+subcutaneous/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148854/maraviroc+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148935/selzentry+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/clincial-trial-guide-patientshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149324-isentress+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149324-isentress+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-stomachhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/lifestyle-guide-11/supplement-faqhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/lifestyle-guide-11/supplement-faqhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Atripla&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202123s000lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202123s000lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/203100s000lbl.pdfhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-74979/fuzeon+subcutaneous/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-74978/enfuvirtide+subcutaneous/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148854/maraviroc+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148935/selzentry+oral/detailshttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/clincial-trial-guide-patientshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-149324-isentress+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-stomachhttp://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/lifestyle-guide-11/supplement-faqhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Atripla&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202123s000lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202123s000lbl.pdfhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/203100s000lbl.pdf

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Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs);

(rand

!ame

)eneri& !ame Approval

Date

Time to

Approval

Comivir lamivudine and #idovudine -5.Sep.65 726 mont4s

8mtriva emtri&itaine* TC 0-./ul.07 ,0 mont4s

8pivir lamivudine* 7TC ,5.!ov.63 929 mont4s

8p#i&om aa&avir and lamivudine 0-.Aug.09 ,0 mont4s

:ivid #al&itaine* dideox$&$tidine* ddC ;no longer

mar

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%erit stavudine* d9T -9./un.69 326 mont4s

%iagen aa&avir sulfate* A(C ,5.De&.6? 32? mont4s

(rand !ame )eneri& !ame Approval Date Time to Approval

8durant rilpivirine -0.>a$.,, ,0 mont4s

Intelen&e etravirine ,?./an.0? 1 mont4s

"es&riptor delavirdine* DLV 9.Apr.65 ?25 mont4s

Sustiva efaviren#* 8V ,5.Sep.6? 72- mont4s

Viramune;Immediate "elease= nevirapine* !VP -,./un.61 726 mont4s

Viramune ";8xtended "elease= nevirapine* !VP -3.>ar.,, 626 mont4s

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)


Agenerase amprenavir* APV ;no longer mar

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Crixivan indinavir* IDV* ,7.>ar.61 ,29 mont4s

ortovase saquinavir ;no longer marar.61 -27 mont4s

Pre#ista darunavir -7./un.01 1 mont4s

"e$ata# ata#anavir sulfate* ATV -0./un.07 1 mont4s

Vira&ept nel'navir mes$late* !V ,9.>ar.65 -21 mont4s

Fusion Inhibitors


u#eon enfuvirtide* T.-0 ,7.>ar.07 1 mont4s
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Crixivan&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Fortovase&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Invirase&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Kaletra&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Lexiva&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Norvir&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Prezista&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Reyataz&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Viracept&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Fuzeon&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Crixivan&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Fortovase&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Invirase&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Kaletra&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Lexiva&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Norvir&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Prezista&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Reyataz&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Viracept&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Fuzeon&SearchType=BasicSearch

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Entry Inhibitors - CCR5 co-receptor antagonist


Sel#entr$ maraviro& 01.August.05 ? mont4s

HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors


Isentress raltegravir ,-..@&t.05 1 mont4s

Tivi&a$ dolutegravir ,7.August.,7 1 mont4s

Antiviral dru'sare a class ofmedicationused specifically for treatingviral infections.@B!i&eanti%ioticsfor %acteria$

specific antivirals are used for specific viruses. Cnli&e most anti%iotics$ antiviral drugs do not destroy their

target pathogen instead they inhi%it their development.

Antiviral drugs are one class ofantimicro%ials$ a larger group which also includes anti%iotic-also termed

anti%acterial/$ antifungaland antiparasiticdrugs$@2Bor antiviral drugs %ased on monoclonal anti%odies.@B;ost

antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host$ and therefore can %e used to treatinfections. They should

%e distinguished fromviricides$ which are not medication %ut deactivate or destroy virus particles$ either inside or

outside the %ody. Antivirals also can %e found in essential oils of some her%s$ such aseucalyptus oiland its

constituents.@1B

Immunosuppressant drugs are a class of drugs that suppress or reduce thestrength of the %odyEs immune system. They are also called anti0re(ection drugs.

:ne of the primary uses of immunosuppressant drugs is to lower the %odyEs

a%ility to re(ect a transplanted organ$ such as a liver$ heart or &idney.
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Selzentry&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Isentress&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/204790s001lbl.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-urlMedmicro_Chapter_52-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_drughttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparasitichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacotherapyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viricidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-4http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Selzentry&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Isentress&SearchType=BasicSearchhttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/204790s001lbl.pdfhttp://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/AboutThisWebsite/WebsitePolicies/Disclaimers/default.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-urlMedmicro_Chapter_52-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_drughttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparasitichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacotherapyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viricidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#cite_note-4

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-httpwww.hop&inslupus.orglupus0treatmentlupus0

medicationsimmunosuppressive0medications/

hat "o the "ru's

Treat2Almost ever$one 4o re&eives an organ transplant 4as to ta

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hat "ru's Are 3sed2Immunosuppressant drugs &an e &lassi'ed into four &ategoriesF

a#at4ioprine ;Imuran= &$&losporine ;!eoral* Sandimmune* SangC$a=

mono&lonal antiodies* 4i&4 in&ludeF asilixima ;Simule&t=*

da&li#uma ;%enapax=* and muromona ;@rt4o&lone @KT7=

&orti&osteroids su&4 as prednisone ;Deltasone* @rasone=

>ost patients are pres&ried drugs from more t4an one &ategor$2

,art 1 of G ,rocedure

Ho4 Are the "ru'sAdministered2All immunosuppressant drugs are onl$ availale it4 a pres&ription

from a p4$si&ian2 T4e$ &an e administered as talets* &apsules*

liquids* and inEe&tions2 A p4$si&ian determines t4e est &ourse of

treatment using a &omination of drugs2 T4e goal of

immunosuppressant t4erap$ is to 'nd t4e &ourse t4at ill prevent

reEe&tion and 4ave t4e least 4armful side eHe&ts2

A person ta

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people 4o 4ave 4ad a transplant ill 4ave to ta

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Immunosuppressant drugs &an &ause adverse rea&tions and irt4

defe&ts2 P4$si&ians s4ould e made aare of t4e folloing &onditions

efore immunosuppressant drugs are pres&riedF

allergies

pregnan&$ la&tation

s4ingles or &4i&

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ma$ lose or even in&rease t4eir eHe&t2 T4e primar$ &aregiver s4ould e

made aare of an$ pres&ription or over.t4e.&ounter medi&ations t4eir

patients are ta

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!here are no exposure limits set for cytotoxic drugs. C&'$s position is that even lo"level exposure to cytotoxic

drugs should be avoided. !he only safe occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs is no exposure.

Tpes o6 $toto&ic "ru's

Cytotoxic drugs are po"erful chemotherapy medications used to kill cancerous cells. ifferent types of cytotoxic drugs interfere "ith

varying cellular activities to induce cell death, "ith most disrupting some aspect of cell replication. *f cancer cells cannot multiply, the

disease can potentially be controlled. %lthough cancer cells are the target of cytotoxic chemotherapy, these medicines also interact"ith healthy cells that are actively dividing.

Nucleoside Anta'onists

Cancerous tumors gro" by continuously replicatingthe process of one cell dividing into t"o ne" cells. %s a cell prepares to divide, it

makes a copy of its genetic material. Chemicals called nucleosides are the building blocks of the cell+s genetic material, or genome.

mory &niversity inship Cancer *nstitute explains that nucleoside antagonists are cytotoxic drugs that disrupt the genome copying

process, thereby preventing cell replication and lethally damaging the original cell. xamples of nucleoside antagonists include -

fluorouracil, mercaptopurine, arabinosylcytosine, capecitabine, clofarabine, cytarabine, dacarba/ine, fludarabine, gemcitabine and

nelarabine. !hese medications are frequently used to treat many types of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma and leukemia and

cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, endometrium, liver, lungs, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, rectum

and stomach.

Intercalatin' A'ents

*ntercalating agents are cytotoxic drugs that bind to a cell+s genetic material, arresting the copying process and distorting its chemical

structure, notes chemist Charles 0phardt, 'h.., of lmhurst College. 0xaliplatin, cisplatin and carboplatin are platinumcontaining

intercalating agents, "hich are frequently used in combination "ith other cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs. Combination therapy "ith

these agents may be used to treat cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, bone, brain, head and neck, breast, cervix, colon, rectum,

endometrium, esophagus, liver, lung, ovary and testicle.

#pindle Inhibitors

Cell replication, or mitosis, requires formation of a structure called a spindle, "hich provides the frame"ork for dividing the copied

genetic material bet"een the intended ne" cells. 1pindle inhibitors disrupt the formation of this essential structure, explains mory

&niversity inship Cancer *nstitute. 1pindle inhibitors include the taxane drugs docetaxel and paclitaxel, ixabepilone and the vinca

alkaloids vindesine, vincristine, vinorelbine and vinblastine. !hese drugs may be used alone or in combination therapy regimens for

cancers of the breast, colon, rectum, head and neck, stomach, ovary, lungs, prostate and testicle. 1pindle inhibitors are also used to

treat leukemias, lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas and neuroblastomas.

-olate Inhibitors

2olate inhibitors interfere "ith the production of the nucleosides required for copying genetic material for cell replication, notes

mory &niversity inship Cancer *nstitute. 3ethotrexate and pemetrexed are folate inhibitors often used for the treatment of

lymphoma, leukemia, choriocarcinoma, mesothelioma and cancers of the bone, bladder, head, neck, breast and lungs.

Antiioti&s

Class Generic/Brand

Lipopeptides Daptom$&in ;Cui&in=* -007

luoroquinolone )emiGoxa&in ;a&tive=* -007

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Lipogl$&opeptides Telavan&in ;Viativ=* -006

Cep4alosporin

;3t4 generation= Ceftaroline ;TeGaro=* -0,0

>a&ro&$&li&s idaxomi&in ;Di'&id=* -0,,

-Lactam Antibiotics

8eta0lactam anti%iotics include penicillins$ cephalosporins$ mono%actams$ and car%apenems.

Penicillins

Generic Brand Name

Amoxi&illin Amoxil* Pol$mox* Trimox* $mox

Ampi&illin

@mnipen* Pol$&illin* Pol$&illin.!* Prin&ipen*

Tota&illin

(a&ampi&illin Spe&troid

Careni&illin )eo&illin* )eopen

Cloxa&illin CloxapenDi&loxa&illin D$napen* D$&ill* Pat4o&il

lu&loxa&illin lopen* loxapen* Stap4&illin

>e#lo&illin >e#lin

!af&illin !af&il* !allpen* nipen

@xa&illin (a&to&ill* Prostap4lin

Peni&illin )

(i&illin L.A*

Cr$sti&illin 700 A2S2* Pentids* Permapen*

P'#erpen* P'#erpen.AS* $&illin

Peni&illin V(eepen.VK* (etapen.VK* Leder&illin VK* V.CillinK

Pipera&illin Pipra&il

Pivampi&illin

Pivme&illinam

Ti&ar&illin Ti&ar

Cehalosorins

Generic Brand Name

!irst Generation

Cefa&etrile ;&ep4a&etrile= Celospor* Celtol* Crista&ef

Cefadroxil ;&efadrox$l= Duri&ef* ltra&ef

Cefalexin ;&ep4alexin= KeGex* Kefta

Cefalogl$&in ;&ep4alogl$&in= Kefgl$&in

Cefalonium ;&ep4alonium=

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Cefaloridine ;&ep4aloradine=

Cefalotin ;&ep4alot4in= KeGin

Cefapirin ;&ep4apirin= Cefad$l

Cefatri#ine

Cefa#aGur

Cefa#edone

Cefa#olin ;&ep4a#olin= An&ef* Kef#ol

Cefradine ;&ep4radine= Velosef

Cefroxadine

Cefte#ole

"econd Generation

Cefa&lor Ce&lor* Ce&lor CD* Dista&lor* KeGor* "ani&or

Cefamandole >andol

Cefmeta#ole

Cefoni&id >ono&id

Cefotetan Cefotan

Cefoxitin >efoxin

Cefpro#il ;&efproxil= Cef#il

Cefuroxime Ceftin* Kefurox* %ina&ef* %innat

Cefu#onam

Third Generation

Cef&apene

Cefdaloxime

Cefdinir @mni&ef* Cefdiel

Cefditoren Spe&tra&ef

Cefetamet

Ce'xime Suprax

Cefmenoxime Cefmax

Cefodi#ime

Cefotaxime Claforan

Cefpimi#ole

Cefpodoxime Vantin

Cefteram

Ceftiuten Cedax

Ceftiofur 8x&ede

Ceftiolene

Cefti#oxime Ce'#ox

Ceftriaxone "o&ep4in

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Cefopera#one Cefoid

Cefta#idime Cepta#* ortum* orta#* Ta#i&ef* Ta#idime

!ourth Generation

Cef&lidine

Cefepime >axipime

CeGuprenam

Cefoselis

Cefo#opran

Cefpirome Cefrom

Cefquinome

!i#th Generation

Ceftoiprole %eftera

Ceftaroline TeGaro

Not Classi$ed

Cefa&lome#ine

Cefaloram

Cefaparole

Cef&anel

Cefedrolor

Cefempidone

Cefetri#ole

Ce'vitril

Cefmatilen

Cefmepidium

Cefove&in

Cefoxa#ole

Cefrotil

Cefsumide

Cefura&etime

Ceftioxide

Combinations

Cefta#idimeBAvia&tam Av$&a#

%onobactams

Generic Brand Name

A#treonam A#a&tam* Ca$ston

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Carbaenems

Generic Brand Name

Imipenem*

ImipenemB&ilastatin Primaxin

Doripenem Doriax

>eropenem >errem

8rtapenem Invan#

%acrolide Antibiotics

Generic Brand Name

A#it4rom$&in %it4romax

8r$t4rom$&inClarit4rom$&in (iaxin

Dirit4rom$&in D$naa&

"oxit4rom$&in "ulid* Surlid

etolides

Telit4rom$&in Keteaxaquin

!adiGoxa&in A&uatim* !adoxin* !adixa

!orGoxa&in Lexinor* !oroxin* Quinai&* /ana&in

@Goxa&in loxin* @xaldin* Tarivid

PeGoxa&in PeGa&ine

"uGoxa&in roGox

Third Generation

(aloGoxa&in (aloxin

)atiGoxa&in Tequin* %$mar

)repaGoxa&in "axar

LevoGoxa&in Cravit* Levaquin

>oxiGoxa&in Avelox* Vigamox

Pa#uGoxa&in Pasil* Pa#u&ross

SparGoxa&in %agam

TemaGoxa&in @mniGox

TosuGoxa&in @#ex* Tosa&in

!ourth Generation

(esiGoxa&in (esivan&e

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ClinaGoxa&in

)emiGoxa&in a&tive

SitaGoxa&in )ra&evit

TrovaGoxa&in Trovan

PruliGoxa&in Quisnon

"ul#onamides

Generic Brand Name

Sulfamet4i#ole T4iosul'l orte

Sulfamet4oxa#ole )antanol* roa

hiv drugs

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