holt modern biology chapter 12 vocab words--inheritance patterns and human genetics
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation including all of the vocab words for Holt Modern Biology chapter 12. It includes both sections one and two.TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12 VocabINHERITANCE PATTERNSAND HUMAN GENETICS
Holt Modern Biology Textbook
Sex Chromosome
a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual
(We can see that this karyotypecodes for a male)
Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Sex-linked Trait
a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans
Linked Gene
One of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together
Chromosome Map
A diagram of gene positions on a chromosome
Map Unit
in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over
Germ-cell Mutation
mutation that occurs in an organism's gametes
Somatic-cell Mutation
A mutation that occurs in a body cell
Lethal Mutation
a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive
Deletion
Loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
Inversion
a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
Translocation
an exchange of chromosome parts
Nondisjunction
meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate
Point Mutation
gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
Substitution
A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
Frameshift Mutation
mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Insertion Mutation
a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene
Pedigree
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
Carrier
an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
Genetic Disorder
an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
Polygenic
of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once
Complex Character
characters that are influenced strongly both by the environment and by genes
Multiple Allele
genes with three or more alleles
Codominance
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Incomplete Dominance
one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
Sex-influenced Trait
an autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones
Huntington’s Disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
Amniocentesis
Technique that allows a physician to remove from the amnion, the sac that surrounds the fetus, between the 14th and 16th week of pregnancy
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Sampling of cells derived from the zygote that grow between the mother's uterus and placenta between the 8th and 10th week of pregnancy
Genetic Counseling
Guidance for prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children
Gene Therapy
The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder
Crossing-Over
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
can result in genetic recombination