Team Name: _________________________Team #: _________________________

Student Name: _________________________Student Name: _________________________

Remote Sensing – Division C – Eastside Invitational - 2018

Participants will use remote sensing theories, imagery, and data to complete tasks related to climate change processes in Earth’s system.

All answers must be placed on the answer sheet. Anything not on the answer sheet will NOT be graded! Work does not need to be shown to receive credit.

Each team may bring four (4) 8.5” x 11” two-sided sheets of paper containing any information from any source. Each participant may bring a metric ruler, a protractor, and any kind of non-graphing calculator. No other resources may be used.

At the completion of the test, please turn in all testing materials and staple your test back together.

All numerical answers MUST have units to receive credit!

Time of Examination: 50 Minutes Total Points: 63

Matching - Answers may be used more than once.

1. _______ Which type of visible light has the highest frequency?

2. _______ These types of sensors provide their own source of energy to observe an object.

3. _______ What term can be measured on a range between 0 and 1?

4. _______ Which greenhouse gas is removed from the atmosphere through photosynthesis?

5. _______ This is the sensitivity of the sensor’s detector.

6. _______ What is the measure of reflectance of a surface?

7. _______ This type of sensor uses pulsed laser beams to measure distances to the Earth.

8. _______ Which type of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

9. _______ Which greenhouse gas is referred to as High Global Warming Potential gas?

10. _______ These types of sensors sense energy naturally, without the introduction of supplied energy.

11. _______ This is the measure of the area or size of the smallest dimension of a surface in which a measurement can be made by a sensor. 12. _______ This type of gas makes up less than 1% by volume of the Earth’s atmosphere.

A. Temporal ResolutionB. PassiveC. Spatial ResolutionD. MethaneE. RadarF Trace

G. BlueH. Radiometric ResolutionI. ActiveJ. RedK. LidarL. Green

M. AlbedoN. CO2O. Spectral ResolutionP. Fluorinated gases

True or False & Multiple Choice

13. _______ The coarser the spectral resolution, the narrower the wavelength range for a particular channel or band.

14. _______ The longer the wavelength the higher the frequency.

15. _______ LiDAR sensors measure the time of the return of a light pulse, not the distance traveled.

16. _______ Planck’s Law / Function states that the energy of a quantum is indirectly proportional to its wavelength.

17. _______ Wein’s Law states that the wavelength at which the maximum spectral radiance occurs varies inversely with the blackbody’s absolute temperature

18. _______ Stefan-Boltzman’s Law only applies for an energy source that absorbs all incident radiation, regardless of incidence.

19. _______ Mie Scattering is the reason why the sky is blue.

20. _______ Plant respiration is a process that removes carbon from Earth’s atmosphere.

21. _______ Radar-based remote sensing can be either active or passive.

22. _______ An atmospheric window is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in which radiation can be transmitted through the atmosphere with minimal (or no) absorption.

23. _______ Non-Selective Scattering occurs when radiation interacts with atmospheric particles _____ in size as compared to the wavelength of incoming radiation.

A. smaller B. the same size C. larger

24. _______ Which greenhouse gas has the lowest concentration in the atmosphere? A. Carbon Dioxide B. Fluorinated gases C. Methane D. Nitrous Oxide E. Water Vapor

25. _______ What type of electromagnetic waves is given off as heat?A. Gamma B. Micro C. Infrared D. All of the above

26. _______ A wave with a small wavelength will have _____ frequency and _____ energy. A. low, low B. high, low C. low, high D. high, high

27. _______ Mie Scattering occurs when radiation interacts with atmospheric particles _____ in size as compared to the wavelength of incoming radiation.

A. smaller B. the same size C. larger

28. _______ What “sphere” are trace gasses the most abundant? A. exosphere B. thermosphere C. mesosphere D. stratosphere E. troposphere

29. _______ This type of radiation has the lowest frequency.

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A. Gamma B. Radio C. Micro D. X rays

30. _______ The finer the ______ resolution of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy

A. Radiometric B. Temporal C. Spatial D. Spectral

31. _______ Which greenhouse gas is emitted due to farming and industrial activates, as well as during the combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste? A. Carbon Dioxide B. Fluorinated gases C. Methane D. Nitrous Oxide E. Water Vapor

32. _______ Rayleigh Scattering occurs when radiation interacts with atmospheric particles _____ in size as compared to the wavelength of incoming radiation.

A. smaller B. the same size C. larger

For questions 33 – 38 use the satellite images located at the front of the room. Choose which of the following before and after image pairs BEST illustrates the following processes that are results of global warming or lead to an increase in global warming trends.

33. _______ Glaciation

34. _______ River Flooding

35. _______ Drought

36. _______ Wildfire

37. _______ Urbanization

38. _______ Melting Ice Cap

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When using LiDAR to determine the elevation of Earth’s surface the following equation is used:

Δz = (c ∗ Δt) / 2Where

Δz = elevation (m)c = the speed of light

Δt = the change in time (s)

39. Briefly explain why must we divide by two?

40. The LiDAR image below shows the highest point in Macomb County, Michigan, Twombly Mountain (exaggerated by a factor of 5), which has an elevation of 1,150 ft (3,773 m). The plane collecting this data was flying at 40,000 ft (12,190 m). How long would it take a LiDAR pulse to hit the very top of Twombly Mountain and return to the sensor?

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Use the maps (A & B) below to answer questions 41 – 43.

41. _______ This is a large scale map.

42. _______ This is a small scale map.

43. _______ What is the approximate area (in ft2) of the parking lot on the north side (red box) of Stevenson High school?

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Use the image below to answer questions 44 – 46.

(Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio Historic calving front locations courtesy of Anker Weidick and Ole Bennike)

44_______ What is the approximate distance (in km) of glacial retreat between 1902 and 1964?

45. _______ What is the approximate distance (in km) of glacial retreat between 2000 and 2006?

46. What conclusion can you make concerning the rate of glacier retreat between the two different time periods?

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47. X-ray radiation has a frequency of 8.00 × 1014 Hz. Using Planck’s Equation, calculate the energy, in Joules, of the photon.

48. Light with a wavelength of 540 nm is green. Using Planck’s Equation, calculate the energy, in Joules, for a green light photon.

In mid-December 2017, the Thomas Fire in California had grown to exceed an area bigger than the cities of New York and Boston combined. Reports indicated that at one point, the Thomas Fire had reached temperatures of 1,300 °F (704 °C).

GOES infrared satellite image (left) from CIMSS Satellite Blog; true color image (right) from edhat.com

49. Using Stefan-Boltzmann’s Law, calculate how much radiation is emitted at this temperature.

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Vostok, Antarctica is the coldest location on Earth and is also home to scientific research that includes ice core drilling, which allows scientist to reconstruct historic climates and glacial periods. The lowest and highest temperatures recorded at Vostok were -128 °F (-89 °C) and 7 °F (-14 °C), respectively. Using Wein’s Law, calculate the peak wavelength for blackbody radiation from ice located at Vostok, Antarctica.

50. What is the wavelength of peak intensity from the ice during the coldest temperatures at Vostok?

Ice cores from Vostok were used to create the graph below, which shows the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and the temperature for the past 400,000 years.

51. _______ Between 140,000 and 130,000 years ago, Earth experience a warming period. What was the temperature change between the 10,000 years?

52. _______ For the same period, what was the change in concentration of carbon dioxide?

53. _______ For the same period, what was the change in concentration of methane?

54. _______ What was the depth range of the ice core that was used to make these estimates?

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CloudSat is a satellite that uses RADAR to sense clouds and precipitation from space and is part of the NASA A-Train satellite series. Match the following satellite imagery to the CloudSat imagery.

SATELLITE IMAGERY CloudSat IMAGERY

55. ______A

56. ______

B

57. ______

C

58. ______

D

Imagery from NASA and The Colorado State University

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59. The speed of light in an unknown medium is measured to be 1.24 x 108 m/s. What is the index of refraction in this unknown medium?

60. Using the refraction index table found in the resources, what is this medium?

Use the figure below to answer the following questions:

61. _______ Which atmospheric species prohibits the most radiation from reaching the ground in the visible region?

A. O3 B. H2O C. CO2 D. none of the above

62. _______ If a sensor was using thermal infrared radiation for remote sensing purposes, what range of wavelengths would produce the worst image of the earth’s ground?

A. 4 – 5 um B. 6 – 7 um C. 14 – 15 um D. 11 – 12 um

63. _______ At what wavelength is there the smallest amount of atmospheric reflection and absorption of radiation?

A. 7 x 106 m B. 5 x 106 m C. 3.5 x 106 m D. 2.5 x 106 m

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Remote Sensing – Division C – Haslett Invitational – RESOURCES

Temperature Conversions

Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F):F = (9/5) x C + 32

Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C):C = (F – 32) x (5/9)Kelvin (K) to Celsius (C):

C = K – 273.15Celsius (C) to Kelvin (K):

K = C + 273.15Fahrenheit (F) to Kelvin (K):

K = (5/9) x (F – 32) + 273

Refraction Indices of Known Materials

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