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High CholesterolWHAT ARE THE CAUSES, RISK FACTORS, AND SOLUTIONS?

Reference: Mayo Clinic Staff (2015). Diseases and Conditions High cholesterol. (2015, September 4). Retrieved November 12, 2015.

Pathophysiology of Hypercholesterolemia

What is cholesterol? Waxy substance Found in lipids (fats) Travels through the body as a lipoprotein


Lipoproteins Composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein on the surface, bundled

around triglyceride and cholesterol esters. This compound contributes to maintaining cell membranes, bile acid

synthesis, and steroid hormone (lipid based) precursors.

Reference: Straka, R. (n.d.). Hypercholesterolemia: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/5822/Lectures/6122_Lipids_A_01.06.06.pdf



Cholesterol is not always bad! It depends on the amount and type. Common types of cholesterol:

Low – density lipoprotein (LDL) Very – low – density lipoprotein (VLDL) High – density lipoprotein (HDL)


High bad cholesterol and low good cholesterol is dangerous!

Reference: Landmesser, U., Hornig, B., & Drexler, H. (2000). Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia: Mechanisms, pathophysiological importance, and therapeutic interventions. Retrieved December 1, 2015.


High cholesterol can lead to bigger problems, such as hypertension and heart disease.

A study of the endothelium of blood vessels and cholesterol’s effect on their function

Reference: Gibbons, G. et al. (2005, June 1). High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need To Know. Retrieved December 1, 2015.

Diagnosis of Hypercholesterolemia

Lipid panel or lipid profile Normal levels are determined using knowledge of preexisting health

conditions and risk factors.


Dietary Risk Factors

A risk factor is “a condition that increases your chance of getting a disease” (Gibbons et al. 2005).

Can include many things, within and outside the control of the individual.



Some risk factors affecting high cholesterol are beyond the individual’s control. Age Gender Heredity



Some risk factors affecting high cholesterol are within the individual’s control.

These include: Smoking Obesity and Large Waist Circumference Lack of Exercise Diabetes Diet


Managing High Cholesterol: Making the necessary changes

High cholesterol can be managed by making changes to your lifestyle and diet.

Some ways to do this are: Drop excess weight Exercise Quit smoking Eat a heart healthy diet


Managing High Cholesterol: Eating a Heart Healthy Diet

1. Eat more fiber2. Eat more healthy fats and less unhealthy fats3. NO trans fats!4. Restrict your intake of dietary cholesterol5. Eat more whole grains6. Eat more fruits and vegetables7. Substitute heart-healthy fish for other meats8. Strictly limit alcohol consumption

References

Gibbons, G. et al. (2005, June 1). High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need To Know. Retrieved December 1, 2015.Landmesser, U., Hornig, B., & Drexler, H. (2000). Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia: Mechanisms, pathophysiological importance, and therapeutic interventions. Retrieved December 1, 2015.Martini, Ph.D., F., Ober, M.D., W., Nath, Ph.D., J., Bartholomew, M.S., E., & Petti, Ph.D., K. (2011). Tissue Level of Organization. In Visual Anatomy and Physiology (2nd ed., p. 142). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.Mayo Clinic Staff (2015). Diseases and Conditions High cholesterol. (2015, September 4). Retrieved November 12, 2015.Straka, R. (n.d.). Hypercholesterolemia: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/5822/Lectures/6122_Lipids_A_01.06.06.pdf

http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/5822/Lectures/6122_Lipids_A_01.06.06.pdf

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