hms daring - type 45 facts by royal navy.pdf

7/22/2019 HMS Daring - Type 45 facts by Royal Navy.pdf

1/20

HM

S

DAR

IN

GTYPE 45 - The Anti-Air Warfare DestroyerWorld-leading littoral air defence

DARING


2/20


3/20

Type 45 Daring Class DestroyersD32 HMS DARING

D33 HMS DAUNTLESS

D34 HMS DIAMOND

D35 HMS DRAGOND36 HMS DEFENDER

D37 HMS DUNCAN

DimensionsDisplacement 7500 tonnes

Length 152.5 m

Beam 21.2 mDraught 7.4 m

Complement 191

WeaponsPrinciple Anti Air Missile System (PAAMS)

1 x 4.5 Mk 8 Gun

2 x 30mm Automated Guns

NATO Seagnat Decoy LaunchersMachine Guns

Small Calibre Guns

Sensors2 x Type 1047 Navigational Radars

1 x Type 1048 Navigational Radar

1 x Multi Functional Radar (MFR)1 x Long Range Radar (LRR)

1 x IFF Radar

Electronic Surveillance System

Active/Passive sonar

Communications

Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS)SCOT Satellite Communications System

Aircraft1 x LYNX helicopters fitted with:

Sea Skua Anti-Ship Missiles

Stingray Torpedoes

Machine Gunsor 1 x MERLIN Helicopter


4/20

The Type 45 represents a quantam leap in surface warfare design and capability reflecting innovation,

foresight and an eye to the future in vir tually every aspect. High speed, extended endurance and

aggressive capability combine to provide robust, versatile and economic maritime effect.

The most advancedsurface warship in the world

Here is just a selection of the superlatives applicable to the Type 45:

PerformanceTo meet the challenging speed and endurance

requirements, the Type 45 Destroyer

accommodates two Rolls Royce WR21 Gas

Turbine-driven alternators, two Wartsila Diesel

Generators, two Alstom Electric Propulsion

Motors and their associated control anddistribution systems.

The ship will accelerate faster and turn inside

current ships, with a top speed of well over

30 knots.

CapabilityType 45 has been engineered to maximise

survivability within any given threat. Clean

angular lines contribute to her stealth profile

and deck fitments are concealed behind doors.

The Type 45s radar can track multiple

incoming threats simultaneously, prioritisethem, assign countermeasures and deploy

them to their targets. It can even track a target

the size of a cricket ball approaching at three

times the speed of sound. When required, the

Type 45 can fire multiple missiles at a time

and guide each one precisely to a different

target. Her hypersonic missiles can reach

Mach 4-5 (five times the speed of sound) injust two seconds.

VersatilityType 45 provides the future air defence

capability for the Royal Navy, offering local

air defence for maritime task group and area

air defence at long range.The ships containsabout 800 compartments some of which

are purposely unallocated to simplify the

introduction of equipment developed over her

projected 30-year service life. The flight deck

and aviation facilities are designed to operate

LYNX or MERLIN helicopters. The flight deck

area is four times that of a Type 42 destroyer big enough to land a CHINOOK.

IngenuityThe Type 45 are the first warships to feature

Integrated Electric Propulsion, replacing

gearboxes with direct shaft drive from electric

motors.


5/20

HabitabilityT45 will operate with a crew of 191, each with

their own berth in well-appointed cabins. For

the first time on board a destroyer, there are

dedicated recreation spaces

for all ranks and dedicated accommodation

and facilities for 60 Royal Marines with their

kit. The Type 45 boasts a near 40 percent

increase in crew space relative to existing

warships.

OperabilityThe two Rolls-Royce gas turbines create

nearly 45 MW of electrical power sufficient

to power a city. She will have a range of over

7000 nautical miles at 18 knots, sufficient

to cross the Atlantic, carry out missions and

return without refuelling or, alternatively, to

reach the Falkland Islands with fuel in hand.Careful attention to storing arrangements has

ensured that a Type 45 can be provisioned for

a 45-day mission in just 12 hours.


6/20

Advanced combat system

The Type 45 Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer is designed primarily to protect UK national and

allied/coalition forces against all known airborne threats. Comprehensively equipped to

provide self-protection, local and area air defence, her advanced weapon and sensor fit

sets the benchmark standard for air defence destroyer capability.

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

Combat ManagementSystem/ Data TransferSystem (CMS/DTS)CMS/DTS System enables the Command Team

to manage and operate the combat system

and achieve the ships operational objectives.

The CMS comprises the Command System,

Command Support System, Secondary

Data Display, Tactical Data Link and Video

Distribution subsystems. It performs tactical

picture compilation, threat evaluation, weapon

assignment and control of Sea Viper and other

combat system equipments. The innovative

Tactical Data Links capability allows the Type 45

to share high quality tactical picture information

with other platforms, thus enabling rapid and

secure tactical coordination within the force.

An integrated fast ethernet DTS provides the

high-speed digital intercommunication highway

between combat system equipments.

Sea ViperThe Type 45s main armament is Sea Viper, aworld-beating surface-to-air missile system

developed under a tri-national programme by

France, Italy and the UK.

This advanced weapon system will defend

the Type 45, her consorts and other task force

vessels against highly manoeuvrable hostile

incoming aircraft and missiles approaching at

subsonic and supersonic speed, individually

or in salvoes. The Type 45 will be aler ted to

a potential threat by her electronic warfare

system, long-range radar, or by early warning

from allied units.

Sea Viper can counter an individual or

saturation attack by engaging the target, or

simultaneously engaging multiple targets

from any angle. At the heart of Sea Viper is

a Command and Control (C2) System which

optimises the Type 45s response to the attack.

Launched from six eight-cell DCN Sylver

A50 vertical launchers controlled by the

Sea Viper System, the MBDA shorter-range


7/20

9

10 11

12

Aster 15 or long-range Aster 30 super-agile

manoeuvring missiles with re-attack mode

are guided towards their targets by the ships

multi-function radar, even in severe electronic

countermeasures environments. Once

locked on, the Aster missiles pursue their

targets relentlessly at speeds of Mach 4 to 5,

overcoming even the most evasive dog-leg

manoeuvres until the threat is intercepted and

eliminated.

Multi-Function Radar (MFR)The distinctive rotating Sampson Multi-Function Radar, mounted on top of the

foremast high above the waterline, contains a

dual-face active array radar. It performs high-

definition three-dimensional air and surface

search-and-track functions using innovative

digital adaptive beamforming. This provides

T45 with the information to counter a range of

threats, including high-speed sea-skimming

missiles, by providing Sea Viper with multiple

channel fire control.

Long Range Radar (LRR)Rotating once every four seconds, the long-range radar provides three dimensional volume

search capability for Sea Viper and other ship

systems. The LRR is capable of automatic

detection, track initiation and tracking of up to

1000 targets and of providing this information

to the Combat Management System.

Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)The interrogator IFF antenna mounted on the

LRR, assists the ships Combat Management

System in the long-range identification of friendly

platforms and potential threats, using standard

civilian and military communications techniques.

1 LYNX HMA8/MERLIN HM1 Helicopter with Stingray Torpedoes and Sea Skua Missiles

2 Navigation Radar

3 Long-Range Radar with Identification Friend or Foe Interrogator

4 Communications Mast

5 DLH Offboard Decoy System (P & S) 6 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S)

6 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S)

7 Sampson Multi-Function Radar

8 Electro Optical Gunfire Control System

9 DLF Passive Naval Decoy System (P & S)

10 Sea Viper Sylver Surface to Air Vertical Launch Silos

11 4.5 Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun

12 MFS -7000 Bow Sonar (under keel not shown)


8/20

Advanced combat system

Medium Calibre Main GunA 4.5 in. Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun mountingprovides Type 45 with an effective, battle-

proven naval fire support/shore bombardment

capability and a secondary role in support of

Anti-Surface Warfare operations. It receives

commands from and issues tellbacks to an

Electro-Optical Gunfire Control System.

Small Calibre GunsThe Automatic 30mm Naval Guns, located

port and starboard, feature the Oerlikon KCB

cannon. These guns receive commands from

and issue tellbacks to the Electro-Optical

Gunfire Control System and are employed to

destroy close-in threats such as fast attack

craft, speedboats and inflatables, or to engage

helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles at

close range.

Electro-Optical GunfireControl System (EOGCS)EOGCS provides the means to survey the

visual environment local to the Type 45 by

day or night. It detects, identifies and tracks

potential surface and air targets and either

issues commands to engage them, or passes

information to other subsystems, enabling

them to respond.

HelicopterThe Type 45 is designed to operate a MERLIN

HM1 or LYNX HMA 8 helicopter, armed with

Stingray anti-submarine torpedoes and Sea

Skua anti-ship missiles. Her flight deck is large

enough to land a twin-rotor CHINOOK to deliver

or embark troops or stores. To reduce the

pilots workload to a minimum, a technically

advanced suite of visual landing aids has been

incorporated, facilitating safe recovery of the

ships helicopter in all weathers and at night. A

hangar with maintenance platform accepts the

helicopter with rotors stowed.

Medium Frequency SonarMedium Frequency Sonar detects and

identifies underwater threats such as

submarines or mines.


9/20

Fully IntegratedCommunications SystemFICS provides a comprehensive solution to

the Type 45s operational commmunication

requirements, including HF, VHF and UHF radio,

underwater telephone, internal telephones,

internal voice communications, main broadcast,

wire-free communications, recreational services,

a satellite communications interface, tactical

data links, formal and informal messaging and

data services.

Integrated Navigation SystemThe Integrated Bridge System comprises

navigation radars, an electronic chart, display

and information systems, inertial navigation

system and the data distribution sub-system.

Meteorological andOceanographic (METOC)SystemThe METOC system workstation collates,

displays and distributes environmental data to

the Type 45 Combat System. Informed by an

integrated suite of meteorological and subsea

sensors, satellite data and other information

sources, the system interfaces with the Data

Transfer, Navigation and Command Support

Systems and Fully Integrated Communications

System.

Electronic Warfare SystemsThe ships passive naval off-board decoy

system, RN Outfit DLF, is a rapid response

countermeasures system deploying a radiating

expendable inflatable floating seduction

decoy, effective against radar-guided anti ship

missiles. Sea Gnat RN Outfit DLH delivers

seduction or distraction decoy rounds such as

infrared flare and chaff. It will also deploy a new

Active Decoy Round (ADR) designed to counter

active radar homing anti-ship missiles.

A Radar Electronic Support Measures (RESM)

system features new signal processing

and emitter identification technology. This

radar-band detection system provides the

Type 45 with the ability to detect and identify

potentially hostile air and surface units in

advance of radar detection, complementing

IFFs ability to identify friendly units.

Incremental AcquisitionThe ship design has included some provision

for additional combat system capability.

Potential upgrades accommodated by the

provision of space and/or services include

a larger Main Gun or 16-cell Land Attack

Missile silo, Torpedo Launch Systems, Surface

Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD), a Phalanx

Inner Layer Defence System (ILDS) and a

Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC).


10/20

Type 45 Joint Capability

TG ProtectionThe Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and

Amphibious Task Group (ATG) require Air

Defence (AD) Force Protection (FP) in any

situation where a credible threat of airborne

weapons exists (whether air, surface, land

or underwater launched), including the

asymmetric air threat. T45 will provide

dedicated Force AD and FP to High Value

Units (HVUs) and Mission Essential Units

(MEUs) against pop up/late unmasking threats,

long range missiles and during periods

where a fighter layer is unavailable. It will

therefore enable maritime force projection to

be delivered in increased threat areas and is

a critical enabler of Carrier Strike (CS) and

Littoral Manoeuvre.

Joint BattlespaceManagementAs joint operations and Network Enabled

Capability (NEC) enable the transition towards

a single integrated battlespace, the T45 will

be a key contributor towards provision of

positive, dynamic and procedural control of

the battlespace within the maritime/air/land

littoral seam. T45, with wide area organic

situational awareness through MFR/LRR,

integrated data exchange via Link 11/16/Co-

operative Engagement Capability (CEC) and

NEC C4 functionality associated with Joint

Command and Control Support Programme

(JC2SP), will be able to provide BM overland

from the sea (where topography allows).

Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition

and Reconnaissance (ISTAR), Defensive

Counter Air (DCA) and Close Air Support

CAS) assets acting in support

of a given mission can operate under the full

range of tactical control within an assigned

Battlespace Management Area (BMA) for all or

part of their mission. Tanker and ISTAR support

working in Direct Support (DS) could exploit

the protection offered by the Sea Viper Isoleth,

which can act as a safe haven for High Value

Airborne Assets.

Command HostingT45 provides the planning space, IT facilities

and communications to host a 1* Maritime

Battlestaff, Tailored JFACHQ or SF Component

Commander. For Small Scale operations

especially, T45 will be able to host the

Maritime Component Commander (MCC) or

Commander Task Group (CTG)/Commander

Task Unit (CTU) for the UK Joint Task Force

Commander (JTFC), or host elements of a Joint

Task Force HQ or scaleable Joint Force Air

Component HQ (afloat). In addition, T45 may

form part of a UK national component (possibly

as CTG, CTU, Sector Air Defence Commander


11/20

(SADC) or ADC) or host the Composite Warfare

Commander (CWC) of a maritime coalition

force under the command of a Coalition JTFC.

In the post conflict phase of a Joint campaign,

T45 will offer the JTFC the opportunity to

reduce the military profile and footprint ashore

while retaining credible firepower and command

in theatre. This offers political choice, especially

in the early phases of a conflict.

UK DefenceMaintaining the integrity of UK airspace

entails the maintenance of a continuous RAP

and contingency plans for the interception

and possible destruction of renegade and

hostile aircraft. Connectivity and surveillance

capabilities of T45 will enable greater,

more integrated coverage than the RN has

historically managed to provide with previous

Air Defence platforms.

Embarked Military Force (EMF)An EMF increases the range of maritime and

joint operations with which the T45 may be

tasked. An EMF may support Power Projection

through Combat Operations against the land

and support Joint Operations, the protection of

UK entitled citizens, Non Combatant Evacuation

Operations (NEO), humanitarian operations,

disaster relief and defence diplomacy. The T45

will act as a Forward Operating Base (FOB) for

14 HQ Staff allowing them to plan and execute

operations by an EMF (potentially Special

Forces) and deploy and sustain 60 personnel,

and their equipment ashore, using ships boats

and/or organic or FOB helicopter(s).

AviationT45s war fighting capabilities will be enhanced

with the inclusion of an embarked flight

that is currently scaled to comprise a single

LYNX (Mk3 or Mk8) although the ship is also

configured to embark a MERLIN Mk1 flight.

In time, the deck will be authorised for a wide

range of other helicopters, including CHINOOK

and potentially Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV).

Deck lighting is NVG-compatible as are LED

Pilot Information Lights light panels around

the hangar screen and flight deck to assist the

pilots approach to the deck. The hangar can

accommodate 1 MERLIN or 2 LYNX and there

are several stores for items such as sonobuoys.


12/20

Type 45 Joint Capability

ANTI SURFACEWARFARE(ASuW)/ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW)T45 is not a specialist ASuW/ASW platform.

Nonetheless, in common with other Destroyers

and Frigates, it is able to co-ordinate anti

surface attacks by other units and contribute to

these attacks using its own helicopter, either

as a targeting or missile-firing unit (LYNX).

A comprehensive tactical picture composed

of own sensor information and data received

from Tactical Data Links (TDLs) can be readily

compiled and T45 will be able to neutralise

small surface contacts, including Fast Inshore

Attack Craft, using Close Range Weapon

Systems. Provision has been made in the

design for surface-surface guided weapons

(SSGW) in the future. T45 has an underwater

warfare self defence capability to detect, track

and classify submarines and to detect mines

and torpedoes. This is achieved via Medium

Frequency Sonar (2091), Surface Ship Torpedo

Defence (2170) and helicopters for passive/

active sonar and hardkill ASW weapons.

NON COMBATANT EVACUATIONOPERATIONS (NEO)T45 may be involved either alone or as part of

a joint force in the protection and evacuation

of UK Citizens and other civilians from trouble

spots when airfields and commercial ports

are not available. Being self-sustaining, T45

will be able to contribute to these operations

with little or no in-country or host nation

support and will be able to respond rapidly to

any deterioration of the situation. T45 will be

able to embark a large number of evacuees

for short periods, providing them basic

accommodation, sustenance and

medical services. Even without taking

additional emergency measures, T45

design provides for accommodation

margin of 45, taking into account

an EMF of 30 persons. T45 has

the administrative and IT support

to act as an Evacuation Handling

Centre and is able to overload at

least 700 evacuees for up to 48 hours

and at least 200 for over 48 hours.

HUMANITARIAN AIDT45 may be required to contribute to

humanitarian assistance and disaster relief

operations for periods of up to 72 hours without

external assistance or support. T45 will be

able to provide first aid humanitarian relief to

a community over a short period pending the

arrival of major relief efforts, including the

provision of hot food, potable water, medical

assistance (triage) and basic repair and essential

services. T45 should be able to land over 70%

of the Ships Company alongside or 50%

at anchor (dependant on prevailing

conditions) for disaster

relief or humanitarian

operations without

compromise to

ships safety.


13/20

MEDICALT45 provides a Role 1 Medical Treatment

Facility (MTF) which provides primary health

care, specialised first aid, triage, resuscitation

and stabilisation. Included within the basic

Role 1 capabilities are: basic occupational

and preventative medical advice to the

chain of command, routine sick call and

the management of minor sick and injured

personnel for immediate return to duty, as

well as casualty collection from the point

of wounding and preparation of casualties

for evacuation to a higher level MTF.

Enhancement with a Surgical Team would

allow basic Role 2 capability to be provided.

MARITIME SECURITYOPERATIONS (MSO)T45 will be required to operate with other

military units to interdict shipping, enforce

embargoes and support civil authorities in UK

waters and overseas, in support of UK interests.

These operations involve surveillance,

co-ordination between units and the ability

to board vessels if necessary. The ability to

produce, collate and forward full operational

incident records in support of any subsequent

action is an essential factor in conducting these

operations. T45 will be able to stop and search

a wide-range of vessels in support of military

or civilian agencies and conduct compliant and

non-compliant boardings following appropriate

training. T45 is able to detain small numbers of

suspects for short periods pending delivery to

an appropriate law enforcement agency.

NAVAL FIRE SUPPORT (NFS)

T45 will contribute to NFS using Indirect or Direct gunfire from the 4.5 Mk8

Mod 1 Naval gun. It can operate within range of hostile shore-based Surface

to Surface missile batteries with Sea Viper providing automatic cover via

Reflex Action while simultaneously inserting troops by air or sea.


14/20

Revolutionary integratedelectric propulsion

The Power System is effectively a sea-going

power station and enough generating capacity

is installed to power a city. The electric power

is used to drive two groups of consumers:

those dedicated to propelling the ship through

the water and the second group that comprises

the ships weapon and sensor systems and the

service systems that provide ventilation, fuel,

cooling water and domestic needs.

They meet

military shock

standards but

also achieve a

very high power

density when compared

with equivalent commercial

designs. Switchgear distributes

the power to the consumers, either at 4160V

AC to the VDM25000 propulsion

converters, or via transformers at 440V

and 115V AC to the ships weapon and service

systems.

The Type 45 is the first front-line warship in the world to be powered by an

Integrated Electric Propulsion (IEP) System comprising gas turbines and diesel-

driven generators, high-voltage switchgear, harmonic filters, transformers,

electronic power converters and advanced induction propulsion motors.


15/20

Power system diagram

The electronic power converters provide variable

frequency supplies to the 100-tonne reversible

propulsion motors. These are directly coupled

to the propeller shafts, obviating the need for

traditional gearboxes or controllable pitch

propeller systems. Harmonic filters remove

unwanted distortion in the electrical supplies.

The Rolls Royce WR-21 is the first large

marine gas turbine to incorporate compressor

intercooling and exhaust heat recuperation

(IEP) technologies that deliver high efficiency

across the engines operating range.

A single gas turbine can power both propulsion

and hotel loads. This reduces whole life

costs, as the single gas turbine mode can be

employed for a considerable part of the ships

operating lives. It also means that either gas

turbine can drive either or both propellers.

The Diesel Generators provide electrical

power for ships services when in harbour.

A Platform Management System accessible

from 80 shipwide plug-in points facilitates

remote machinery control and surveillance and

damage control and surveillance.

The IEP system offers significant benefits to

the Royal Navy, including improved efficiency,

simplicity of operation for the crew and

reduced maintenance and hence cost over the

life of the ship.


16/20

T45 has been constructed with power,

ventilation and space for future enhancement.

This reflects the need for great versatility to

meet the diverse range of roles that the ship

may be called on to perform. The following

capabilities could be fitted if required by UK

Defence:

Co-operative EngagementCapability (CEC)Utilising composite level plot data derived

from each participating sensor within the

force, it is a force multiplier and provides

significantly increased accuracy in Situational

Awareness, weapon effort planning, Combat

ID, platform survivability and Joint Air Defence.

Theatre Ballistic MissileDefence (TBMD)Whilst the T45 and Sea Viper are not

contracted to provide a TMD capability, there

is some evidence that the SAMPSON radar in

specific modes could be enhanced to provide

greater detection and/or warning of ballistic

threats.

Communication ElectronicSupport Measures (CESM)SHAMAN will be the maritime CESM

system fitted to the Type 45 destroyers and

Type 23 frigates from 2013. SHAMAN is

designed primarily to provide Fleet Indicators

and Warnings (I&W) as to any potential

adversarys intent.

Tomahawk Land AttackMissile (TLAM)Specific space and growth margins exist within

hull design to fit a modular 16 cell TLAM

Vertical Launch Silo (VLS) providing T45 with

a cost effective long range strike capability

upgrade if required by UK defence.

The Type 45 Destroyer is a futuristic-looking surface warship purpose-designed to

meet the needs of the Royal Navy today, tomorrow and for the next 30 years.

A platform for the future


17/20

Type 45 with Type 42 overlayed in red

Fireshadow LoiteringMunition (LM)LMs are launched into the air and provide a

persistent loitering capability whilst targets

are tracked/identified. On operator command,

LMs can be authorised to engage and execute

a terminal dive. The Fireshadow design is

compatible with the space envelope of T45s

Sylver VLS.

Naval Fire Support (NFS)EnhancementT45 design includes provision for upgrade to

a 6/155mm gun. This would have the triple

advantages of increased range, firepower and

commonality with UK land artillery systems

and projectiles.


18/20


19/20

Type 45

...World-leading littoral air defence


20/20

fleetgraphicscentre 08/489

hms daring - type 45 facts by royal navy.pdf

Documents