HOME STYLES SINCE 1700

CHAPTER 1518TH, 19TH, AND 20TH

CENTURY HOMES

18TH CENTURY

• IMMIGRANT STYLES

• THE GEORGIAN PERIODGEORGIAN STYLE

• THE FEDERAL PERIOD ADAM STYLE EARLY CLASSICAL REVIVAL STYLE

IMMIGRANT STYLES

• IMMIGRANTS BROUGHT THEIR STYLE OF HOMES TO THE COLONIES THEY CREATED. THE MATERIALS USED AND STYLES BUILT WERE NATIVE TO THEIR HOMELANDS. CONTINUOUS

GEORGIAN STYLE

• MAIN CHARACTERISTICS– FORMAL BALANCED DESIGN,

OFTEN W/2-3 STORIES– GABLE OR HIP ROOF– LARGE, SYMMETRIC

WINDOWS– DOORWAY DETAILS: HOME’S

FOCAL POINT• PEDIMENT• PILASTERS

– CORNICE– CENTRAL CHIMNEY OR

CHIMNEY AT EACH END OF HOUSE

– CONTRASTING MATERIALS• RED BRICK WITH WHITE

WOOD TRIM 1700-1780

FEDERAL PERIODADAM STYLE

• RECTANGULAR DESIGN WITH ONE OR MORE STORIES.

• GABLE ROOFS WITH A DECORATIVE CORNICE

• SYMMETRIC WINDOWS– A FANLIGHT IS OFTEN

ABOVE THE DOOR OR IN THE PEDIMENT

• DECORATIVE INTERIORS WITH LOTS OF PLASTER & WOOD CARVINGS

• MANTLES AROUND FIREPLACES

1780-1820

FEDERAL PERIODEARLY CLASSICAL REVIVAL

• THOMAS JEFFERSON (ARCHITECT & PRES.)

• USED FOR MANY GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS

• VERY SIMILAR TO ADAM STYLE

• DISTINGUISHED BY THE PORTICO (TALL, OPEN PORCH SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OVER THE FRONT ENTRANCE).

• TOPPED BY A TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT 1770-1830

19TH CENTURY

• ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIODGREEK REVIVAL STYLEGOTHIC REVIVAL STYLEITALIANATE STYLE

• VICTORIAN PERIODMANSARD STYLEQUEEN ANNE STYLE

ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIODGREEK REVIVAL STYLE

• FEATURES LINKED TO TEMPLES OF ANCIENT GREECE

• SOUTHERN PLANTATION STYLE: TWO STORY PORCH SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS

• FEATURES:– TWO-STORY RECTANGLE

W/SYMMETRIC WINDOWS– GABLE ROOF AND PILASTERS– ELABORATE ENTRANCE– COLUMNS SUPPORTING A

SMALL OR LARGE PORCH1825-1860

ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIODGOTHIC REVIVAL STYLE

• EUROPEAN FEATURES– POINTED ARCHES– CIRCULAR WINDOWS

W/ORNAMENTAL CARVED STONE

– MOST BUILT OF WOOD (STONE TOO EXPENSIVE)

– HIGH-PEAKED GOTHIC GABLES DECORATED W/GINGERBREAD, LACY-LOOKING, CUT-OUT WOOD TRIM

1840-1880

ROMANTIC REVIVAL STYLEITALIANATE STYLE

• ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF ITALIAN VILLAS OR ESTATES– OFTEN SQUARE AND TWO

STORIES HIGH– WIDE, OVERHANGING HIP

ROOFS W/DECORATIVE BRACKETS

– LONG, NARROW WINDOWS WERE ARCHED AND CROWNED WITH AN INVERTED, U-SHAPED STRUCTURE

1840-1885

VICTORIAN PERIODMANSARD STYLE

• FRENCH INFLUENCED– MOST NOTABLE FEATURE

WAS THE BOXLIKE MANSARD ROOF, WHICH HAS TWO SLOPES ON ALL SIDES.

– DECORATED CORNICES– FRENCH WINDOWS, THAT

ARE LONG AND OPEN LENGTHWISE AT THE MIDDLE

– DORMER WINDOWS FOR THE TOP STORY 1860-1880

VICTORIAN PERIODQUEEN ANNE STYLE

• VERY FANCIFUL STYLE– IRREGULAR STEEP ROOF WITH

ORNAMENTAL GABLES– OVERLAPPING DECORATIVE

WOOD SHINGLES FOR SIDING– WRAPAROUND PORCHES WITH

RAILINGS AND COLUMNS– MANY HAVE CIRCULAR TOWER

THAT EXTENDS THE HEIGHT OF THE HOUSE

– VARIETY OF DECORATIVE WOODWORK; LIKE SPINDLES, BRACKETS, AND CUT-OUTS

– EXTERIROR USUALLY PAINTED SEVERAL DIFFERENT COLORS 1870-1890

EARLY 20TH CENTURY

• PERIOD REVIVAL STYLESCOLONIAL REVIVAL STYLETUDOR STYLECHATEAUESQUE STYLEMISSION STYLE

• MODERN STYLESPRAIRIE STYLECRAFTSMAN STYLEINTERNATIONAL STYLE

PERIOD REVIVAL STYLESCOLONIAL REVIVAL STYLE

• DUPLICATED HOUSE STYLES FROM THEIR OWN COUNTRY’S PAST (GEORGAIN, SALTBOX, AND CAPE COD)– FRONT DOOR IS PROMINENT,

SOMETIMES INCLUDING A PEDIMENT

– WINDOWS APPEAR IN SYMMETRICALLY BALANCED PAIRS, WITH DOUBLE HUNG SASHES

– WOOD SHUTTERS– WOOD SIDING OR BRICK

EXTERIOR1880-1955

PERIOD REVIVAL STYLETUDOR STYLE

• RESEMBLED EARLY ENGLISH COTTAGES– HALF-TIMBERED LOOK– STEEPLY PITCHED ROOFS– GABLES AT THE FRONT

AND SIDES– TALL, NARROW WINDOWS

USUALLY PLACED IN GROUPS W/MANY SMALL PANES

– MASSIVE CHIMNEYS– STUCCO, BRICK AND

STONE AMONG MOST USED EXTERIOR WALL SURFACES

1890-1940

PERIOD REVIVAL STYLESCHATEAUESQUE STYLE

• MODELED AFTER FRENCH PALACES– FEATURED TOWERS

AND/OR TURRETS– ORNAMENTAL METAL

CRESTING– ELABORATE MOLDINGS– RELIEF CARVINGS– ARCHED WINDOWS AND

DOORWAYS– FEATURES GAVE HOME A

VERY GRAND LOOK (MANY FAMILIES COULDN’T AFFORD THE UPKEEP 1880-1910

PERIOD REVIVAL STYLEMISSION STYLE

• INSPIRED BY THE MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA– ARCHED DOORWAYS AND

WINDOWS– TILED ROOFS OFTEN

HIDDEN BY PARAPETS– EXTERIOR WALLS MADE

OF STUCCO– BELL TOWERS AND

TURRETS W/PYRAMID-SHAPED ROOFS ADDED CHARM TO THE TRADITIONAL SHAPES

1890-1920

MODERN STYLESPRAIRIE STYLE

• ORIGINALLY DESIGNED BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT– EMPHASIS ON

HORIZONTAL LINES– LOW-PITCHED ROOFS

W/OVERHANGING EAVES– WIDE PORCHES– ROWS OF LEADED GLASS

WINDOWS– INTERIOR ROOMS FLOWED

INTO ONE ANOTHER, GIVING AN SPACIOUS FEEL

– ROOMS CONNECTED TO OUTDOORS WHERE THERE WERE PORCHES, PATIOS AND/OR TERRACES

1900-1920

MODERN STYLESCRAFTSMAN STYLE

• ORIGINATED IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA- STYLE DISTINGUISHED BY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUNGALOW– SMALL, ONE-STORY HOUSE

WITH AN OVERHANGING ROOF AND A COVERED PORCH

– LOW-PITCHED GABLE ROOF (SOME HAVE HIP ROOFS)

– DECORATIVE BEAMS OR BRACES UNDER THE EAVES

– FULL OR PARTIAL-WIDTH PORCHES W/THE ROOF SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR PEDESTALS EXTENDING TO THE GROUND

– 0NE-AND-A-HALF STORY VARIATION 1905-1930

MODERN STYLESINTERNATIONAL STYLE

• ORIGINATED BY EUROPEAN ARCHITECTS WHO WERE EXPERIMENTING W/NEW MATERIALS & BUILDING METHODS– EMPHASIZE FUNCTION OR

USEFULNESS– DECORATIVE AND

ORNAMENTAL FEATURES ARE AVOIDED

– GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND CLEAN LINES ARE EMPHASIZED

– RESEMBLES A PIECE OF ART OR SCULPTURE

– USUALLY A FLAT ROOF– EXTEROIR WALLS ARE

SMOOTH, BLANK SURFACES AND LARGE EXPANSES OF WINDOWS

1925-PRESENT

MID 20TH CENTURYTO TODAY

• POSTWAR MODERN STYLESRANCH STYLECONTEMPORARY STYLESPLIT-LEVEL STYLESHED STYLE

• UNIQUE DESIGNSA- FRAMEGEODESIC DOME

POSTWAR MODERN STYLESRANCH STYLE

• RANCH STYLE IS A LONG, LOW, ONE-STORY HOUSE BUILT TO RESEMBLE THE HOUSES BUILT BY THE EARLY SETTLERS OF THE WEST– LOW PITCHED GABLE OR

HIP ROOF– DECORATIVE SHUTTERS

AND PICTURE WINDOWS– SOME HAVE PARTIALLY

ENCLOSED PATIOS OR COURTYARDS BASED ON THE SPANISH INFLUENCE

– PRIVATE OUTDOOR LIVING AREAS ARE GENERALLY IN THE BACK OF THE HOUSE

1935-PRESENT

POSTWAR MODERN STYLESCONTEMPORARY STYLE

• POPULAR AMONG ARCHITECTS DURING THE 50’S, 60’S, AND 70’S– WIDE EAVE OVERHANGS– FLAT OR LOW-PITCHED

ROOFS W/LOW GABLES– EXPOSED SUPPORTING

BEAMS– CONTRASTING WALL

MATERIALS & TEXTURES– UNUSUAL PLACEMENT &

SHAPES OF WINDOWS– MEANT TO BLEND IN WITH

THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE 1950-1975

POSTWAR MODERN STYLESSPLIT-LEVEL STYLE

• MODIFICATION OF RANCH STYLE– HAS AT LEAST TWO

LEVELS OF LIVING SPACE, CONNECTED BY SHORT FLIGHTS OF STAIRS

– SOME HAVE BASEMENTS, ADDING ANOTHER LEVEL

– DESIGNED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SLOPING LOTS

– PROVIDES SPACE OF A RANCH HOME WITHOUT REQUIRING AS LARGE A LOT

– VERY POPULAR FOR ENTERTAINING PURPOSES

1950-PRESENT

POSTWAR MODERN STYLESSHED STYLE

• GREW OUT OF TEACHINGS OF SEVERAL FAMOUS ARCHITECTS– COMBINATION OF STEEPLY

PITCHED SHED ROOFS, EACH OF WHICH MAY SLOPE AT A DIFFERENT ANGLE AND FACE IN A DIFFERENT DIRECTION

– LITTLE OR NO TRADITIONAL ORNAMENTATION

– WOOD SHINGLE OR BOARD SIDING APPLIED VERTICALLY, DIAGONALLY, OR HORIZONTALLY

– WINDOWS ARE SMALL AND PLACED ASYMMETRICALLY

1960’S-1970’S

UNIQUE STYLESA-FRAME

• DESIGN IN WHICH THE GABLED ROOF CONTINUES TO GROUND LEVEL– ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR

SEPARATE SIDE WALLS– USED MOSTLY FOR

VACATION HOMES– EASE IN BUILDING AND

BROAD RANGE OF MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED TO CONSTRUCT ARE THE MAIN ADVANTAGES

– ODD INTERIOR SPACES CREATED BY IT’S DESIGN ARE A DISADVANTAGE

1940-PRESENT

UNIQUE STYLESGEODESIC DOME

• INVENTED BY ARCHITECT BUCKMINSTER FULLER– EFFICIENT HOME BUILT OF

TRIANGULAR FRAMES THAT ARE JOINED TO FORM A SELF- SUPPORTING ROOF & WALLS

– FRAME IS METAL OR PLASTIC

– INTERIOR WALLS NOT NECESSARY

– GREAT INTERIOR FLOOR PLAN FLEXIBILITY

– LOW-COST, ENERGY-SAVING HOUSING

– LESS BUILDING MATERIALS NEEDED

– CONSIDERED VISUALLY UNAPPEALING TO MANY

1940-PRESENT