hkuee green energy project managementwork6092/lecture4.pdf · full commercialization ... • evs...

HKUEE Green Project Management Course ELEC6092

Ir. C M Mak

November, 2011

1 ELEC6092 Green Project Management

Lecture 4 Smart Grid, Project Management and Review

Review of Lecture 3: – Sustainable Green Mobility Development

• EV for sustainable mobility – Range and emission – Fuel Cell initiative – charging system

• EV and Smart Grid development – International effort in exploring a more intelligent grid to

accommodate renewable energy and various time of use demand

– Policy to support Green Mobility • HKSAR’s Green Transportation Initiative and Proposed

Targets • ADB and MOT Collaborative Project for Optimal Road

Development for China • 3 areas of concern addressed by 8 Policy Recommendations,

3 Guidelines, 1 Handbook and 1 Technical Note



28TH May 2010

3

ELEC6092 Green Project Management Lecture 4 Smart Grid, Project Management and Review

Commercialization Scenario

for FCVs and H2 Stations in Japan

Source: Fuel Cell Commercialization of Japan (FCCJ)

2010 2011 2025 2026 2015 2016

•Solving technical issues and promotion of

review regulations (Verifying & reviewing development progress as needed)

•Verifying utility of FCVs

and H2 stations from socio-economic

viewpoint

Year Note: Vertical axis indicates the relative scale between vehicle number & station number.

Contribute to diversity of

energy sources and

reduction of CO2 emissions

Phase 1

Technology

Demonstration

【JHFC-2】

Phase 2

Technology & Market

Demonstration

【Post JHFC】【Starting Period】

Phase 3

Early Commercialization

【Expansion Period】

Phase 4

Full Commercialization

【Profitable business Period】

H2 S

tati

on

Nu

mb

er

Ve

hic

le N

um

be

r

Determine specifications of

commercial type H2 stations

Begin building

commercial type H2 stations

Increase of FCV numbers through

introduction of more vehicle models

Period in which preceded H2 station

building is necessary

•Expanding production and sales of FCVs while maintaining convenience of FCV users

•Reducing costs for H2 stations and hydrogen fuel

•Continuously conducting technology development and review of regulations

Costs for H2 station construction and

hydrogen reach targets, making the station

business viable.

(FCV 2,000 units/station)

Approx. 1,000 H2 stations*

Approx. 2 million FCVs*

* Precondition: Benef it for FCV users (price/convenience etc.) are secured, and FCVs are widely and smoothly deployed

4 ELEC6092 Green Project Management Lecture 4 Smart Grid, Project Management and Review

EV Chargers

EV Charger

AC charger (100V/200V) for daily use DC charger (rapid charging) for emergency use

AC 200 V (TOYOTA INDUSTRIES

CORPORATION)

Natural gas

Coal

Biomass

Renewable

energy

Nuclear

Power Grid

100V / 200V

Rapid charging

DC 500 V (HASETEC Corporation)

AC

DC

Power Generation

EV


Connection

(current and voltage)

Maximum energy

delivered per hour

(kWh)

“Charge speed” kM/hour

(Assume city range

18 kWh/100kM)

10A, 220V 2.2 12

16A, 220V 3.5 19

32A, 220V 7 39

16A, 380V (3 phase) 10.5 58

32A, 380V (3 phase) 21 117

A.C. Charging Power Levels

Technology has enabled higher capacity a.c. on board chargers

International standards (IEC and SAE) are or will be available

•Reasonably high power levels attainable with a.c. charging enables effective

and adequate “opportunity top up” in short intervals

•Infrastructure can support if planned earlier to avoid rework in future

EV Infrastructure standard for Sustainable Road Mobility

6

Proposed IEC 62196-2 plug and socket systems

• Locking feature disallow unplugging during charging

• Communication link between EV and source provided for smart charging

• Same connector geometry for all current levels, contacts of same diameter

• Different Technologies to reduce insertion force for lower power to lower cost

IEC 62196-2 plug and socket can be a standard for general application

beside 13A socket and Rapid Chargers, Trial Test recommended

Source: e-mobility Infrastructure Standardization, 2009 ZEV Technology Symposium, Sacramento, CA

EV Infrastructure standard for Sustainable Road Mobility

7


1. CONTEXT AND GENERAL OVERVIEW • Smart grid:

• electricity delivery system, which transports, converts and distributes the power efficiently, integrated with communications and information networks.

• Goal of smart grid: power generation and power consumption balancing assistance.

• EVs recharging operation on the electric grid new grid constraints ?!

• Favourable politico-economic context development of PV power plants

• grid-connected system with a total and permanent energy injection

• smart grid absence and power back grid capacity.

• Solution: EVs charged directly from renewable energy sources

• EV recharge during the daylight recharging with PV energy.

8

8000m² PV panels

1.15 MWp

1.4 GWh/year

Electricity should be consumed where, when, and how it is generated, with minimum electric losses.


HKSAR Government Proposal for 2020 Fuel Mix

Fuel mix 2009

Gas 23%

Coal 54%

Nuclear 23%

Proposal for 2020

Gas 40%

Coal <10%

Nuclear 23%

Energy Supply Gap

RE 3-4%

50% Nuclear Is there a better alternative?

CLP’s Climate Vision 2050 CO2 Emissions

Intensity

0.8 (kg CO2/kWh)

0.7 (kg CO2/kWh)

0.45 (kg CO2/kWh)

0.2 (kg CO2/kWh)

0.84 (kg CO2/kWh)

Towards The Future

Energy Efficiency & Conservation

Renewable

Energy

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Clean Coal

By

Non-carbon Emitting

20% (non-carbon)

5% (renewables)

Ongoing Review of

Target

2007

2010

2020

2035

2050

>75%

~5%

>45%

2010 (end Q2): • ~15% renewables • ~19% non-carbon

Sustainable Road Mobility


Reliability CO2 Emissions

Coal

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Price Public concerns

Is there a Perfect Fuel ?

Solar

Wind

Hydro


ADB and MOT Collaborative Report

Background:

• PRC has developed rapidly its road infrastructure in the last 2 decades, and in 2007, highways network > 3.58million kM, with 53,900kM expressways.

• Land has been used for road, particularly farmland.

• How to ensure sustainable road infrastructure development is PRC’s top priority.

13



Objectives: • Contributes to develop Green Transport to support

sustainable economic development without sacrificing the local and global environment.

• Aims at providing society with a transport system that leaves a smaller footprint, uses less energy, produces less CO2 and other harmful pollutants.

• Enhances Careful Planning and sympathetic design key elements – Decrease land use, especially farm land, – Increase energy efficiency through operational improvements – Reduces harmful pollutants by appropriate energy pricing and

socially assessment of alternatives including environmental impacts in economic analysis.




• An in-depth study financed by ADB and implemented by MOT of PRC on Resources Optimization in the Road Sector of 1 1/2years work.

• An executive summary, a main report with analysis and 8 policy recommendations, 3 guidelines, a handbook and a technical note, addressing

• 3 Main areas of concern:

– Energy Savings and Climate Change

– Road Planning and Land Use

– Freight Transport Operation Efficiency

15



8 Comprehensive Policy Recommendations Framework and Action with Implementation Responsibility and expected Impact on the 3 concerned areas.

(1) Develop comprehensive transport

(2) Optimize road Network structure

(3) Improve project development and design

(4) Information technology database and modern fleet development

(5) Modify vehicles standards

(6) Manage transport demands

(7) Innovate financing

(8) Enhance human resources training

16



3 Guidelines, 1 Handbook and 1 Technical Note Guideline 1: Advanced Analysis in Road Project

Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment for Energy Savings and CO2 Reduction.

Guideline 2: Land Saving in Road Construction - Farmland Protection.

Guideline 3: Information System Development for Provincial Road Freight Transport Administration.

Handbook: Awareness of Climate Change and Eco2- Transport. ( Eco-nominal, and Eco-logical transport, including economic driving and training).

Technical Note: Option for Freight Terminal Development and Management.

17





Class Discussion:

(1) Based on the framework of the Report, divide into 8 groups, each group discuss 1 of the recommended Policy and Action. Try to discuss the contents in the context of sustainable development.

(2) Present your group’s findings to the class.




Course Work Assignment (30%), to be submitted before 30 November, 2011 :

Based on the class discussion and the ADB and MOT Report Summary, write a short essay to discuss the recommendations in the Collaborative Report for Optimal Road Infrastructure and Mobility Development in the Sustainable Mobility Development context.




Course Work Assignment (30%), to be submitted before 30 November, 2011.

[Agreed on 26 November, 2011 to submitted before 6pm, 3 Dec., 2011 to Mr. Charlie Wang, TA and copied to Mr. CM Mak ,lecturer for the course. The contact for Charlie (mobile: 69921209) is [email protected] , office at Room 807, Chew Yet Ching Building]

Your essay (not more than 5xA4 pages) should include: • an introduction to SD and its 3 basic elements (8 marks) • key points of the report (8 marks) • comments on each of the 8 recommendations (each 8 marks) • A conclusion with your view of the value and further

suggestions to the entire report for PRC in developing Sustainable Road Mobility. ( 16marks)

• 4 marks or part of it will be given to good organization and presentation of your findings.

mailto:[email protected]

Lecture 4

Smart Grid Development

…Until recently, the term Smart Grid still

has many different interpretations …



22

SMART GRID and ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

Edison designed the entire electrical system down to the wall

outlet, and in 1881 established the first electric power company.

As demand for electricity increased, economies of scale with

prices declined were called for,

In the 1930s, isolated power systems melded into interconnected

systems.

In the 1950s and 1960s, isolated systems were converted to larger

regional pools.

– bulk delivery over long distances

– originated at large generating plants

Adapted from ICEE- July 2011, Dr. Mohammad Shahidehpour, Vice President, IEEE PES Governing Board, USA , Director, Galvin

Center for Electricity Innovation, IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA,

23

Restructuring

TRANSCO

GENCO

DISCO

Power System

GENCO GENCO

GENCO

GENCO

GENCO

Tie-Lines

Tie-Lines

DISCO

DISCO

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 23

ELEC6092 Green Project Management

Lecture 4 Smart Grid, Project Management and

Review


24

Brief Discussion of Open Market

• History of electric power networks’ corporatisation and then privatization, with different agenda in the 90’s

• The trial operation of such new business model appeared not successful in many countries, with results of high price and unreliable power supply.

• The physical restrictions of the power network was one of the factors to be considered.

• Electricity has also become an daily necessity for the community and so reliable and affordable supply is essential to ensure sustainable development [Reference: “Power Play - The fight for control of the world’s electricity” by Sharon Beder of the University of Wollongong, Australia. Note: Professor Beder argued that the track record of electricity privatization and deregulation around the world indicates that it is a confidence trick, and she shows how simplistic ideology and economic theory have been used to mask the pursuit of self interest, ….how an essential public service has been turned into a speculative commodity in the name of ‘reform’. ]

Demand Growth and the Electric Power Infrastructure Development

Supply Adequacy :

• Reliable Fuel and Generating sources development (Coal,

Hydro, NG, Nuclear, etc)

Network Development:

• Expansion of transmission facilities, coordination of energy

infrastructures, HVDC for long distance, PMUs

• Distribution network and new equipment, new building

technologies

Safety, Reliability, Security,, Economical and Environmental

• Energy efficiency, price response, peak load reduction,

pumped storage

• Renewable energy, carbon footprints reduction

25

Economic advancement, technology break through, environmental concerns, and more importantly, the need to prevent and self heal from physical and cyber attack and damages, demand the vital infrastructure to progress to meet sustainable growth.

Smart grid is a response to economic, security, and environmental mandates placed on energy supply and delivery

Smart Grid started with intelligent metering, gradually employed more sophisticated IT and communication systems for wide area measurements with applications to coordinate security automation, renewable energy and storage technologies.

AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) and AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) were the first initiative to provide enhanced demand side management services in 1980's.

The need to deploy Renewable Energy emerged when energy storage means become more feasible - from pumped storage station to battery, strongly support the further development of smart grid, from concept to reality.

Why and What is a Smart Grid?

26

AMI refers to systems that:

• measure, collect and analyse energy usage

• interact with advanced devices such as smart meters through various communication media either on

request or on pre-defined schedules

AMI enables: • Automatic Meter Reading

• Time of Use

• Demand Response

• Home Area Network

• Outage management

• Electric Vehicle charging,

• Renewable Energy on-grid, etc.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI

AMI deployment in the world has different business drivers, pace and scale

Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI

http://us.lge.com/products/model/detail/home appliances_cooking_electric ranges_LRE30755.jhtml

USA & Canada Over 58m smart meters planned to be installed in next 10 years 800,000 2-way smart meters Installed in Ontario, Canada, with 5m to be completed by 2010

Australia Victoria, has started to deploy 2.6m smart meters

Italy Project for 30m 2-way electricity meters at a cost of €2.2bn

Sweden Currently underway and plan to install 5.2m 2-way meters

UK Replace 100% residential meters with smart meters by 2020

PG&E -USA Replace 9.8m meters with smart meters

Significant investment on AMI by utilities worldwide deployments are driven to improve operational efficiency, enable demand response, defer generation investment and enable more proactive energy management

AMI - World Trend

29

Wind Integration and Infrastructure Planning

30

Offshore Wind Infrastructure Planning

Floating wind farms

Norway set up world’s first floating wind farm in 2009

2.3MW wind turbine

65m tower above the sea

100m beneath surface

12km south east from Norwegian coast at 220m water depth

Prototype into operation in 2009.

Grid Access of Offshore Wind Power

Pumped Storage Operation

Typical Daily Demand Curve

Pumping overnight

pump at system minimum

Store up the cheap energy by pumping and store the energy in the upper reservoir

Generating at daytime

Generating at Peak demand

Overall efficiency about 70%

00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00

pumping

Economical PS

generation

00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00

pumping

Economical PS

generation


The strategic role of power grids

in the implementation of a

European Energy policy

André MERLIN

President of CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems)

33

1. Towards a low carbon energy and sustainable development


The European Union objective:

Reduction of CO2 emission in the atmosphere

Security of supply by limiting dependence on fossil fuels

Completion of structuring electricity and gas internal

markets

34

34


EU-27 (TWh) 2005

(%)

2020 Baseline*

(%)

2020 green New policy*

(%)

Fossil-fuel 1790 54,6 2201 54,1 1489 42,6

Nuclear 998 30,5 977 24,0 911 26,1

Renewables 488 14,9 887 21,8 1094 31,3

3276 4065 3494

(*)100 $/b (Source : European Commission 11/2008)

2. The predominant role of electricity in the new power context

Gross electricity generation of the EU as in its 2nd strategic energy plan

35

35


Gross electricity generation of the EU

and the wind energy in the electricity

mix in 2020

2/3 from low carbon sources:

• 1/3 from nuclear energy

• 1/3 from renewables:

Wind energy:13% of total mix, i.e, more than

500 TWh out of a total of 4 000 TWh

• Between 200 and 250 GW of wind capacity would

be connected to the grid out of a total of 1000 GW

36

3. The strategic role of power system networks


Such a drastic change in power systems will require a strong evolution of power grids …

To enable the integration of large quantity of

intermittent energy (wind and solar)

To increase the security of supply by mutual back-

up of neighbouring member state power grids and

regional systems

To achieve a better integration of the EU electricity

market

37

37

Infrastructure development of electricity transmission

: four major strategic projects of the EU


Plants and lines in the

solar plan of UfM

Projects : Inelfe,

SAPEI, Fréjus

North seas wind

area

EU member – states (2009)

Union for Mediterranean

area (UfM)

DC current lines :

IFA 2000, SACOI

Transmission lines Local Distribution

Poland - Lituania

1

2

4

3

South-East

Interconnections

38

38

The two main strategic directions for the power grid of the future


SUPER GRIDS

Ultra High Voltage in AC and DC

SMART GRIDS

More intelligence in the grid

39

39

The smart grids


Transmission grids are intelligent since the 1960’s

More decentralized production in distribution

networks : active distribution grids

Intelligent metering devices enabling greater

energy efficiency for end consumers

More coordination in the operation of the

European electric systems, through greater

integration of intelligence the transmission

systems

40

40

4. The role of CIGRE in this context


To facilitate the sharing of information and of

experience at the World level between the

actors of the power systems : operators,

manufacturers, regulators, grid users, …

To stimulate innovation through the

participation of engineers, experts and

academics to support the electric power

industry,

41

41

42

China Southern Grid (CSG)

Development Perspective on Smart Grid


43

Features

43

Yun Nan

Gui Zhou

Guang

dong

Hai Nan

Guang Xi

21.25GW

5.8GW

8.15GW

Three Gorge

34% of GD Load

8 AC + 5 DC from west to east

•Hybrid Operation of AC/DC (8AC+5DC)

•Long Distance (>1000km)

•Ultra High Voltage (±800kV)

•Bulk Capacity (>23GW)


To improve safety and stability of power grids

To improve asset management and efficiency

To improve energy efficiency and customer service

To optimize energy resource allocation in wide areas

To develop a resource-intensive and environment-

friendly society

Network Development Objectives



45

Strategy: Integration of power systems with

• Computer • Communication • Control

to develop a

• Smart • Efficient • Reliable • green power grid



Demand-side management

Energy saving analysis and diagnosis

Energy efficiency support centers

Energy efficiency equipment application

EV

518 charging points, 12 charging stations

Battery EV：93 (Bus 38, Taxi 50, Private 5)

Hybrid EV：952 (Bus 641, Taxi 0, Private 311)

Customer Side-Current Status



BMS

SCADA

Power

Converter

Advance

Control

P

Q

Battery

Module

Customer Side-Current Status

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

Located in Shenzhen, 4000m2

Li-Ion Battery, 3MW x 4hrs in service

to 10MW x 4hrs in the future

BESS Functions

1.Voltage control

2.Frequency control

3.Peak shaving

4.Black start

5.System damping

6.Power quality improvement

7.System reserve

8.Renewable energy integration



48

Green Action

CSG initiative to share sustainable development concept, practice and

energy saving actions to the public:

Promote clean energy and renewable energy integration to grid

Improve power system efficiency and energy saving

Improve customer service and demand side management

Cooperate with other industries to develop a low carbon society, such as EV

Energy efficiency management

AMI Demo

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

Development of the large-scale BESS control system

Development of modulated BESS

Customer Side-Plans


49

Customer Side-Plans

EV Strategy

CSG will focus on battery swapping mode, with charging modes to

support, due to

Lower EV price

Significant less capital investment in distribution system upgrade

Reduce land resources

Improve security of the power grids

EV swapping centers to be built in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and

Haikou



China-Singapore Knowledge City

Demo Projects

Located in northeast Guangzhou, 123 km2

A comprehensive demo of advanced smart grid technologies, to optimize energy efficiency and improve system reliability

20kV distribution network

Distributed generation and renewable energy

Micro-grids

Advanced distribution automation

Energy conservation in building

Energy Storage and EV

Ice thermo storage



Zhuhai Hengqin Island

Demo Projects

To develop a reliable and efficient green power grid with high power quality, in order to seamlessly integrate multi-type distributed resources

20kV distribution network

Plug in and plug out of DG

Roof-mounted PV power systems

Asset life-cycle management

Condition monitoring of underground cable

Power quality monitoring and control



Smart Grid Development

With two-way communications between consumers and suppliers, both parties can get far more control over the grid consumption, and physical and cyber security

• Smart grid provides access points that can be identified, much like computer devices, with an IP address on the internet

• Smart grid uses the internet protocol to shuttle information back and forth between the utility and customers

Smart Grid is a digitally enabled electrical network that gathers, distribute, and acts on information about the behavior of participants ( suppliers and customers) in order to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of electrical services.

V2H V2G application in conjunction with RE and C reduction



Smart Grid How a SG works?

Characteristics of SG

• Characteristics & performance of SG

• Self-healing from power disturbance events

• Enabling active participation by consumers in demand response

• Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack

• Providing power quality for 21st century needs

• Accommodating all generation and storage options

• Enabling new products, services, and markets

• Optimizing assets and operating efficiently

ELEC6092 Green Project Management Lecture 4 Smart Grid, Project

Management and Review 54

The TenStep Project Management

The TenStep Project Management


55

Process View: Initiate Plan Execute Close Monitor and Control The Ten Steps for Project Management are: Initiate Plan (1) Define the Work (2) Build the Schedule and Budget Manage (3) Manage the Schedule and Budget (4) Manage Issues (5) Manage Scope (6) Manage Communication (7) Manage Risk (8) Manage Human Resources (9) Manage Quality and Metrics (10)Manage Procurement Close An open website introducing the Ten Step for Project Management, Reference site: www.tenstep.com for free membership enrolment

http://www.tenstep.com/

EV Charging System and Smart Grid

• Charging Standards – AC charging

– DC charging

• EV charging and the Power Grid – Grid demand curve

– Peak shaving and Trough filling objectives

– Two way communication

• Smart Grid Development – Various objectives and various definitions

– Key stakeholders

– Progress worldwide



Revision Course outline

• Climate Change and Sustainable Development

• Sustainable Green Mobility Development

• Policies and Practical Examples

• Smart Grid

• Green Transportation Project Management



References

1. “Project Management”, Jeffrey K. Pinto, Pearson

2. “Challenge Bibendum Booklets”,

http://www.michellinchanllegebibendum.com

3. “Green Transport, Resources Optimization in the Road Sector in the People’s Republic of China”,

ADB and MOT Collaborative Report, March 2009

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Green-Transport/Green



http://www.chanllegebibendum.com/




Objectives and Approach for the course (1) Understand through discussion key concepts in Climate Change, Global

Warming, and Sustainable Development (2) Understand the context of Sustainable Mobility Development, discuss

the technology challenge, recent advances, trend and possible way forward.

(3) Use local and external examples to illustrate how green transportation projects can be managed, discuss the possible obstacles that needed to be overcome with regard to finance, project quality, future operation sustainability.

(4) Discuss briefly how Government Policies can support and expedite Green Transport Projects, drawing reference to the ADB and MOT Collaborative Report for Green Transport for China.

Assessment: (1) There will be one course work to be submitted (30%), assignment to be

given in Lecture 2 and discussed in Lecture 3, then submitted after 3 days.

(2) A two hour examination in December, this part will be Part B of the exam paper as Part A will be the common course with MEBS6003. (70%)

