Holocaust Holocaust ProgressionProgressionThe 4 StagesThe 4 StagesMr. WebsterMr. Webster

Social StudiesSocial Studies

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

BackgroundBackground First Stage (Mein Kamph and Nuremburg First Stage (Mein Kamph and Nuremburg

laws)laws) Identification and DehumanizationIdentification and Dehumanization Second Stage (Kristallnacht)Second Stage (Kristallnacht) Take over of businesses and new lawsTake over of businesses and new laws Third Stage (Warsaw Ghetto)Third Stage (Warsaw Ghetto) Round up and separation from society/GhettosRound up and separation from society/Ghettos Fourth Stage (Auschwitz, Dachau,Treblinka)Fourth Stage (Auschwitz, Dachau,Treblinka) Concentration Camps/Death Camps/GenocideConcentration Camps/Death Camps/Genocide

The PlanThe Plan Mein Kamph-the blameMein Kamph-the blame Nuremberg Laws-separate from society and Nuremberg Laws-separate from society and

dehumanization of the Jewish communitydehumanization of the Jewish community Kristallnacht-the night of broken glass, take Kristallnacht-the night of broken glass, take

Jewish synagogues and businessesJewish synagogues and businesses Ghettos-round up Jews like animals, use as Ghettos-round up Jews like animals, use as

workers, further separation from societyworkers, further separation from society Concentration campsConcentration camps Death campsDeath camps

The Destruction of the The Destruction of the European JewsEuropean Jews

Step by step processStep by step process Legalized stagesLegalized stages German legislature made them “laws”German legislature made them “laws”

Immoral?Immoral?

At anytime people did not have to At anytime people did not have to cooperate with the “laws”cooperate with the “laws”

Nazi Anti-SemitismNazi Anti-Semitism

Hitler rose to power by using Jewish people as Hitler rose to power by using Jewish people as scapegoatscapegoat• Longstanding tradition of blaming JewsLongstanding tradition of blaming Jews• ““Stab in the backStab in the back” theory about Versailles Treaty ” theory about Versailles Treaty • Pseudo-scientific view of genetics (Aryan super Pseudo-scientific view of genetics (Aryan super

race)race)

Nuremberg Laws Nuremberg Laws (1930s)(1930s) Created a separate legal status for German JewsCreated a separate legal status for German Jews Thousands of Jews left Germany during this time; Thousands of Jews left Germany during this time;

others were trapped & could not emigrateothers were trapped & could not emigrate

The 4 StagesThe 4 Stages

DefinitionDefinition ExpropriationExpropriation ConcentrationConcentration AnnihilationAnnihilation

First Stage: DefinitionFirst Stage: DefinitionEarly 1930sEarly 1930s

Mein Kamph and Nuremburg lawsMein Kamph and Nuremburg laws Nazis defined JewsNazis defined Jews

Irrational pseudoscientific beliefsIrrational pseudoscientific beliefs

Required Jews to register for identity cardsRequired Jews to register for identity cards Wear visible symbols Wear visible symbols

Clothes, passports, businessesClothes, passports, businesses

Yellow star sewn onto clothingYellow star sewn onto clothing

Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws

Second Stage: Second Stage: ExpropriationExpropriationLate 1930sLate 1930s

Krystallnact- “The night of broken glass”Krystallnact- “The night of broken glass” Property and livelihood of Jews taken Property and livelihood of Jews taken

awayaway Laws did not allow Jews from holding Laws did not allow Jews from holding

certain jobs, living in certain places, certain jobs, living in certain places, owning businesses, or having bank owning businesses, or having bank accountsaccounts

Jews easy to identify after the first stageJews easy to identify after the first stage

KristallnachtKristallnacht

Third Stage: ConcentrationThird Stage: ConcentrationEarly 1930s intensified after Early 1930s intensified after 19391939

German Jews could not attend schoolGerman Jews could not attend school Travel restrictedTravel restricted Could not ownCould not own

PhonesPhones CamerasCameras RadiosRadios PetsPets

Poland 1939 – moved from countryside to city (ghettos)Poland 1939 – moved from countryside to city (ghettos) Slave laborSlave labor Limited food/shelterLimited food/shelter

The Final SolutionThe Final Solution

Genocidal plan to eliminate Jewish “menace”Genocidal plan to eliminate Jewish “menace” Development of the “Development of the “ghettoghetto” (confined area of a ” (confined area of a

city) by walling section of city in and preventing free city) by walling section of city in and preventing free travel to and from (Warsaw Ghetto in Poland was travel to and from (Warsaw Ghetto in Poland was largest…400,000 Jews confined)largest…400,000 Jews confined)

The The Concentration CampConcentration Camp Brutal conditions took grizzly toll due to starvation, disease, Brutal conditions took grizzly toll due to starvation, disease,

medical experimentation, forced labormedical experimentation, forced labor Mobile “Killing Units”Mobile “Killing Units”

Armed units of German soldiers who sought out and Armed units of German soldiers who sought out and murdered thousands in mass executions; buried in mass murdered thousands in mass executions; buried in mass graves (graves (Babi YarBabi Yar, 35,000 Jewish men, women, & children , 35,000 Jewish men, women, & children killed in USSR, near Kiev-1941)killed in USSR, near Kiev-1941)

Remembering Babi YarRemembering Babi Yar

Fourth Stage: AnnihilationFourth Stage: AnnihilationFrom 1941, intensified after From 1941, intensified after 19421942

Organized and carried out large scale killings Organized and carried out large scale killings of Jews and othersof Jews and others Including those who spoke out against the Nazis, Including those who spoke out against the Nazis,

members of banned political parties, Jehovah’s members of banned political parties, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, homosexuals, blacks, and Witnesses, Gypsies, homosexuals, blacks, and those with disabilitiesthose with disabilities

Shot, gassed by mobile units or sent to killing Shot, gassed by mobile units or sent to killing centerscenters

Before killed – final expropriation-all personal Before killed – final expropriation-all personal property seizedproperty seized Toys, clothing, shoes, eyeglasses, and women’s hairToys, clothing, shoes, eyeglasses, and women’s hair

The Death CampsThe Death CampsThe mass extermination of the Jews was too costly, The mass extermination of the Jews was too costly,

time-consuming, and was leaving behind too time-consuming, and was leaving behind too much evidence …clearly, a new system was much evidence …clearly, a new system was necessary-the death campnecessary-the death camp Camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, & Camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, &

Sobibor were built with gas shower rooms and Sobibor were built with gas shower rooms and crematorium ovens to eliminate the thousands of crematorium ovens to eliminate the thousands of corpsescorpses

Other minority groups targeted for extermination:Other minority groups targeted for extermination: Poles, Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally handicapped, Poles, Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally handicapped,

and Russiansand Russians

ResultsResults: around 6 million Jews & 5 million other : around 6 million Jews & 5 million other minority groups eliminatedminority groups eliminated

The Death CampsThe Death Camps

The Death CampsThe Death Camps

One American G.I.’s One American G.I.’s Thoughts Upon Discovering Thoughts Upon Discovering the Camps Firsthand…the Camps Firsthand…

I thought I had seen everything. I was a I thought I had seen everything. I was a hardened soldier. I had been in combat hardened soldier. I had been in combat since October 1944, and I had seen death since October 1944, and I had seen death and destruction that was unparalleled in and destruction that was unparalleled in modern times. But this --- there are no modern times. But this --- there are no words to describe this.”words to describe this.”

Captain Reid DraffenCaptain Reid Draffen

U.S. ArmyU.S. Army

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

The Nuremberg Military The Nuremberg Military TribunalTribunal