hla oo's blog_ bengali-muslims’ mujahid insurgency (1948-1954)

7/27/2019 Hla Oo's Blog_ Bengali-Muslims Mujahid Insurgency (1948-1954)

1/8

0Share More Next Blog Create Blog Sign
http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/home#createhttp://www.blogger.com/next-blog?navBar=true&blogID=4404712313414221928http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/the-scourge-of-burma/11169121http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/song-for-irrawaddy/11176973


2/8

8/26/13 Hla Oo's Blog: Bengali-Muslims Mujahid Insurgency (1948-1954)

hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/bengali-muslims-mujahid-insurgency-1948.html

The massive Bengali population

starving from frequently occurring

famines in India was one of the main

reasons for that relentless tide of

Bengali Muslims into the Arrakan.

In 1939 the British colonial

government established a

Commission of Inquiry to investigate

the rapid increase of Bengali-Muslims

in the Arrakan from 30,000 in 1825

to 217 ,800 in 1930. That Commission

reported back that there would beracial strife between the Yakhine-

Buddhists and Bengali-Muslims in a

very near futur e if the relent less

Muslim tide across the border wasnt

stopped or restricted at least.

And the rac ial tro uble s betwee n the

Buddhist natives and the Muslim

newcomers were simmering and finally blew up as the Second World War had reached

Burma and the Arrakan became a dangerous no-man land between the Imperial Japanese

army and massive British 14th army facing off on the I ndia-Burma borde r.

First Bengali-Muslim Riots (1942)

During sudden British withdrawal from Burma in 1942 there were many war weapons and

ammunitions left by the withdrawing British forces in the A rrakan. The arms from Burmeseand Karen troops of British army were left with the Buddhist Yakhines (Arr akanese) and the

Indian soldiers into the hands of Bengali-Muslim crowd in the Maungdaw-Butheetaung area.

That abundance of war weapons

eventually ignited the first Buddhist-

Muslim race r iots in the A rrakan in mid

1942. The disturbances started from the

cases of violent robbery committed by

the armed Buddhist Yakhines against

the Indian refugees fleeing from the

Japanese army in Burma through the

Taunggup Pass.

The armed Y akhine Buddhists were also

attacking and lootings the neighboring

Bengali-Muslim villages and thehostilities broke out into a full scale

riots as foreseen by the British

Commission of Inquiry as the armed

Bengali-Muslims retaliated by attacking

and looting the Buddhist Yakhine

v illage s.

Even the Yakhine District administrator

ICS (Indian Civil Servic e) U Kyaw Khine was killed by the Bengalis and countless number o f

Y akhine s had to flee into e ithe r the British-co ntro lled Chit ago ng ter rito ry or dee p down into

the Southern Arrakan as the genocidal Bengali Muslims there cleansed the Yakhines and

destroyed all the remaining Buddhist villages in their predominantly-Muslim are of

Maungdaw and Butheetaung.

By late 1942 the whole Maungdaw-Butheetauung territory was firmly in the hands of armed

Bengali-Muslims.

BIA Attempts to Reclaim Burma's Lost Territory

At the beg inning of Japanese

occupation of Burma Bo Yan Aung-

led BIA (Burmese Independence

Ar my ) units in Ar raka n tried

unsuccessfully to recapture the lost

territory from the Muslims.

Two senior BIA officers Bo Yan

Naung and Bo Myo Nyunt were

killed in Maungdaw by the Bengali-

Muslims and BIA attempts for

reconciliation between Yakhine-

Dead on the streets during 1 94 3 Bengal Famine.

A st ar v in g ch il d i n East -Pa ki st a n (Ba n g la de sh ).

Burmese Prostitutes ofMaesot acr ossMyawaddy (2)

(This post is translationof news article from th eMyanmar Express

Group.) A busy street in Mae Sot(2012). This was what Ko Aung...

Vi cious Leba nese-Muslim Crime-GangsRunning Sy dney?

(Thi s post is formerSydney police detectiv eTim Priests article Th e

Rise of Middle Eastern Crime inAu str al ia from Th e Mack enzie Inst i.. .

Bangladeshi IslamistsCalling To Expel All

Buddhists!(This article by NozrulIslam is direct from the

Asia New s.IT on 7 Mar ch201 3.) Bangla deshi Islamists BurningBuddhists. Dhaka (...

Bangladeshi MuslimsBurn Buddhist Templesin Ramu

(This post is direct fromThe news.com.au on 30September 2012 .)

THOUSANDS of rioters hav e torchedBuddhist tem ples and homes in...

Russian Submarines ForBurma N av y : Kilos OrFoxtrots?

(Concise translation ofnews article direct fromMyanmar Military on

11 July 2 013.) Bangladeshi Frigateconfronting Burm ese Ships (2...

Burmese Prostitutes ofMaesot acr ossMyawaddy (1 )

(This post is translationof news article from th eMyanmar Express

Group.) A Burm ese brothel in Mae Sot,Thailand. My parents c...

Dark Parkway

(The tru e ghost story ofnotorious WakehurstParkway in SydneysNorthern Beaches.)

This Week Most Popular Posts
http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2010/11/dark-parkway.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/01/burmese-prostitutes-of-maesot-across.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/07/russian-submarines-for-burma-navy-kilos.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/09/this-post-is-direct-from-news.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/03/bangladeshi-islamists-calling-to-expel.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/12/vicious-lebanese-muslim-crime-gangs.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/01/burmese-prostitutes-of-maesot-across_24.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2010/11/dark-parkway.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/01/burmese-prostitutes-of-maesot-across.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/07/russian-submarines-for-burma-navy-kilos.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/09/this-post-is-direct-from-news.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/03/bangladeshi-islamists-calling-to-expel.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/12/vicious-lebanese-muslim-crime-gangs.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/01/burmese-prostitutes-of-maesot-across_24.htmlhttp://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=Ciq14kiQbUvmGNcS7kAXn2oGABr_05q0D1_K4zHWjlam_OBABINeh-yNQtLalovj_____AWBpoAHlur_8A8gBAqgDAcgD0QSqBMcBT9DfNFyLEamT7rShkV5SNzXO6EzsiuO7Dr5XkwUWjoG2-AfMrPQskAhKl6eqhOnSXCvVmYV96VbldGaSG_6zz8LCPvaX-9-nyI-MAv8P1oNmechmSlVq_k1BVyUJJQRhZEhkDyB69CMGe9BaogoNsufY1ToPb8QYQC7jjeSyqgFy_czGLOG3nvuKpa3Tu9nTAUMif_SpXPKR1du5qW0WcLp7W2d0yJADBYV2E1ANellIwT0C4PQb6s5vbnItBonfCJ2ii4traIgGAaAGAoAHg8XAAw&num=1&cid=5GgEPHPL3qqyHLm8gBSpX9D6&sig=AOD64_2Al8wi0EMn0GrJJ1IJb-7odsOMng&client=ca-pub-9589422948406172&adurl=https://www.gsn.com/cgi/account/register.html%3Fad_id%3D21vyi%26reg_key%3Ddealornodeal%26mkt_partnertag%3Dgdn_remhttp://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/burma-in-limbo/10574794http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VYRFIDQdlBg/T95PlZ5IyrI/AAAAAAAAC1w/0zPJkqC0fTc/s1600/BengalFamine1943-2.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8KT-_YKXvOQ/T95OOmfX_lI/AAAAAAAAC1Y/lebCIPpybEs/s1600/BengalFamine1943.jpg


3/8



Buddhists and Bengali-Muslims had

failed miserably .

From 1942 till the British recapture

of Burma in 1945 Bengali-Muslims

had completely controlled the

Maungdaw-Butheetaung region and

the illegal mass immigration

continued unabated.

Beginning of the

Mujahidin Insurgency

(1947)

During the British Military

Administ rat ion per iod after the British re-o cc upation o f Bur ma the Y akhine refugees from

both Chitago ng a rea and other parts of Ar rakan were res ett led bac k int o the ir old v illage s

with the he lp of Brit ish ar my .

But the Bengali-Muslims now oc cupying the old Y akhine villages had refused to accept the

original native Yakhins and by violent means created a hostile environment for the

returnees as they now believed in their make-believe dream of creating a strict Muslim

enclave r uled by the Sharia Law in the Maungdaw-Butheetaung region as a part o f the newly-

established East-Pakistan (Now Bangladesh).

An Islamic militant party Jami-a -tul Ulema -e Islam led by the Chairm an Omra Meah was

formed. And with the material support of Ulnar Mohammad Muzahid Khan and Molnar

Ibrahim from Pakistan the Mujahidin insurgency was initiated to invad e Arr akan and absorbthe land into the East-Pakistan.

The Mujahid armed insurgents began their subversive activities in the Maungdaw-North

area and later ex panded into the Maungdaw-South region. A long-term criminal and major

rice-smuggler named A bdul Kasim was the leader o f Mujahid in Maungdaw-South.

Bengali-Muslims Bloody Jihad on Burma

(Following is excerpt from Dr. Aye Chans Paper On the Mujahid Rebellion in Arrakan

read in the International Conference of Southeast Asian Studies at Pusan University of

Fore ign Studie s, Repu blic of Kore a on June 2 -3 , 20 11 .)

The Mujahids of Chittagonian Muslims

from North Arakan declared jihad on

Burma after the central government

refused to grant a separate Muslim statein the two townships, Buthidaung and

Maungdaw that lie along the East

Pakistani (present-day Bangladeshi)

borde r.

The Mujahid movement launched before

Burma gained independence and hassled

the resettlement program for the refugees

in the Buthidaung and Maungdaw

Townships. During the war, the A rakanese

inhabitants of Buthidaung and Maungdaw

were for ce d to leav e their h ome s.

The people of Buthidaung fled to

Kyauktaw and Minbya where the

Ar akane se wer e the majo rity. TheAr akane se from Maungda w were

evacuated to Dinajpur in East Bengal by

the British officials. Even though the

British administration was reestablished after the war, the Arakanese were unable to return

to their homes.

Following exce rpt is from the Report o f the Commissioners Office of Arakan, dated the 1 8th

April, 19 47 (The Nat ional Archiv es, Lo ndon, FO 643/ 7 4.

For want of funds only 27 7 out of about 2400 indigenous Arakanese, who were displaced

from Buthidaung and Maungdaw Tow nships after the British ev acuatio n in 19 42, co uld be

resettled on the sites of their original homes. There are also two thousand Arakanese

Buddhist refuge s brought fo r fear of Muslims thre ate ning and frighte ning the m by firing

machine guns near the villages at night. While o ur hands are full with internally displaced

refugees we cannot take the responsibility for repatriation of the Muslim refugees from the

Bo Yan Aun g (front-left) and BIA officers (19 42).

Dr. Aye Chan of Kanda Univ ersity in Japan.

Narr abeen of Northern Beaches. IUSED to dr...

Taliban Opens Terrorist-Training Camps InBurma

(News article directfrom Bangla deshsBDnews24 .com on 16

Au gu st 2 01 3. ) Pra y ing Beng al i-Muslim-Talibans a t Bang ladeshiBorder. O...

Egypts Nasser LaughedOff Muslim Brotherhood

(1966)(Old news article with

Yout ube v ideo directfrom the WorldCrunch

on 10 May 201 2.) Late Colonel Nasserthe former president of Egy pt...

Roy al IslamicAu stra lia n Na v y (LetThe Muslim Boats In)

(News article directfrom the NA VY DAILYat news.navy.gov.au on

23 Ju ly 2 013.) Captain Mona Shindythe Strategic Islamic Adv isor, ...

Puerto Maldonado

HomestayTambopataEcotours.com

Best rates in PuertoMaldonado Experience thereal Peru

GlobalSources.comwww.GlobalSources.com

Manufacturers & WholesaleSuppliers From China AndOther Countries!

2013 (187)

2012 (206)

December (23)

November (19)

October (17)

September (19)

Au gu st (26)

July(20)

June (16)

Derek Mitchell Confirmed as FirstUS Ambassador

Corrupt Army Officers Let theBengali Riots Ignite...

First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-

1826 ) Part 10

Cold War Lessons for BurmasDemocratic Transition...

CYBER WAR: Burma VsBangladesh!

The Dev elopment of a MuslimEnclav e in Arakan

Bengali-Muslims Muja hidInsurgency (1 948-1954)

Kangaroo in Corner of EmergingNeighbour

Bengali-Cleansing in Maungdawand Sittwe?

Sittwe Burned By RPG-toting, A l-Qaeda-trained Beng...

Blog Archive
http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/sittwe-burned-by-rpg-toting-al-qaeda.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/bengali-cleansing-in-arrakan.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/kangaroo-in-corner-of-emerging.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/bengali-muslims-mujahid-insurgency-1948.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/development-of-muslim-enclave-in-arakan.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/cyber-war-burma-vs-bangladesh.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/cold-war-lessons-for-burmas-democratic.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/first-anglo-burmese-war-1824-1826-part.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/corrupt-army-officers-let-bengali-riots.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/derek-mitchell-confirmed-as-first-us.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_06_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_07_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_08_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_09_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_10_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_11_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_12_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2012-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&updated-max=2013-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&max-results=50http://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2013-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&updated-max=2014-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&max-results=50http://void%280%29/http://www.google.com/url?ct=abg&q=https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/request.py%3Fcontact%3Dabg_afc%26url%3Dhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/bengali-muslims-mujahid-insurgency-1948.html%26gl%3DMM%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dca-pub-9589422948406172%26ai0%3DC_rPwlCQbUvO8DovNkAWdj4GADrjPlOsCsMqf2hnAjbcBEAEg16H7IygCUITQkfj______wFgaaABqJPz7APIAQGoAwHIA9MEqgS9AU_Qao7sZfLeuNzr9hnGjOHeoCeEgCrWZGRAzStK_LC9QJjfO_-veXI3lfdXCiA1KquPfzd7iBBQpAcQyJIlW-Gxnp6e7I2_XlQ4Yy-CyJEsHtFKfsuXQYikhJ6eCzUZxVpmoLVe6lvlJiJ0QlJTALBUrSNRcpr9Ck9tDU1-T2WtJZnNR_id9kneNCSk9Wjw43vgzvUysMGB05jWepdpYXi-XH8bW0_0jDCUI3ZswlFIJD3xEH1fISUHCNZvNIgGAYAHwOyMEw%26ai1%3DCCTtylCQbUvO8DovNkAWdj4GADqy05LMDtPqB0kXAjbcBEAIg16H7IygCUP-S7sEBYGmgAbX_lv8DyAEBqAMByAPTBKoEwwFP0Fpc9XzI5gpv_Igdy4LhgKgmjJ5m2GdsVM40Uab9sUJPZDDHqHw6fZLyODQynPH4tWM3f8IFUOMDHcaSe1PguYDSkO-Fq11LIzlijsrTMRzQSWPUkVjFo4-XmAYwXYVCYL-wWvQFpT49f0tTXkn0U7AlVmeY9gdVORFFc0Nz6zmAzMsZnz2zB4tzj0SjYO5jXSdG-AW8ItuY1meXaWGHULeo-Le5BoLYlyOHmtF5CDQMBxNtf2XV9LtwgCdUJc7wLpCIBgGAB7OAaQ&usg=AFQjCNELwhhSYtSiJLiZuHHPye1KlLGEKQhttp://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=CCTtylCQbUvO8DovNkAWdj4GADqy05LMDtPqB0kXAjbcBEAIg16H7IygCUP-S7sEBYGmgAbX_lv8DyAEBqAMByAPTBKoEwwFP0Fpc9XzI5gpv_Igdy4LhgKgmjJ5m2GdsVM40Uab9sUJPZDDHqHw6fZLyODQynPH4tWM3f8IFUOMDHcaSe1PguYDSkO-Fq11LIzlijsrTMRzQSWPUkVjFo4-XmAYwXYVCYL-wWvQFpT49f0tTXkn0U7AlVmeY9gdVORFFc0Nz6zmAzMsZnz2zB4tzj0SjYO5jXSdG-AW8ItuY1meXaWGHULeo-Le5BoLYlyOHmtF5CDQMBxNtf2XV9LtwgCdUJc7wLpCIBgGAB7OAaQ&num=2&cid=5Ggox8peV7_y3Wn0yXqe2JJc&sig=AOD64_351I1ImSkfnCudLyy5k-0-zUCRBQ&client=ca-pub-9589422948406172&adurl=http://www.globalsources.com%3FWT.mc_id%3D1001007%26WT.srch%3D1http://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=C_rPwlCQbUvO8DovNkAWdj4GADrjPlOsCsMqf2hnAjbcBEAEg16H7IygCUITQkfj______wFgaaABqJPz7APIAQGoAwHIA9MEqgS9AU_Qao7sZfLeuNzr9hnGjOHeoCeEgCrWZGRAzStK_LC9QJjfO_-veXI3lfdXCiA1KquPfzd7iBBQpAcQyJIlW-Gxnp6e7I2_XlQ4Yy-CyJEsHtFKfsuXQYikhJ6eCzUZxVpmoLVe6lvlJiJ0QlJTALBUrSNRcpr9Ck9tDU1-T2WtJZnNR_id9kneNCSk9Wjw43vgzvUysMGB05jWepdpYXi-XH8bW0_0jDCUI3ZswlFIJD3xEH1fISUHCNZvNIgGAYAHwOyMEw&num=1&cid=5Ggox8peV7_y3Wn0yXqe2JJc&sig=AOD64_3XSZZqVCEpBY_6Lr6iTvc_qoDvKw&client=ca-pub-9589422948406172&adurl=http://www.TambopataEcotours.comhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/royal-islamic-australian-navy-let.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/egypts-nasser-laughed-off-muslim.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/taliban-opens-terrorist-camps-in-burma.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/royal-islamic-australian-navy-let.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/egypts-nasser-laughed-off-muslim.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2013/08/taliban-opens-terrorist-camps-in-burma.htmlhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rUw_l_lElyA/T95O1kbB3PI/AAAAAAAAC1g/Tj6HW3YTP-c/s1600/DrAyeChan-1.pnghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bdRQRH6AHVk/T95R1tLCmQI/AAAAAAAAC2A/NK__ji4djCI/s1600/BIAofficers1945.jpg


4/8



Sabirnag ar camp w hic h the go ve rnment of India is pre ssing.

The Muslim refugees from the camp at Subirnagar were also unable to resettle in the interior

part of Akyab District at Alegyun, Apaukwa and Gobedaung. All 3,000 of them were first

sent to A kyab Island. Two Muslim Relief Committees were formed in A kyab and Buthidaung

in order to give assistance possible to refugees. The proposal to send about 1,500 refugees

in small batches to the Muslim villages in Buthidaung Township for the time being was

accepted. The District Welfare Officer was instructed to work o ut the ex pense for transport

and supporting b uilding materials.

In A ugust 1947 , the Sub-Divisional Officer of Maungdaw, U Tun Oo, was br utally murder ed

by the Muslims. The Commissio ner o f Ara kan re ports:

I have no doubt that this is a result of a long fostered communal feeling by

the Muslims. The assassins who committed the murder were suspected to be

employed by the Muslim Police Officers and have been organizing strong

Muslim feel ing s an d dom inating the whole areas. This is a direc t affro nt and

open challenge to the lawful authority of the Burma Government by the

Muslim Com mun ity of Buth idaung and Maungdaw Townships who se

economic invasion of this country was fostered during the British regime.

Unless this most dastardly flouting of the government is firmly and severely

dealt with, this alien community will try to annex this territory or instigate

Pakistan to an nex it.

The newly independent republic had to co pe with the insurgency of Karen ethnic group and

the communists in the country after gaining independence in 1948. Major cities were

captured by the Communists and Karen rebels. Two battalions of its regular army went

underground to join the communists. The Capital City, Rangoon, was surrounded by the

Karen rebels. The Union gover nment was scrawled in the international newspapers with theepithet of Rangoon Government. In such a situation only a few hundreds troops from the

Battalion (5) were sent to the western front to fight the Mujahids. About the objective and

strength of the Mujahids, the British Embassy in Rangoon reports to the Foreign Office in

London on February 12, 1949.

It is hard to say whether the ultimate object of the Muslims is that their separate state

should remain within the Union or not, but it seems likely that e ven an autonomo us state

within the Union would necessarily be drawn towards Pakistan. The Mujahids seem also

to have taken arms in about October last, although this does not exclude the possibility

that some have not gone underground and are still trying to obtain their objective by

agitation only. There are perhaps 500 Muslims under arms, although the to tal number of

supporters of the movement is greater.

Buthidaung and Maungdaw were

under the control of the government

forces but the countryside around

the town was out of control.

One report gives a detailed account

of the visit of Prime Minister U Nu

and the Supreme Commander of the

Burmese Army, Lieutenant General

Smith Dun to Akyab in October of

1948.

It says that the local o fficials in East

Pakistan provided information and

aid to the insurgents from across the

borde r. The Sub-Div isional Officer

and the Township Officer from Coxs

Bazaar were reported to have

supplied the Muslim guerrillas with

arms and ammunition. The wounded

rebels were apparently able to ob tain treatment from the hospital in Cox s Bazaar.

Ac co rding to the report of the Deputy Commissioner of Chittagong Hill Trac ts, both the

commissioner and the Burmese officials were informed that the two Mujahid leaders, Jaffar

Meah and Omra Meah, were hiding in Balukhali village in East Pakistan, near to the Burmese

borde r.

The British Embassy in Rangoon sent a confidential letter to the High Commissioner for the

United Kingdom in Pakistan on February 28, 1949; this letter dealt with the probability of

prov ocation and interference from loc al Pakistani officials on the other side of the bor der. It

reads:

In spite o f the correct attitude o f the Pakistan Central Government there have been fairly

Burma Declares State of Emergencyin Arrakan!

Rioting Bengali Muslims KillingBuddhists in Maung ...

Rioting Bengali Muslims KillingBuddhists in Maung ...

Ar ra kan Boilin g w ith An ti-Islam icFever?

ASS K Faces Westm inst er Ha ll Ba nin London?

Its Time for ASSK to Get Seriousabout Management...

May (13)

Apr il (18)

March (10)

February (12)

January(13)

2011 (104)

2010 (26)

Hla Oo

,

Born in a Burmese

jun gle n ear Py in-m a-na rwh ile m y par ent s wer e

Communist guerrilla s. I basically gr ew

up in the Aung-San-Thuria-Hla-Thaung

Cadet School of Burm ese Army and I was

once a boy soldier in the ar my for alm ost

two years till I deserted in early 1974. I

gradua ted from Rangoon Institute of

Technology in 1 980 and I was a tutor for

one year in RIT Mechanical Engineering

Department and an engineer for 3 years

in Burm a Irrigation. I then worked in

Bangkok, Sydney , KL, Toky o, and New

York . I wa s a m ech an ic, produc tion

supervisor, and production manager t ill

19 95 wh en I started my own business of

importing prawn meat from Burma.

That business failed and for last 1 5 y ears

I had had my own little fund trading

stocks, equity futu res, and curr encies.

But now I am ju st a struggling semi-

retired writer/blogger/day-trader

wa iti ng to meet m y ma ker . Wr iti ng i s

my hobby and Burma naturally is my

main interest.

Vi ew m y compl ete pr ofile

About Me
http://www.blogger.com/profile/06967339572753775591http://www.blogger.com/profile/06967339572753775591http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2010-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&updated-max=2011-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&max-results=26http://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2011-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&updated-max=2012-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&max-results=50http://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_04_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012_05_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/its-time-for-assk-to-get-serious-about.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/assk-faces-westminster-hall-ban-in.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/arrakan-boiling-with-anti-islamic-fever.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/rioting-bengali-muslims-killing.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/rioting-bengali-muslims-killing_09.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/burma-declares-state-of-emergency-in.htmlhttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-556DGFosiDM/T95UJflkCTI/AAAAAAAAC2I/FTj6dZMVwpw/s1600/BangladeshBurmaMap.png


5/8



reliable reports that their local officials in, for instance, Coxs Bazaar have actively helped

Muslim guerrillas. Y ou y ourselv es are we ll aw are o f the pro-guerrilla att itude in t his affair

of the Pakistan district officers. The Pakistan Government must also be aware of it, and we

feel that if th ey d o not curb the se officials the y may ru n the risks of p rov oking A nti-Muslim

riots in Akyab district as bad as th ose w hich oc curred during the w ar.

The main financial source o f the Mujahid Party was the smuggling of rice from Arakan to East

Pakistan. Their actions were all part of an ov erall strategy to prev ent the gov ernment forces

from enforcing the prohibition rice export. It has been reported that even the Muslim

leaders, Sultan Ahmed and Omra Meah were involv ed in this illegal border tr ade.

To solve the prob lem of this rice shor tage in the Chittagong District of East Pakistan, regional

officials seem to have sought cooperation with the Mujahid leaders. For many years theMujahid Party leaders mono polized the smuggling of rice acro ss the border.

T he main objectiv e of the Mujahid rebellion was to absorb the western frontier

of Burma int o East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh).
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aPbVNXe-xZk/T95QpYCmfLI/AAAAAAAAC14/6kmyzEk7Lns/s1600/Rakhine+State+Map.gif


6/8



The newspaper, On May 18, 1949, The Hindustan Standard newspaper, repo rted about the

following about the Mujahids.

A dangerous aspect of this fighting is its international aspect: the Moslem

insurgents have been carrying the Pakistani flag, and many of them clamor

for th e inc orporation of th is en d of Arakan with Pakistan . It was suspec ted

that they drew arms from across the border; the Governme nt, however, is now

satisfied that their rifles and ammunition are old stocks, left behind by the

Japan ese and British . The great m ajorit y of Arakan Moslem s are said to be

really Pakistanis from Chittagong, even if they have been settled here for a

generation. Out o f the 13 0,000 here, 80,000 are still Pakistani citizens.

When India, Pakista n and Burma gaine d independenc e, the immig rant s from British India

were granted the cho ice of cit izenship in e ithe r India or Pakista n. They co uld also choo se

Burmese citizenship if they were so inclined. The Pakistani Gov ernment was very anxiousthat the Burmese Gov ernment would use brutal tactics to suppress the r ebellion.

Pakistan feared that the atro cities in the Burmese border r egions would lead to anti-Burma

demonstrations in Pakistan, which might in turn instigate Anti-Pakistan riots in Burma. Such

situation would be very dangerous for the Pakistani residing in Burma. It was reported that

6,000 to 7 ,000 refugees had arrived in East Pakistan. The authorities in Karachi were also

concer ned about the co mmunists infiltrating into Pakistan with the refugees.

In the Aky ab District of Arakan it was reported that only the town and island of Akyab were

firmly in the hands of the Burmese government. Conditions had deteriorated following the

withd rawa l o f the only Burmese Ar my battalion (Burm a Rifle 5). The CPB (Communist Party

of Burma) went underground in March 1948, and its followers in Arakan reached an

agreement with the Mujahid Party to fight the gov ernment forces jointly.

The government of Pakistan was informed that the Communist Party of East Bengal had

instructed its members to establish contacts with the Muslim communists in Arakan and

persuade them to infiltrate the Coxs Bazaar subdivision to organize Muslim cultivator s for a

revolt against the government of Burma had fallen to the communists, as evidenced by the

following rec ord (of communications be tween British Embassies in Rangoon and Karachi):

This is borne out by a conversation which the Commissioner of Chittagong

Division recen tly with one of th e Mujah id leade rs who said th at th e early

agreement with the communists was that when the Burmese Government was

overthrown, the Communists will leave Mujahid territory to become an

independent state.

On June 17 , 1949 the British Embassy in

Rangoon sent a telegram to the Foreign

Office in Londo n abou t the fall of two district

headquarters into communist hands.

Sandoway fell on June 9, and Kyaupyu on

June 10, as the result of a mutiny by the

Union Military Police and levy garrisons in

collusion with the local communists. The

situation in Akyab was uncertain, and all air

service s were suspended

A clim ate of mistr ust and fear betwee n the

Buddhist Arakanese and Muslim

Chittagonians was growing, despite a peace

mission sent by the Union government to

North Arakan. Muslim leaders, carrying a

credential from Premier Nu, were in contact

with the insur gent Muslims and per suad ed

them to lay down their arms and drop their

demand for autonomy.

Burma's Yakhine State (Arrakan).

Northern Arra kan by the Bangladeshi border.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SoieX3stXU4/T95VnIjJxHI/AAAAAAAAC2Q/4BZgNk78jBg/s1600/MaungDawButheDaungMap.png


7/8



The mission was not successful because it was more of a communal violence than a

rebellion. The prestigious newspaper of India, The Hindustan Standard, on May 18, 1 949

reported:

These guerrilla operations are less a Muslim insurrection against the government than

communal action against the Arakanese a prolongation of the Muslim-Buddhist riots of

1942 .The Moslems, natives of Chittago ng in wha t is now part of Pakistan fear oppression

by the Arakanese. The Arakanese, the intensely clannish community less than a million

strong, hate their Buddhist Kith and kin, and are afraid of losing their identity in the

growing Chittagongese population. Neither trusts the either.

The cooperation between the two countries improved the situation at the border after theinstructions from Karachi were strictly enforced. In order to advance their joint operation

and communications an agreement was reached for the establishment of a Pakistani

Consulate in Akyab and a Burmese Consulate in Chittagong. Mohamed Ali, Pakistans High

Commissioner de signated to Canada, after relinquishing his post as ambassador to Burma,

sent a statement to the press. He said that the impact o f communist infiltration into Pakistan

was be ing weakened by the joint ope rat ion o f the two co untr ies.

At the same time the Pakista ni gov ernment w as p ers uading the refugee s fro m A rakan to lay

down their arms and to ar range for their repatriation when the co nditions in Burma became

more settled. Reuters reported that the governments of Burma and Pakistan were

cooperating to restore peace in Arakan. Their cooperation was further displayed with units

of East Pakistan Rifles being stationed along the border to cooperate with their Burmese

counterparts.

However, since the middle of 1949, the Burmese Armys offensive warfare was successful. As

a result all the towns and major cities under the control of the rebels were rec aptured. SadarAurengzeb Khan, Pakista ni amb assad or to Burma, who v isite d the East Bengal (East

Pakistan), expressed confidence that the position of the Burmese Government was

improving and that the power o f the insurgents was on the decline.

The rebellion lasted one more de cade until the Mujahid Party surre ndered in 1960.

Military Operations against Bengali-Muslims Mujahid

Once the Mujadi rebellion started

the armed Bengali-Muslims killed

most of the Yakhine Buddhists and

destroyed all the Yakhin villages in

the Maungdaw-North region.

Martial Law was declared in 1948

November as the rebellion greatlyintensified and the rebels even

surrounded the towns of

Butheetaung and Baw-li-bazar.

Only when the Fifth Battalion Burma

Rifles was sent into the region and

the Fifths devastating campaign

against the rebels the Mujahid

insurgency collapsed and the

Muslim insurgents fled to the jungles of northern Y akhine.

But the Burmese civil war had started in Proper-Burma and the Fifth Burma was brought

bac k to fight th e Karens digging in at I nsein in Rang oo n. Once the r egular Burme se ar my was

absent in the Ar rakan the Mujahids came back in and the insurgency flared up again as the

irregular Sitwundan armed-police battalions were unable to fight them.

The Second Chin Rifles was formed as an emergency measure to fight the Muslim Mujahid

and again the Mujahid had collapsed and disappeared back into the East Pakistan and the

northern jungles as the valiant Chins chased them all ove r Arr akan.

End of the Mujahid Insurgency

Burmese army had launched three major military operations against the Mujahid in

Northern Arrakan. First operation was in March 1950 , the second was the May-y u Operation

in October 1952, and the last one was Moat-thone Operation in October 1954.

Afte r the tot al co llapse th e Mujahids ended up on th e borderline as rice

smugglers and dacoits still terrorizing the Yakhine Buddhist population for

many years to come till they reinvented themselves as the Rohingyas and

started the internation-media and political and so-called human rights

Fifth Burm a Rifles Battal ion in Ar rakan .
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zu7IWDiU23I/T95PHWXXSjI/AAAAAAAAC1o/i8ReIsxbq4A/s1600/burmarifles1.jpg


8/8



Newer Post Older PostHome

Posted by Hla Oo at 5:49 PM

campaigns to re-establish their Bengali-Muslim enclave again in Bu rma.

Recommend this on Google

Simple template. Powered by Blogger.
http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4404712313414221928&postID=280767844549666637&target=facebookhttp://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4404712313414221928&postID=280767844549666637&target=twitterhttp://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4404712313414221928&postID=280767844549666637&target=bloghttp://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4404712313414221928&postID=280767844549666637&target=emailhttp://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=4404712313414221928&postID=280767844549666637http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/bengali-muslims-mujahid-insurgency-1948.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06967339572753775591http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/http://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/kangaroo-in-corner-of-emerging.htmlhttp://hlaoo1980.blogspot.com/2012/06/development-of-muslim-enclave-in-arakan.html

hla oo's blog_ bengali-muslims’ mujahid insurgency (1948-1954)

Documents