hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

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Preliminary Evidence of MixedSeverity Fire Regimes in the East Slopes of the Rocky Mountains Mariano Amoroso, Lori Daniels, Mohammad Bataineh, David Andison, Chris Stockdale

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Page 1: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Preliminary Evidence of 

Mixed‐Severity Fire Regimes in 

the East Slopes of the Rocky Mountains

Mariano Amoroso, Lori Daniels, Mohammad Bataineh,

David Andison, Chris Stockdale

Page 2: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Background

• High‐severity, stand‐replacing fires: 

– eliminate almost all vegetation 

– even‐aged stands 

– relatively distinct boundaries

• Low‐severity, stand maintaining fires:

– kill a small proportion of canopy trees 

– uneven‐aged stands with trees with multiple fire scars

– indistinctive boundaries 

Page 3: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

• Mixed‐severity fire regimes include:

– high‐severity, stand‐replacing fires, and 

– low‐ to moderate‐severity, stand‐maintaining fires at stand and landscape scales

• Structurally diverse vegetation patterns and complex dynamics 

Background

Page 4: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Rationale

• High‐severity fires have been considered the dominant type in the Rocky Mountains of western Canada

• New evidence suggests low‐ and mixed‐severity fires have had a significant influence on historic forest structures and dynamics in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Page 5: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Objective 

To detect mixed‐severity fires and 

reconstruct fire frequency and 

their effects on forest structure and dynamics 

in the Berland watershed

Page 6: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Site selection

Page 7: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Sampling 

Mixed approach

• 1‐ha area circular plot (fire‐scarred trees, snags and logs)– fire scars: number per hectare, charcoal

– samples of 10+ trees with fire scars 

• Plot list sampling (stand composition and structure)– 15 canopy and 15 subcanopy trees: species, DBH

– tree cores (age and growth history)

Page 8: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Results

Page 9: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Fire evidence per Ha.223

30

178

100

198

132

35

111 5

12 6

83

9 1220

85

107

HF1 HF2 HF3 HF4 HF5 HF6

Trees with fire scars Trees with > 1 fire scar Fire scars with charcoal

Page 10: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Fire scars

Page 11: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Fire scars

45 cm

8 cm

7 cm

Page 12: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Fire history

35 yrs 

40 yrs 

44 yrs 

(167 yrs) 

67 yrs 

62 yrs 

1886 1915    1956

1716   1756                          1881 1915

1820 1889  1908

1719 1886

1711 1778        1834              1906

1811 1889     1934

Median  Fire Interval

Page 13: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Fire intervals

0

1

2

3

1‐10

11‐20

21‐30

31‐40

41‐50

51‐60

61‐70

71‐80

81‐90

91‐100

101‐110

111‐120

121‐130

131‐140

141‐150

151‐160

161‐170

171‐180

Frequency

Fire Interval (years)

Page 14: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

1711177818341906

1886

19561915

1881

17161756

182018891908

17191886

181118891934

1915

Page 15: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF1Sb

Sw

Pl

18861915 1956

5 cm

1915FIRE

1956FIRE

Page 16: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF2Sw

Pl 18811716 1756 1915

1716FIRE

Page 17: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF3Sw

Pl 18201889 1915

Page 18: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF4Sb

Pl17191886

Page 19: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF5Fb

Sb

Sw

Pl

17111778 19061834

Page 20: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

0

5

10

1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960 2010

Frequency

Establishment

HF6Sb

Sw

Pl

18111889 1934

Page 21: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount
Page 22: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Summary 

Evidence of low‐ to moderate‐intensity fires

Fire intervals 19‐167 years

Mixed‐severity fire regimes

Uneven‐ aged stand structures

Page 23: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

What do we do next?

Is this pattern common to the rest of the 

landscape?

What is the extent? What is the fire interval?

Implications for management at the stand 

and landscape level?

Page 24: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Acknowledgements 

• This research was a collaboration between the Foothills ResearchInstitute Natural Disturbance Program, Hinton Wood Products ‐West Fraser Mills Ltd. and the Tree‐Ring Lab at the University of British Columbia

• Rick Bonar for helping with the site selection, John Stadt and Nicole Barrett for their help in the field, and Raphael Chavardesand Julia Maddison for their assistance in the lab

• Funding was provided by the Foothills Research Institute NaturalDisturbance Program, West Fraser Mills and MITACS

Page 25: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Stand Structure

Page 26: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Stand Structure

Page 27: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Stand Composition

Site DensityComposition (BA%)

AgePl Sw Sb Fb

1 979 0.92 0.01 0.07 0 121

2 1932 0.63 0.37 0 0 121

3 2341 0.78 0.22 0 0 189

4 517 0.87 0 0.13 0 290

5 778 0.72 0.24 0.03 0.01 298

6 643 0.87 0.02 0.11 0 198

Page 28: Hlp 2009 12 prsnttn infosessionpreliminaryevidenceofmixedseverityfireregimesineastslopesofrockymount

Site selection

• Stand stratification  (AVI and fire history maps) 

Not been logged or burned by high‐severity fire 

during the 20th century 

Lodgepole pine and/or Douglas‐fir

• Final selection: 6 sites with the most evidence of fire 

were selected for historical reconstruction