Ho`oponopono – “To Make Right”

A Radar Calibration CubeSat University of Hawaii

August 9, 2011

Larry K. Martin*, Nicholas G. Fisher*, Windell H. Jones, John G. Furumo, James R. Ah Heong Jr.,

Monica M. L. Umeda, and Wayne A. Shiroma

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Motivation

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• Tracking objects over U.S. territories has been and will continue to be a major concern related to our national security. • To ensure accurate tracking, radar stations must be calibrated using known, calibrated objects.

AN/TPQ-18 Radar

Motivation

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RADCAL Satellite

• Current RADCAL satellite benefits a very large community - Joint need from many beneficiaries - 13 Tri-Service Agencies (Air Force, Army, Navy), NASA and

International Major Range Organizations, 109 Radars, and 80+ User programs

Motivation

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Ho`oponopono CubeSat

• CubeSat implementation - 89 kg vs ~3.5 kg - $10M vs $110K - Launch practicality

Mission Transponder Operation Diagram

5

Interrogation Request Interrogation Schedule

Ground Station

C-Band Radar Stations

VAFB RADCAL Coordinator

Radar Interrogation Uplink: Schedule

6

Ground Station

C-Band Radar Stations

VAFB RADCAL Coordinator

Downlink: GPS Data

GPS Data Collection

Mission Operation Diagram for Ephemeris Data

Raw GPS Data

NGA GPS Data

Processing Center

Internet

Mission Overview

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Mission Statement: Provide orbital radar calibration support to the Air Force by collecting and disseminating ephemeris data in response to radar interrogations.

Primary Mission Objectives: • Demonstrate capability to collect ephemeris data with an accuracy of at least 5

meters. • Provide up to 5 transponder activations per day every day for 1 year.

Major Payload Instruments: • Herley MD2000C-1 Transponder Unit (VAFB GFE) • C-band Quadrifilar Helix Transponder Antenna (VAFB GFE) • NovAtel OEMV-2-L1L2-F GPS Unit (VAFB GFE) • Antcom 1.9G1215A-XSO-2 Antenna

Our CubeSat RADCAL solution is the first of its kind…

a solution that meets a critical operational need.

8

Patch Antenna

Solar Panel

Battery Box

Transponder

Transponder Antenna

Sun Sensors

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9

Zenith Sun

Sensor

GPS Antenna

Separation Switch

GG End Mass

Transponder Antenna

Solar Panel

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System Block Diagram

Future Launch

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• Ho`oponopono selected by NASA to fly as auxiliary cargo onboard rockets planned to launch in 2011 and 2012

• Granted through Educational Launch of Nanosatellites Program • Tentatively manifested for September 2012 launch • Part of Commercial Resupply Services 3 payload • Launch vehicle: SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket • Launch parameters: - 325-km altitude - Elliptical orbit - 51° ± 2° inclination

Special Thanks

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We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following organizations for their support of Ho`oponopono over the years:

• Air Force University Nanosat Program • NASA Educational Launch of Nanosatellites Program • InDyne/WROCI • Vandenberg Air Force Base 30th Space Wing • Northrop Grumman Corporation • Naval Postgraduate School • The Boeing Company • Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Satellite Program • University of Michigan Satellite Program

Mahalo! Questions?

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BACKUP SLIDES

Transponder-based Radar

• Distinct from traditional “skin” radar

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• Provides “point tracking source”

• Code spacing utilized

• Coherent/Non-coherent

• 1/R2 power attenuation

• Accuracy of ≤ 5 m

• Frequencies of operation are transponder defined

System Bus Architecture

16

PLD COM EPS

Power Bus: +3.3V, +5V, and raw battery

Power Management I2C BusCSI System Bus

Charger

Sol

ar C

ells

Battery Monitor

RA

W

+3.3V

+5V

On-OffSwitch

Transponder

On-OffSwitch

On-OffSwitch

Radio

COMµC

+28V

GPS

On-OffSwitch

EPSµC

+3.3

V

+3.3

V

+5V

Battery

RA

W

+3.3

V

+3.3V

+5V

I/O Expander

I/O Expander

Beacon

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