home automation - 123seminarsonly.com · 2012-03-25 · october 19, 2005 home automation, p. m....

Home Automation

Peter M. O’Neill

1

Home Automation, P. M. O’Neill 2October 19, 2005

Scope of This TalkIntroduce the why, what, and how of home automation as I take you through what I did on the house I built last year.Things I did not do but

Would recommendWould NOT recommend

Where the technology and business are headed


Why AutomateCoordinate disparate systems

Logical interactionCentral control & communication

Remote control & reportingSecurity

Coordinate detection & response to threatsEnergy conservation

Tailor consumption to occupancy


Some Events I ImplementedChristmas lights

On at dusk – not clock timeOff at 10:30pm – not x hours later

Go to bedGarage door down if upAll but porch light off

Smoke alarmFurnace blower offLight escape path

Extreme temperature –reduce ventilator scheduleTrash day message

When leave house:Set back temperatureArm security systemStop hot water recirc.Stop kitchen instant hot waterStop ventilator

Anticipate arrival homeRestore temperatureDriveway light on if dark

At bedtime, redefine light switch for path from office to master bath skipping sleeping wife


What to AutomateLighting

Coordinated timingScenes

Heating, Ventilating, Air ConditioningTemperature & distribution for occupancySingle program for multiple zones

SecurityTie to lighting


What Not to AutomateWhat doesn’t make sense to me.

IrrigationSprinkler controller already have highly developed logic & interface for the purposeMaybe add an override from home system

Window coveringsOnly need to move when I’m aroundCan move myself

Kitchen appliancesHave their own timersDon’t need to control remotelyUseful interaction with my refrigerator?Leave it to the Jetsons

Entertainment electronicsGood to coordinate home theater …but don’t need things like TV when I wake or music at dinner time


Devices in the Today’s HouseLight fixturesHVAC

FurnaceWater heater

Hot water recirc. pumpAir conditionerVentilator

EntertainmentAudioVideo

ConvenienceGarage door operatorKitchen instant hot waterIrrigation valves

Communication & Computation

TelephonePersonal computer

Security sensorsSmokeCOMotion


These Devices Already Have Controls, Some Organized into (Sub)Systems

ConvenienceRF garage remoteIrrigation controllerTimer

Communication & Computation

PhoneEthernet: wired & RFVideo

SecuritySecurity panel

Light fixturesIndividual timerDimmer

HVACSetback thermostatZone controllerTimer

EntertainmentIR remoteLocal buss


Observations on ControllabilityHome automation is really about providing a higher level of coordination and communication among devices many of which are already controllableBut some devices are just adding, or haven’t yet added, controllability

Door lockSurveillance cameraGas water heater


Gaining Access to DevicesSensing

Controller – Provides ADC input interpreted as digital or analogOn/Off

Device - Add relay coil to current path for isolated (floating) contact closure

AnalogDevice – Provide buffered, ground referenced voltage

ActuationOn/Off

Controller – Provides low power dry relay contactsDevice – Add power relay contacts to current path for isolated (floating) contact closure

AnalogController – Provides DAC to force ground-referenced voltageDevice – Buffer & refer output to ground


Device CommunicationPro Con

Hardwired point-to-point Simple & reliable Prohibitive to retrofit. Lots of wire

Powerline Carrier Uses existing wiring Attenuation, Isolation

X10 Most available devices Varying quality, Slow

Universal Powerline Bus (UPB)

Modern digital. Fast.X10 done right

Cost, Availability (Introduced Spring ’05)

Hardwired serial bus Rock solid. Simple, efficient wiring can even be retrofitted

Nonstandard MAC & higher

LonWorks Extremely versatile No house devices available

RS485/422/232 Availability Only PHY is standard

Radio No signal wire. Easy retrofit

Size. Battery access. Antenna. Interference

Proprietary Availability Compatibility. Quality

Zigbee Standard. Long battery life. Cheap.

Availability started in 2005


My HouseObjectives:

Right size for a coupleStylish, not ostentatiousDurableEnergy efficient

Size:1,484+1,090=2,574 ft23 bedroomsLiving, Kitchen, Dining, Family, OfficeFull basement2-1/2 car garage


Lighting ControlMost extensively addressed automation topicAll device communication methods availableAll degrees of controllers

Dedicated Tied to home theater system Integrated with whole house automation

Too expensive for all switches

X10 from Lightolier, Leviton, Lutron, Vantage , X10 Power House

Wireless – Lutron “RadioRA”

UPB from HAI et al


OnQ Advanced Lighting Control (ALC)Up to 31 addressable load switches on 2-wire serial (RS-485) bus. Relay or dimmer.

Up to 9 auxiliary switches controlling load switch on 3-wire DC bus


Heat/Cool Control

Damper Rotary SolenoidsZone Controller – Operates dampers & furnace/AC from thermostat inputs

Communicating Thermostat• One stat per zone (floor) – 3 total• Stat talks to zone controller over conventional

7-wire 24 VAC• Automation controller talks to stat via RS-485• Outside temp. sensor displayed on all stats• Fully manual or local program as well


Heat-Recovery VentilatorAir-to-air heat exchangerIncoming fresh air brought to temp. of exhausted stale airReplaces bathroom fansFreshens whole houseScheduled & on-demand


Recirculating Hot Water

Draw hot water

from top

Recirc. loop provides hot water immediately at tapHeater has

Sealed combustionInduced draftElectric ignition

Circulation increases standby heat loss so scheduleWant to schedule ignition

Pump

Return cooled water

to bottom


High Power Control

Automation controller relays only handle low currentUse them to drive higher current or voltage relays in separate boxAdd 24VAC coil supply for 120VAC contact relays

Relays on DIN rail

24VAC xformer


Sensors for Security & Automation

Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Passive IR & Microwave Motion Detector

Acoustic Glass Break Sensor

Ordering Product

Magnetic Garage Door Switch

Information Literature

Wire

less

W

indo

w/D

oor S

witc

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Recessed Magnetic Window/Door Switch


Security Devices – ConnectionsSignaling always by “dry” contact closure rated at least 12 VDC

Often both NC & NO providedNC allows supervision

Passive device – 2 wires for contact closureActive device

2 wires for contact closure2 wires for 12 VDC powerTamper switch adds 2 more wires to detect case opening


Controllers (Computers)Requirements

Highly reliable for:Continuous operationSecurity

Intensive real-world interfaceReal-time event orientation

OptionsPersonal Computer

Unstable OSUnreliable hard diskComputer interfacesGeneral purpose language

Automation ControllerNo hard disk or other moving partsOS & program in FlashLots of I/O

Serial I/O bussesRelay outputsDAC outputsADC inputs

Event programmingLighting PanelSecurity Panel


HAI Controllers

Input

Output


HAI Omni II


Event ProgrammingChristmas lighting12:01 AM 12/20 YEARLY: ChristmasFlg ON12:01 AM 1/2 YEARLY: ChristmasFlg OFFSUNSET MTWTFSS &IF ChristmasFlg ON: Front Outlet ON10:30 PM MTWTFSS &IF ChristmasFlg ON: Front Outlet OFF

Light driveway for arrival on bike20 MINUTES BEFORRE SUNSET MTWTF-- &IF TIME CLOCK 1 ENABLED: Driveway Lit ON6:15 PM MTWTF--: Driveway Lit OFF

Go to bedWHEN ARM NIGHT: ArmedFlg ONWHEN ARM NIGHT: AsleepFlg ONWHEN AsleepFlg ON: RUN SleepTemp5:45 AM MTWTF– &IF AsleepFlg ON: RUN WakeTempWHEN ArmedFlg ON &IF Garage Car NOT READY: Garage Door ON FOR 1 SECONDWHEN SleepTemp: Second Floor HEAT SETPOINT 65WHEN SleepTemp: Main Floor HEAT SETPOINT 63WHEN WakeTemp: Second Floor HEAT SETPOINT 70WHEN WakeTemp: Main Floor HEAT SETPOINT 70


Human Interfaces

Touch screen

Console - Button

ConsoleSimple buttonsElaborate touch screen

Personal computerProprietary programWeb browser

Program switchDefine function by time or condition

Inside telephone

Program Switch


External CommunicationTelephone

Assign recorded words to devices, events, statesCall in to check or changeCalls out to report eventCan be hard to understand

WebWeb server built into controllerRequires persistent Internet connectionVery clearPermits video & audio


Other Communications SystemsTelephone

ExternalIntercom

VideoOutside: cable, terrestrial or satellite ant.Inside: DVD, PVR, media server

Data NetworkComputer EthernetBest way to distribute audio

IR RemotesAll entertainment devices have themCan be repeated, read, synthesized


Multi-port wall plate

Structured WiringCommunications & control wiring designed to be reconfigured for multiple usesPrimarily star topology emanating from wiring cabinet where external & cross connections made & functions definedRelies on:

Connection blocks & hubs in cabinetConfigurable wall platesCable bundlesConduit

Entertainment connection center


My System DesignDistributed & hierarchical

Everything can operate normally w/o controllerAll devices have local manual controlEx.: Controller → Thermostat → Zone Cntrl. → Furnace. Zone dampers fail open

Complied to standards where availableQuality décor, no “industrial” lookReliableLighting

12 ALC lights, one 6-way1 PIR switchPLC supplemental

HVACCom. stats in 3 zonesOutside temp. sensorBooster fan/T-stat for officeHRV – schedule & use pt.Recirc. HW – scheduled

Security6 smoke, 1 CO detectors2 water leak sensorsDoor & window switchesInt. & ext. motion detectorsGlass break detectorsInt. & ext. sounders + call out

Control2 consoles + PC control/programTelephone accessKit. instant HW relayGarage door relayDoor chime relay

Structured WiringEvery room – 2 Cat5, 2 RG6

Cat5 – phone, Ethernet, IR remoteRG6 – TV, video, surveillance

Extra bundles to office, living, kitchenEntertainment connection centerAudio only in living & kitchen


Structured Wiring Cabinet

FrontBack, Stairwell

Wiring Closet


Cabinet DetailsALC

Interface Board

Omni II Controller

Sensor Inputs

LV Relay Outputs

Ethernet Hub

Telephone Splitter &

Switch

TV Splitter


Wire!Cat5 UTP – Ethernet,

PhoneRG6 coax – TV, VideoAWG24, 4-conductor –

Security, Slow serial busses

Cable bundles in basement ceiling. Much of this is zip

bundle of 2 Cat5, 2 RG6 coax

Configurable LV wall jacks

Run conduit for the future – optical fiber


Sources & ReferencesBooks

Most are worthless – what, not howStructured Wiring Design Manual & follow-on

Vendor’s manualsHard to obtain security device manuals

DistributorsSmarthome, Safe-Mart, HomeSecurityStore .comRexel/ColotexHad to use 4 sources for sensorsMany items are rebadged and resold


Design & Installation TipsThoroughly explore your habits, control logic Run more wire than you think you’ll need. Cat5 has many usesDesign & document in detail before installationUpdate documents as soon as changes madeLabel everything as it is installedInvest in good electrical toolsLong training period before engaging alarm


Barriers to Wider AdoptionPrice – way higher than comparable consumer electronicsStandardizationVolume manufacturingInformation & training for DYI

Some vendors only work with installersSecurity device manuals restricted by GE & Honeywell oligopoly

Qualified installers to hireTechnology is not a barrier – it’s already here!


Technology & Commercialization Directions

DriversHome theaterDigital device networkingConsumer comfort with comms & control tech.

Winning TechnologiesHome server computer – always on, quietZigbee std. wireless communicationSerial busses replacing point-to-point

Growing installer baseCEDIA certification

Well established small companiesOnQ, HAI, JDS, Crestron, ELK

Big companies entering or ready to enterMicrosoft, GE, Honeywell, Leviton


My Wish ListLower pricesSerial bus standard at all network levelsWall switch for multipoint switching

Center off, up momentary on, down momentary onAffordable in Decora style, not $35 Leviton modelOr pulse on, pulse off electronics module

Inline relay: 120VAC load, 12VDC coilSwitchable gas water heater controllerHeat/cool control to outside temperature

home automation - 123seminarsonly.com · 2012-03-25 · october 19, 2005 home automation, p. m....

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