homelessness in the city of swan

Ordinary Meeting of Council 13 December 2017

2.4 HOMELESSNESS IN THE CITY OF SWAN

Ward: (No Wards) (Lifespan Services)

Disclosure of Interest: Nil

Authorised Officer: (Executive Manager Community Wellbeing)

KEY ISSUES

• There is indicative prevalence of homelessness in the City of Swan.

• The City has identified current services available in the City of Swan to address homelessness.

• There has been an assessment of current gaps in service provision.

• Recommendations are made that the City can undertake in the short, medium and long term in its role as closest tier of government to the community, as its response to addressing homelessness.

It is recommended that Council resolve to endorse the recommendations for short term responses to address homelessness and street presence, the development of a cross-functional working group to deliver recommendations for medium term responses and the continued monitoring of homelessness within the City of Swan.

BACKGROUND

The increase in instances of homelessness, and media coverage of homelessness in the City, indicated a need for some evidence based research on homelessness. This report represents the findings from a desktop review of literature and information gathered from consultations with City place-based staff, homelessness service providers, community groups; and people experiencing homelessness in the City of Swan.

There is anecdotal evidence of an increase in people sleeping rough in public areas, including vehicular residency within the City. Cases reported in the City include rough sleepers taking shelter against City owned buildings such as Midland Public Library, The Midland Town Hall, The Old Midland Courthouse and buildings owned by local businesses. Other cases recorded include hidden homeless young people, people living out of their cars, use of church and shopping centre car parks, public open space, parks and bush camping particularly in Rural Place.

Homelessness Current State of Homelessness in City of Swan Prepared by: Lifespan Services June 2017

State of Homelessness in the City of Swan

Page 2 of 22

Table of Contents 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Defining Homelessness .......................................................................................................... 4

2.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Description of Respondents .................................................................................................. 5

3.0 Homelessness Policy Overview ......................................................................................... 5

3.1 International ............................................................................................................................ 5

3.2 National .................................................................................................................................... 5

3.3 State ......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.4 Local .......................................................................................................................................... 6

4.0 Homelessness in the City of Swan .................................................................................. 7

4.1 Who is at Risk of Becoming Homeless in the City of Swan? ........................................... 7

4.2 Drivers for homelessness in the City of Swan ................................................................... 8

4.3 Key Issues Affecting Homeless People in the City of Swan............................................. 9

4.4 Who is Homeless in the City of Swan? .............................................................................. 10

4.5 Service Provision................................................................................................................... 12 4.5.1 Gaps in Addressing Homelessness in the City of Swan ................................................... 12

5.0 Recommendations for Addressing Homelessness in the City of Swan.............. 13

6.0 Conclusion and Future Directions ................................................................................... 15

References ......................................................................................................................................... 17

Appendix 1: Homelessness Services, Programs and Initiatives in the City of Swan 0


Page 3 of 22

1.0 Background Access to safe, secure, affordable housing underpins the economic and social well-being of

households and their communities. Homelessness includes people who are sleeping rough,

as well as people staying in temporary, unstable or substandard accommodation. Many

people who are homeless cycle between homelessness and marginal housing.

Homelessness is not just a housing problem; it has many drivers and causes. These include

the shortage of affordable housing, long term unemployment, mental health issues,

substance abuse and family and relationship breakdown. Among women, domestic and

family violence is the main reason for seeking help from specialist homelessness services

(FAHCSIA, 2008). The real costs of homelessness are seen in dollar terms across the

criminal justice system, welfare agencies, mental health services, schools and in health

centres and hospitals. At the local level, the social costs are also significant including

increasing crime rates, increased levels of violence impacting on community wellbeing

including physical, mental and emotional stress (DCPFS, 2016). A comprehensive response

to homelessness requires commitment and involvement by not-for profit community sector

organisations, industry and all levels of government.

The increase in instances of homelessness, and media coverage of homelessness in the

City of Swan, indicate a need for evidence based research on homelessness. There is

anecdotal evidence of an increase in people sleeping rough in public areas, including

vehicular residency within the City of Swan. Cases reported in the City include rough

sleepers taking shelter against City owned buildings such as Midland Public Library, The

Midland Town Hall, The Old Midland Courthouse and buildings owned by local businesses.

Other cases recorded include hidden homeless young people, people living out of their cars,

use of church and shopping centre car parks, public open space, parks and bush camping

particularly in Rural Place.

This report represents the findings from a desktop review of literature and information

gathered from consultations with City place-based staff, homelessness service providers,

community groups; and people experiencing homelessness in the City of Swan. The

objectives of this paper are to:

Determine the prevalence of homelessness in the City of Swan

Identify current services available in the City of Swan to address homelessness

Assess current gaps in service provision

Recommend best practice initiatives for addressing homelessness


Page 4 of 22

The report includes a review of the policy context, analysis of census data on

homelessness, factors contributing to homelessness, service provision, gaps in addressing

homelessness and possible approaches to respond to homelessness.

1.1 Defining Homelessness

Due to its complexity, homelessness is difficult to define. Homelessness can mean different

things to different people. A statistical definition of homelessness has been adopted by the

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to estimate the prevalence of homelessness in

Australia. The City of Swan refers to homelessness as defined by ABS, which is

“when a person does not have suitable accommodation alternatives they are considered

homeless if their current living arrangement:

Is in a dwelling that is inadequate; or

has no tenure, or if their initial tenure is short and not extendable; or

does not allow them to have control of, and access to space for social relations.”

(ABS, 2012)i

The definition acknowledges that homelessness is not only characterised by ‘rooflessness’

or a lack of shelter, whether temporary or long term, but the insecurity of housing and the

inappropriate nature of that housing. The definition acknowledges the lack of safety and

social exclusion as an expression of homelessness and reflects the reality that in some

situations people may reject acceptable forms of housing for reasons of personal safety and

the safety of children.

2.0 Methodology

The City of Swan State of Homelessness Report has been developed in line with the

University of Adelaide’s Tool Kit for Local Government in addressing homelessness (Prance,

Beer, Horne 2013). The methodology undertaken to develop this report included:

(a) Stage 1: Review of Literature- Review of international, national and state policy

frameworks for homelessness. Literature review also included best practice initiatives

for addressing homelessness including approaches adopted by other local governments

(b) Stage 2: Demographic Analysis- Statistical analysis of 2011 census data on

homelessness for the Perth North-East metropolitan region and City of Swan

(c) Stage 3: Stakeholder consultations- Consultation with City of Swan staff, service

providers, community organisations in the City of Swan and people experiencing

homelessness


Page 5 of 22

2.1 Description of Respondents

The purpose of this report is to provide a thematic analysis. The consultations were largely

qualitative and the survey sample was not a statistical representation of the population

experiencing homelessness in the City of Swan. Thus the report does not include the data

or percentage breakdowns for responses to the interviews.

Service providers and community organisations consulted were Dreambuilders Care,

Anglican Ascension Church, Rise Community Network, Dungeon Youth Centre, Altone

Youth Services, Jacaranda, Meerilinga, Youth Futures WA - COMET Caversham and

St Brigid’s Parish

City of Swan management has also consulted with Indigo Junction on a number of

occasions concerning homelessness in the City

City of Swan Staff consulted were from Swan Volunteer Resource Centre, Midland

and Ellenbrook library, Community Development, Youth Development, Altone Leisure

Centre, Ballajura Leisure Centre and Customer Advocates

People experiencing homelessness in Midland and Altone. Respondents were aged

between 26 and 56 years. Respondents included rough sleepers, people living from

their cars, people living in overcrowded houses and staying in temporary, unstable

or substandard accommodation

Midland - 11 people were interviewed, 8 male respondents and 3 female

respondents

Altone – 4 people were interviewed, 3 female respondents and 1 male

respondent

3.0 Homelessness Policy Overview

3.1 International

The international response to homelessness is guided by the United Nations Human Rights

Covenants and legislation of which Australia is a signatory. Homelessness, inadequate

housing and forced evictions represent violations of international human rights. The

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) recognises the

right to adequate housing which is more than just shelter but adequate privacy, adequate

space, adequate security, adequate lighting and ventilation, adequate basic infrastructure

and adequate location with regard to work and basic facilities-all at a reasonable cost.

3.2 National


Page 6 of 22

At the federal level the Australian Government Policy: The Road Home –A National

Approach to Reducing Homelessness 2007 outlined a strong commitment to ensuring that

no one in Australia is homeless and set an ambitious target to halve homelessness and

offer supported accommodation to all rough sleepers by 2020. In 2009, the Council of

Australian Governments (COAG) Intergovernmental Agreement endorsed the National

Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA). The NAHA is an on-going agreement which sets out

a number of measures seeking to address housing affordability and combat the issue of

homelessness, including: social housing, assistance to people in the private rental market,

specialist services for people who are homeless or at risk of homelessness and strategies to

improve affordability of home ownership.

3.3 State

In Western Australia, The Department of Communities (DoC) is the lead agency responsible

for the coordination and implementation of funding for homelessness services through the

NAHA and the National Partnership Agreement on Homelessness (NPAH). The Department

of Communities - Child Protection and Family Support receives a portion of the

Commonwealth Government funds allocated to Western Australia for the NAHA, with the

remaining funds administered by the Department of Communities - Housing.

Approximately 89% of NAHA funding for DCPFS is allocated to crisis and transitional

accommodation services including refuges and the remaining 11% to support services

including day centres, tenancy support programs, and outreach and support programs

including support for young people leaving child protection (DCPFS, 2016). Through the

NAHA and NPAH, critical safety net services have provided crisis and transitional

accommodation, support and outreach services to help vulnerable Western Australian’s

from falling through the gaps.

3.4 Local

The role of the City in addressing Homelessness is linked to its position as the ‘third tier’ of

Australian governance, which is the closest to the people. Local governments play a

coordinating role, bringing together material, social and community resources to prevent

and end homelessness. The City has conducted a service gap analysis which also included

services related to homelessness across the Place Management Areas.

The Urban Housing Strategy was developed to address future housing needs resulting from

rapid population growth and to ensure the long term sustainable future of residential

development within the City. The Strategy has the capacity to generate significant positive


Page 7 of 22

changes supporting an accessible, well connected and sustainable community where people

of all ages and abilities can access housing that meets their varied needs. The City

supports the objectives of the Department of Communities - Housing 'Opening Doors'

strategy which seeks to maximise affordable housing opportunities by facilitating the

expansion of affordable housing by setting targets for the provision of affordable housing.

The City intends to develop a homelessness plan/strategy or a protocol to outline the

course of action to be taken by City employees when they encounter people who are

homeless and rough-sleeping on City property.

4.0 Homelessness in the City of Swan

4.1 Who is at Risk of Becoming Homeless in the City of Swan?

Research shows that local individuals and families experiencing homelessness or at a high

risk of becoming homeless include:

A person who cannot access affordable and secure housing - there is added

vulnerability for households in the private rental market, particularly households

receiving incomes below the poverty line. In 2011, 16.2 % of the household in the

City of Swan earned $600 or less per week lower than the State average of 18.6%.

17.6% were renting privately less than the State average of 23%. Similar to the

State average, 4.4% of the households in the City were in social housing.

Women, children and young people who are escaping family violence –

Approximately 40% of family homelessness is attributed to being caused by family

violence. Family breakdown, domestic violence, physical, emotional and sexual

abuse, and substance misuse are strongly linked to homelessness amongst children

and young people (NYC, 2008).

People with unmanaged mental health difficulties are more likely to experience

repeated episodes of homelessness or remain homeless long-term. They are also

more likely to experience rough sleeping or and move between crisis accommodation

services (FAHCSIA, 2008).

People who lose their jobs and struggle to secure adequate hours of work for an

income that can cover the costs of rent, food and heating ending up in their cars-this

is often referred to as hidden homelessness. In 2011, 4.8 % of the City of Swan

population was unemployed and youth unemployment rate was 10.2%. 31.1% of

those employed were working part-time.

People previously working and renting or paying a mortgage who become injured or

seriously unwell and unable to return to full time work


Page 8 of 22

Young people leaving state care- Research also highlights an over-representation of

care leavers among the homeless (Johnson et al. 2009). Young people leaving state

out of home care (OHC) have complex needs and often find it challenging to cope

with the multiple transitions they have to make in a short period of time. Some of

these young people are at risk of lifelong poverty, poor health and chronic social

exclusion. The struggle to access or maintain accommodation is a key factor

contributing to these poor outcomes.

People on a Centrelink income such as an Age or Disability Support Pension or

unemployment benefits and unable to secure affordable housing. Consultations

revealed that Centrelink payments are not sufficient to cover rent even with

accommodation supplement

Seniors who have not achieved home ownership by retirement are at great risk of

significant disruption on retirement. These risks include a greater chance of moving

to less secure tenure in low cost and often substandard and inappropriate housing

for their needs as they age. Census results for 2011 show that approximately 13.6%

of the people aged 55 years and above were in rental accommodation.

Humanitarian entrants and Refugees – Housing and homelessness are primary

concern for refugees and humanitarian entrants who struggle to secure sustainable

and appropriate housing (Refugee Council of Australia, 2013). The City of Swan LGA

had the second highest number of Settlement Grant Programme (SGP)1 target group

arrivals in the East Metropolitan Statistical Sub-Division (SSD) for the period 2013-

2014. During this period, there were a total of 885 arrivals, of which 319 people

were humanitarian entrants and 566 people were family stream entrants (DIABP,

2014).

Indigenous- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are over-represented in the

homeless population and are also over-represented among users of services

provided by specialist homelessness agencies (AIHW, 2014). 3.0% (3 208 people) of

City of Swan population were people of Aboriginal or Torres Islander background

higher than the City of Perth (1.6%).

4.2 Drivers for homelessness in the City of Swan

1 SGP target group‟ is a Department of Immigration and Border Control term that refers to permanent residents who have arrived in Australia in the last five years as: humanitarian entrants; family stream migrants with low English proficiency


Page 9 of 22

Homelessness is a complex issue and does not exist in isolation. Rather structural and

personal drivers create pathways into homelessness. Respondents were asked to describe

the main drivers for homelessness in the City of Swan. Housing issues and family and

domestic violence were the most frequently described main drivers of homelessness.

Housing issues noted included lack of affordable and/or suitable accommodation

options and lack of crisis accommodation.

Financial and economic issues - hardship comprising unemployment and inability to

secure stable employment, low income or loss of income.

Parental abuse and violence

Mental illness

Drug and alcohol abuse

Relationship breakdown

4.3 Key Issues Affecting Homeless People in the City of Swan

Feedback from consultations shows that the key issues affecting people experiencing

homelessness in the City included:

Lack of facilities e.g. places to charge mobile phones. Respondents noted that they

use the City libraries or trespass into vacant houses

Lack of storage facilities to store personal belongings

Lack of personal care facilities for rough sleepers; for example, toilets, showers,

clothes washing facilities, storage facilities and phone charging outlets. Coping

mechanisms noted include travelling to adjacent local government areas to access

such facilities and accessing charity collection bins to collect clean clothing

Complexities in navigating Centrelink and Medicare service systems

Inability to cope with the rules and regulation in hostels or emergency

accommodation. In addition, hostels or emergency accommodation can expose

homeless people to other homeless people who have high-risk behaviours, for

example, vulnerable people with high incidences of alcohol dependency


Page 10 of 22

4.4 Who is Homeless in the City of Swan?

Current data of homelessness in the City of Swan is derived from the available Australian

Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The statistics present estimates of prevalence of homelessness

on Census night, derived from the Census of Population and Housing using the ABS

definition of homelessness. Thus, prevalence is an estimate of how many people

experienced homelessness at a particular point-in-time. The 2011 census date for the City

of Swan shows that 284 people were experiencing homelessness and 258 were living in

marginal housing (ABS, 2012). These figures are evident in the sustained, increasing

unmet demand being reported by local homelessness services and the increasing waiting

lists of public and community housing providers. 2016 census data was unavailable at the

time of report writing and new data is expected to be released late 2017.

The ABS uses six homeless operational groups to present the estimates of homelessness.

Table 1 shows the estimates of homelessness, by operational groups for Perth North-East

Metropolitan Region. City of Swan has the highest numbers of people experiencing

homelessness in the Perth North-East Metropolitan Region. It is of importance to note that

the statistics are only estimates of people who were likely to have been homeless at one

point in time. ABS recognises that some groups of people including rough sleepers and

people staying in supported accommodation for the homeless are at risk of being under

enumerated in the Census. It is also of importance to note that some service providers are

not listed under homelessness service provider thus their data on homeless people would

not be reflected in the census data.

Table 1: Prevalence of Homelessness in Perth North-East Metropolitan Region (2011)

Swan Mundaring Bayswater-Bassendean

Improvised dwellings, tents or sleeping out

0 0 12

Supported accommodation for the homeless

0 0 20

Staying temporarily with other households

79 34 60

Staying in boarding houses

0 0 0

Temporary lodging

0 0 0

Living in 'severely' crowded dwellings

160 0 0

All homeless persons 2842 60 172

Source: ABS, 2012 2 The total does not add up as some data was not available for publication


Page 11 of 22

The ABS also compiles estimates from Census data for specific key groups of people who

may be marginally housed, but who are not classified as homeless. Table 2 shows the

number of people marginally housed in Perth North-East Metropolitan Region. The statistics

shows that City of Swan (258) had the highest number of marginally housed people in the

region compared to Mundaring (28) and Bayswater-Bassendean (133).

Table 2 Marginally Housed in Perth North-East Metropolitan Region (2011) Swan Mundaring Bayswater-

Bassendean Living in other crowded dwellings

169 19 133

Other improvised dwellings

21 0 0

Marginally housed in caravan parks

68 9 0

Source: ABS, 2012 As importantly, to target prevention, or amelioration of the circumstances of homelessness,

it is necessary to know the locations of the homeless, and their characteristics. The 2011

census results show that Beechboro (91), Ballajura (72) and Midland-Guildford (46) were

the suburbs with a high prevalence of homelessness as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Number of Homeless People by Suburb (City of Swan 2011)

Source: ABS, 2012

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Page 12 of 22

Figure 1 shows that that Beechboro has the highest number of homeless people in the City

of Swan. Detailed data analysis is not available at this time, but the high number reported

in Beechboro could be accounted for by:

the presence of a caravan park in the area; and

ABS catchment area for Beechboro suburb could have included more suburbs

4.5 Service Provision An analysis of homelessness services in the City of Swan shows that service providers are

offering various services. Appendix 1 shows a list of services available in the City of Swan.

Services currently available include but are not limited to counselling, advocacy,

accommodation, emergency relief, preventative and outreach services. An analysis of

services shows that while most services are based in Midland, the 2011 Census results

show a high prevalence of homelessness in Beechboro and Ballajura. Further research

might be required to investigate the nature of homelessness in Ballajura and Beechboro.

4.5.1 Gaps in Addressing Homelessness in the City of Swan

Stakeholder consultations show that most cited gaps include:

Absence of City’s homelessness plan or protocol- the City does not have a

plan/strategy to address homelessness nor a protocol that outlines the course of

action to be taken by City employees when they encounter people who are homeless

and rough-sleeping on City property.

Insufficient emergency shelter and transitional housing for homeless people or at

risk of homelessness.

Gaps in generalist, early intervention support- feedback from consultations shows

that there are limited services within the local area for people at risk or experiencing

homelessness. These service gaps can be more extreme in Rural Place, where

service infrastructure may be diminished and access to existing services can be

made more difficult by distance and limited public transport networks.

Lack of affordable long term housing options – feedback from consultations show

that affordable housing including social housing was limited with long waiting lists.

Analysis of rental and income trends shows that incomes have not kept pace with

the cost of renting in Perth which has inevitably led to decreasing affordability and

has placed low and moderate income earners into housing stress3 and even crisis

(CHCWA, 2012).

3 Housing stress is defined as paying rent that is 30 per cent or more of household income.


Page 13 of 22

Lack of capacity of service providers to accept referrals due to extensive waiting lists

was the primary barrier to making successful referrals of homeless people or people

at risk of homelessness

Lack of capacity of local service providers to provide wrap around services

Limited access to amenities and personal care facilities such as cleaning facilities and

public toilets

Crisis or emergency accommodation do not operate during the day leading to

increased visual presence of homeless people in the community, for examples, in

libraries, shopping centres and other City property

5.0 Recommendations for Addressing Homelessness in the City of Swan

As a local government, the City is the level of government that most people will have direct

contact with, it provides an important array of services to individual households and

communities, and it is an important source of local leadership.

Shelter WA is supporting a research project looking at the “benefits of Council protocols,

policies and operational procedures by local governments to people sleeping rough in public

places”. As part of this project they have collated information from local governments in

the Perth Metropolitan Area, Western Australia peak bodies, interstate local governments

and state governments. Examples of local governments with key strategic initiatives that

can be adopted by the City of Swan include City of Fremantle, City of Joondalup, City of

Vincent, and City of Wanneroo.

Based on the evidence gathered from literature review and consultation with key

informants, the key recommendations for addressing homelessness in the City of Swan are

provided at Tables 3-6.

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an –

Med

ium

-ter

m o

pti

ons

Rec

omm

end

atio

ns

Key

Con

sid

erat

ion

s

Im

ple

men

tin

g

a C

ity

of

Sw

an

Pro

toco

l/C

har

ter

for

Ass

isti

ng

Peo

ple

wh

o ar

e sl

eep

ing

rou

gh

.

Coo

rdin

atin

g an

d fa

cilit

atin

g in

tegr

ated

res

pons

es t

o ho

mel

essn

ess

in p

ublic

spa

ces

with

in C

ity’s

ser

vice

s an

d w

ith e

xter

nal

part

ners

by

impl

emen

ting

a City

’s P

roto

col f

or A

ssis

ting

peop

le w

ho a

re s

leep

ing

roug

h.

Ed

ucat

ing

City

sta

ff a

bout

dea

ling

with

hom

eles

snes

s ap

prop

riat

ely

Fa

cilit

atin

g

net

wor

ks

colla

bor

atio

n

and

co

ord

inat

ion

to

add

ress

hom

eles

snes

s

Faci

litat

e op

port

uniti

es f

or i

ncre

ased

par

ticip

atio

n in

ini

tiativ

es t

hat

prom

ote

path

way

s ou

t of

hom

eles

snes

s fo

r co

rpor

ate

and

com

mun

ity g

roup

s e.

g.

orga

nisi

ng a

for

um w

ith r

elev

ant

busi

ness

es a

nd c

omm

unity

gro

ups

and

exis

ting

netw

orks

suc

h as

Nor

th E

ast

Yout

h O

rgan

isat

ion

Net

wor

k (N

EYO

N).

Prom

ote

an in

tera

genc

y N

orth

-Eas

t Reg

iona

l Net

wor

k w

hich

incl

udes

rep

rese

ntat

ives

fro

m a

djac

ent

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

, Sta

te g

over

nmen

t ag

enci

es,

not-

for

prof

it or

gani

satio

ns,

faith

-bas

ed a

nd c

omm

unity

org

anis

atio

ns a

nd p

riva

te in

dust

ry t

o fa

cilit

ate

serv

ice

coor

dina

tion.

Ad

voca

tin

g f

or m

ore

spec

ialis

t se

rvic

es

Spe

cial

ist

Hom

eles

snes

s Ser

vice

s th

at c

an p

reve

nt h

omel

essn

ess

by l

inki

ng i

nto

othe

r su

ppor

ts a

nd b

y fin

ding

app

ropr

iate

hou

sing

.Th

e Saf

e At

Hom

e pr

ogra

m (

e.g.

the

Pat

rici

a G

iles

Cen

tre

Inc

in M

irra

book

a) p

rovi

des

supp

ort

for

wom

en t

o re

mai

n in

the

ir h

ome,

whe

n it

is s

afe

to d

o so

pot

entia

lly

dim

inis

hing

the

like

lihoo

d of

hom

eles

snes

s an

d di

srup

tion

to w

omen

and

chi

ldre

n.

Ex

plor

ing

optio

ns f

or i

nteg

rate

d ‘w

rap-

arou

nd’

serv

ice

deliv

ery

thro

ugh

perm

anen

t co

mm

unity

hub

s th

at f

acili

tate

spe

cial

ised

ser

vice

s to

sup

port

clie

nts

and

mee

t th

eir

mul

tiple

and

com

plex

nee

ds t

hrou

gh v

ario

us s

ervi

ces

Tab

le 5

: R

ecom

men

dat

ion

s fo

r A

dd

ress

ing

Hom

eles

snes

s in

th

e C

ity

of S

wan

–Lo

ng

-ter

m o

pti

ons

Rec

omm

end

atio

ns

Key

Con

sid

erat

ion

s

Adv

ocat

ing

for

gove

rnm

ent

fund

ing

for

affo

rdab

le

acco

mm

odat

ion

Sup

port

ing

loca

l ho

mel

essn

ess

serv

ices

and

loc

al ini

tiativ

es in

seek

ing

fund

ing

for

proj

ects

tha

t su

ppor

t id

entif

ied

gaps

in

serv

ice

prov

isio

n in

the

City

of

Sw

an.

Id

entif

ying

fun

ding

opp

ortu

nitie

s fr

om g

over

nmen

t, p

hila

nthr

opic

and

the

pri

vate

sec

tor

and

diss

emin

atin

g to

loca

l hom

eles

snes

s se

rvic

es

Adv

ocat

ing

for

serv

ices

th

at

invo

lve

prov

isio

n of

ac

com

mod

atio

n an

d su

ppor

t

Fo

yer

like

appr

oach

es i

s in

crea

sing

ly c

omm

on m

odel

int

erna

tiona

lly a

nd i

n Au

stra

lia e

.g.

Foye

r O

xfor

d in

Lee

derv

ille.

Thi

s as

sist

s yo

ung

peop

le,

usua

lly

aged

bet

wee

n 16

-25,

to

enga

ge i

n ed

ucat

ion

and

empl

oym

ent,

and

gra

dual

ly t

o re

duce

the

ir d

epen

denc

e on

soc

ial

serv

ices

. In

digo

jun

ctio

n ha

s ha

d co

nver

satio

ns w

ith t

he C

ity r

egar

ding

pro

spec

ts f

or a

sim

ilar

mod

el for

mix

ed a

ge g

roup

s La

nd u

se p

lann

ing

and

zoni

ng

Ex

plor

ing

oppo

rtun

ities

for

incl

usio

nary

zon

ing

to in

clud

e su

ppor

tive,

soc

ial a

nd a

ffor

dabl

e ho

usin

g in

key

dev

elop

men

t si

tes.

Usi

ng p

lann

ing

inst

rum

ents

to

requ

ire

a co

mpo

nent

of af

ford

able

hou

sing

in s

peci

fied

area

s as

an

optio

n to

stim

ulat

e ne

w s

uppl

y of

aff

orda

ble

hous

ing.

Ta

ble

6:

Rec

omm

end

atio

ns

for

Ad

dre

ssin

g H

omel

essn

ess

in t

he

Cit

y of

Sw

an –

On

go

ing

op

tion

s R

ecom

men

dat

ion

s

Op

tion

s

Mai

ntai

ning

aw

aren

ess

of

Fede

ral

and

Sta

te

gove

rnm

ent

polic

y ch

ange

s re

late

d to

hom

eles

snes

s an

d re

spon

d to

cal

ls f

or s

ubm

issi

ons

whe

re d

eem

ed

appr

opriat

e.

Id

entif

ying

opp

ortu

nitie

s to

res

pond

to

Fede

ral o

r Sta

te g

over

nmen

t ho

usin

g or

hom

eles

snes

s re

form

s

Impl

emen

ting

an i

nteg

rate

d ap

proa

ch t

o ad

dres

sing

ho

mel

essn

ess

acro

ss t

he o

rgan

isat

ion

Rev

iew

ing

the

impl

icat

ion

of e

xist

ing

City

pol

icie

s an

d st

rate

gy d

ocum

ents

on

hom

eles

snes

s e.

g. s

ocia

l pl

ans,

pub

lic s

pace

man

agem

ent

regu

latio

ns a

nd

byla

ws,

to

ensu

re t

hey

do n

ot n

egat

ivel

y im

pact

on

peop

le w

ho a

re h

omel

ess.


Page 15 of 22

6.0 Conclusion and Future Directions

The information provided in this report is not a statistical representation of the people

experiencing homelessness in the City of Swan. However, it is a key step in identifying the

state of homelessness in the City and will lay the foundation for further discussion and

decision making.

The report has highlighted that homelessness includes people who are sleeping rough, as

well as people staying in temporary, unstable or substandard accommodation. It is of

importance to note that homelessness is not just a housing problem. It has many drivers

and causes, including the shortage of affordable housing, long term unemployment, mental

health issues, substance abuse and family and relationship breakdown. Effective early

intervention responses to community needs are key in preventing and responding to

homelessness and generalist support services play an essential role in an early intervention

response. Reducing homelessness in the City of Swan requires a set of complementary

programs and strategies to support both people at risk of homelessness as well as those

who are actually homeless.

This research has found that the City as the tier of government closest to the community is

uniquely placed to take a lead role locally in raising community understanding of

homelessness. Therefore the City can assist and complement the work of other tiers of

government, as facilitators of solutions to homelessness. Future directions will involve

reviewing current programs and consider principles for investment of government funding

in conjunction with the considerable work being undertaken by the not for- profit

community service sector, which is not all reliant on government funding. In addition, it will

be essential to conduct a mapping exercise to identify service delivery patterns and trends

within Perth North-East metropolitan region, the barriers to service delivery and the

opportunities to partner in addressing homelessness. The engagement of a diverse range of

stakeholders, including people with a lived experience of homelessness, specialist

homelessness services, community and health sector organisations and government

agencies, is required to better utilise the limited resources available. Better coordination

between stakeholders will provide easier access to a range of services by those who are

homeless or at risk of homelessness, as well as greater efficiency in the delivery of these

services.


Page 16 of 22

The review of literature and consultations undertaken as part of this report demonstrate

that there is both scope, and capacity, for the City to increase its effort in:

Placing the provision of affordable housing within the planning system

Developing a policy or protocol on homelessness informed by a social inclusion

agenda, to ensure that staff members are able to have the most positive interaction

possible with people experiencing homelessness

Educating staff and council members on the nature, impacts and challenges of

homelessness

Liaising with service providers and acting as a point of referral when necessary,

while supporting the individual services through information provision and

networking

Reviewing City by-laws to remove the capacity for negative impacts on homeless

people

Seeking to liaise with other local governments in the Perth North-East metropolitan

region, peak bodies and other state government agencies to share best practice and

discuss issues around homeless and possible solutions.

Finally, it is important to recognise that homelessness is not a phenomenon that exists in

isolation. In many respects the homeless represent just one end of a spectrum of

disadvantage and therefore it is important to consider a more holistic approach or

perspective. The review of literature and stakeholder consultations shows that the City’s

involvement in the homelessness sector should be informed by a social inclusion agenda.

This means recognising homeless people as an important group within the community that

have rights and responsibilities; equal to those of other residents. Lifespan Services

recommend that further investigation which includes accessing data on homelessness from

service providers in the City of Swan be conducted to validate census data.


Page 17 of 22

References

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). 2012. Homelessness Statistics.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2014. Homelessness among Indigenous

Australians.

Canberra: AIHW.

Collaborative Community Health Research Centre (CCHRC). 2002. Research review of best

practices for provision for youth services, University of Victoria, accessed February 2017,

http://www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/youth/pdf/best_practices_ provision_of_youth_services.pdf

Community Housing Coalition WA (CHCWA). 2012. The New Face of Homelessness in WA:

What’s changed? Why? Where to from here?

Department for Child Protection and Family Support (DCPFS). 2016. Homelessness in

Western Australia: A Snapshot of the State Government’s role in homelessness policy,

services and future direction. DCPFS Western Australia

Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIABP). 2014. Settlement Arrivals

Information

SGP Funding Round 2013-14: Western Australia

Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FAHCSIA).

2008. The Road Home: A National Approach to Reducing Homelessness. Canberra:

Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.

Johnson G, Natalier K, Bailey N, Kunnen N, Liddiard M, Mendes P. and Hollows A. 2009.

Improving housing outcomes for young people leaving state out of home care. Australian

Housing and Urban Research Institute, RMIT Research Centre

MacKenzie, D., & Steen, A. (2013). Financial Stress, Financial Literacy, Counselling and the

Risk of Homelessness. Australasian Accounting, Business and Financial Journal, 7(3), 31-

48. Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/aabfj/vol7/iss3/3

Mission Australia. 2016. Home & Away: child and youth homelessness


Page 18 of 22

National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM). 2013. Poverty Social

Exclusion and Disadvantage in Australia, Report prepared for Uniting Church, Children

Young Persons and Families

National Youth Commission (NYC). 2008. Australian Youth homelessness: A Report of the

National Youth Commission Inquiry into Youth Homelessness. Victoria: National Youth

Commission.

Prance F, Beer A. and Sandy H. 2013. The role of local government in addressing

homelessness: a tool kit for local government. Centre for Housing, Urban and Regional

Planning, University of Adelaide 2013

Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA). 2013. Housing Issues for Refugees and Asylum

Seekers in Australia: A Literature Review

Ap

pen

dix

1:

Ho

mel

essn

ess

Ser

vice

s, P

rog

ram

s an

d I

nit

iati

ves

in t

he

Cit

y of

Sw

an

Reference

Service

Address

Phone Number

Accommodation

Accommodation Assistance (General)

Accommodation (Emergency) Accommodation (Community housing/Family)

Birth Certificate

Caseworker Support

Centrelink Assistance

Clothes / Bedding

Counselling

Dental Assistance

Drug and Alcohol Assistance

Education

Employment Assistance

Financial Counselling

Food (meals, snacks, parcels or vouchers)

Haircuts

Laundry

Legal Advice

Legal Support (General)

Lockers

Medical and Health Assistance

Mental Health Service/Advice

Outreach Response

Recreation

Safety (Street Presence)

Showers

Social Interaction

Transport Assistance

Volunteering

SERV

ICES

LO

CATE

D IN

CIT

Y O

F SW

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DETAILS

Homelessness is a complex issue and does not exist in isolation. Rather, structural and personal drivers create pathways into homelessness. Agencies and individuals consulted during the development of the City of Swan Homelessness Report were asked to describe the main drivers for homelessness in the City of Swan. Housing issues and family and domestic violence were the most frequently described main drivers of homelessness.

The Homelessness Report was developed to provide the current data about the number of homeless people in the City and the demand for housing; key issues affecting people experiencing homelessness in the City; identifying current services available in the City addressing homelessness, and assess current gaps in service provision. The report contains a list of services available in the City of Swan (refer to Appendix 1 in the attached report). Services currently available include but are not limited to counselling, advocacy, accommodation, emergency relief, preventative and outreach services. Refer to the attached Homelessness in the City of Swan Report.

Feedback from consultation shows that the key issues affecting people experiencing homelessness in the City of Swan included:

• Lack of facilities e.g. places to charge mobile phones. Respondents noted that they use the City libraries or trespass into vacant houses.

• Lack of storage facilities to store personal belongings.

• Lack of personal care facilities for rough sleepers, for example, toilets, showers, clothes washing facilities, storage facilities and phone charging outlets. Coping mechanisms noted include travelling to adjacent local government areas to access such facilities and accessing charity collection bins to collect clean clothing.

• Complexities in navigating Centrelink and Medicare service systems.

• Inability to cope with the rules and regulations in hostels or emergency accommodation. In addition, hostels or emergency accommodation can expose homeless people to other homeless people who have high-risk behaviours, for example, vulnerable people with high incidences of alcohol dependency.

In addressing homelessness experienced in the City of Swan, evidence from the investigation and findings from consultation with key stakeholders and people experiencing homelessness informed the formulation of short, medium and long term recommendations.

CONSULTATION

The key stakeholders and informants that were consulted included:

• Service providers and community organisations consulted were Dreambuilders Care, Anglican Ascension Church, Rise Community Network, Dungeon Youth Centre, Altone Youth Services, Jacaranda, Meerilinga, Youth Futures WA - COMET Caversham and St Brigid’s Parish;

• City of Swan management has also consulted with Indigo Junction on a number of occasions concerning homelessness in the City;


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• People experiencing homelessness in Midland and Altone. Respondents were aged between 26 and 56 years. Respondents included rough sleepers, people living from their cars, people living in overcrowded houses and staying in temporary, unstable or substandard accommodation.

ATTACHMENTS

Current State of Homelessness in the City of Swan

STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS

G2.1.2 Improve organisational systems

G2.1.3 Strengthen customer service

Category 5 - Customers and other stakeholders in Australian Business Excellence Framework (ABEF)

Critical area for improvement as a result of Organisational Self-Assessment (OSA) against ABEF

STATUTORY IMPLICATIONS

Nil

FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS

To be determined

VOTING REQUIREMENTS

Simple majority

RECOMMENDATION

That the Council resolve to:

1) Endorse the recommendations for short term responses to address homelessness and street presence.

2) Endorse the development of a cross-functional working group to deliver recommendations for medium term responses.

3) Endorse the continued monitoring of homelessness within the City of Swan.


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MOTION that the Council resolve to:

1) Defer consideration of this matter and request staff resubmit the report with additional information in regard to financial implications.

(Cr Henderson – Cr Lyndon-James)

RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY TO:

1) Defer consideration of this matter and request staff resubmit the report with additional information in regard to financial implications.

homelessness in the city of swan

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