homeostasis and behavior questions 24-33 · 39 pollen in the air enters a person’s nose. the...

Mrs. Keadle JH Science

1

Types of Reproduction

6th Six Weeks Exam Review

Questions for your 6th six weeks exam will be similar to these questions. Make sure you understand the question and why the answer reviewed is correct. The questions on the exam may be worded differently and answer choices may be different.

Homeostasis and Behavior Questions 24-33

24

The process by which an organism's internal environment

is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is

called –

A growth

B digestion

C homeostasis

D respiration

25

A signal that comes from inside the body and causes an

organism to react in some way is called a(n) –

F external stimulus

G response

H internal stimulus

J message

26

A signal that comes from outside

the body and causes an organism to react in some way is

called a(n) -

A external stimulus

B response

C internal stimulus

D message

27

Identify the statement that describes a cat’s response to an

internal stimulus

F A cat eats when it feels hungry.

G A cat runs in the house to

get out of the rain.

H A cat hisses when it sees a

dog.

J A cat purrs while it is scratched.


2


28

Identify the statement that describes a bird’s response to an external

stimulus.

A A bird sings a song to attract a mate.

B A bird cleans its feathers after landing in a tree.

C A bird flies away when it sees a cat nearby

D A bird eats when it feels hungry.

29

Earthworms live in the soil and prefer dark, moist environments. When

they see light, they respond _________ by moving away from it. This is a response to an __________ stimulus

F negatively, external

G positively, external

H negatively, internal

J positively, external


3


32

Which word best describes the

response the seedlings are showing?

A taxis

B tropism

C stimulus

D hibernation

33

As a frog develops from a

tadpole to an adult frog, it goes through changes that are

signaled by hormones within its body. For example, its tail

disappears and it grows legs. Which best describes the role of

hormones in changing a tadpole into a frog?

F The hormones are external

stimuli.

G The hormones are internal stimuli.

H The hormones are threatening stimuli.

J The hormones block tadpole

responses.

30

Which of these is an example of

a plant responding to an internal stimulus?

A an apple on a tree ripening

B the stem of a sunflower

bending toward light

C a leaf closing when a bee brushes against it

D the roots of a tree growing

downward toward gravity

31

Dina is relaxing by walking her

dog on a warm, sunny afternoon. Dina feels sweaty,

and she sees her dog is panting. Which is the most likely stimulus

causing these responses in both

Dina and her dog?

F hunger

G high temperature

H thirst

J light from the sun


4


Blood Glucose Levels Questions 32-33

Directions: Use the information given below to answer the

following questions.

Regulating Glucose in the

Bloodstream

If the concentration of glucose in a person's

bloodstream is not kept within a certain range,

serious health problems can result. When the

concentration of glucose increases, special

cells in the pancreas secrete a hormone called

insulin. Insulin acts to decrease the amount of

glucose in the bloodstream by moving glucose

from the blood into body cells.

Other special cells in the pancreas release a

hormone called glucagon when the amount of

glucose in the blood decreases. Glucagon

causes muscle and liver cells to release stored

glucose into the bloodstream. In this way, the

pancreas helps the body maintain a 'Constant

level of glucose in the blood.

32

After a person eats a large meal, glucose begins to move into the

bloodstream and the level of insulin released by the pancreas –

A increases

B decreases

C remains the same

D is equal to the level of glucagon

33

The pancreas of a person with Type I diabetes produces little or no insulin.

People with this condition must get insulin injections to prevent -

F low levels of glucose in the blood

G high levels of glucagon in the muscle and liver cells

H high levels of glucose in the blood

J high levels of glucagon in the blood


5


Fever and Vomiting Questions 15-17

15

A person develops an elevated body temperature from a bacterial infection. The fever is a response

from the body to help fight the infection by -

A slowing the growth of the

bacterial infection

B increasing the energy level of

the body

C increasing the body’s heart rate

D stopping additional bacteria

from entering the body

16

The presence of a harmful material in the stomach will probably cause:

F the absorption of water in the stomach

G vomiting

H the absorption of food in the

small intestine

J the stomach to stop churning

17 Harmful bacteria enter a person’s body through contaminated food. As a result, the person vomits. This response MOST likely fights infection by -

A forcing bacteria to leave the body

B killing the bacteria with stomach acids

C creating new cells to hunt and kill bacteria

D keeping the bacteria away from other people


6


Temperature Regulation Questions 27-28

27

A basketball player helps maintain

stable body temperature during the game by perspiring. The sweat

helps cool his body by evaporating. What is this an example of?

A mitosis

B homeostasis

C respiration

D digestion

28

The skin helps regulate body temperature by allowing excess heat to escape from the body. It

does this by producing sweat. If your body lost the ability to sweat,

what could happen to you if you competed at a track meet?

F nothing

G you would start to shiver

H you would overheat

J you could win the races easier


7


Plant and Animal Responses Questions 32-43

33

What process causes a plant to wilt in response to too much or too little

water?

F photosynthesis

G respiration

H transpiration

J dehydration

34

On leaf surfaces, guard cells that open and close in response to the

amount of water available is an example of -

A phototropism

B constructive feedback

C homeostasis

D respiration

32

Riding a bicycle requires additional energy from leg muscles. Which of the following conditions may result from this activity, and which response helps

restore the body to its normal condition?

A increased carbon dioxide in the blood can be removed by breathing faster

B decreased oxygen can be replaced by digesting an apple

C increased sugars in the blood stream can be diluted by drinking water

D increased salt wastes can be removed by the heart


8


35

In a germinating seed, the downward growth of roots and upward growth of stems

are the plant’s responses to gravity. Which statement best describes this phenomenon?

F downward growth of roots – positive response to gravity

upward growth of stems – negative response to gravity

G downward growth of roots – negative response to gravity upward growth of stems – negative response to gravity

H downward growth of roots – negative response to gravity upward growth of stems – positive response to gravity

J downward growth of roots – positive response to gravity

upward growth of stems – positive response to gravity

36

Responses in plants that result in movement away from or toward a

stimulus are called

A tropisms

B differentiation

C adaptations

D yield

37

Water can move through the cell membrane of one plant cell to

another to maintain homeostasis. This process

helps to balance the water that is needed for proper cell function. This movement of water into an

out of cells is due to:

F turgor pressure

G dialysis

H oxidation

J perspiration


9


38

How does the body respond to

dehydration?

A raising body temperature

B increasing breathing rate

C producing less urine

D producing more sweat

40

Cells in a person’s body begin to take in large amounts of glucose

from the bloodstream. A person with this type of cellular activity has

most likely just -

A gone to sleep

B finished a meal

C stopped walking

D begun to exercise

39

Pollen in the air enters a person’s

nose. The pollen causes the person to sneeze and have a runny nose.

Which of the following BEST explains why the body responds this way?

F to keep pollen away from other

people

G to destroy toxins contained in

the pollen

H to kill bacteria that live on pollen

J to force pollen to leave the body

41

The amount of oxygen in a person’s blood decreases. How will the body

MOST likely respond to this change?

F increasing breathing rate

G decreasing blood pressure

H increasing body metabolism

J decreasing movement


10


42

The diagram illustrates a seed germinating. Many forces, including responses to moisture, light, temperature, and gravity are at work in this process.

Which of the following correctly describes two of the seedling’s responses to

stimuli?

F I is positive to light, and III is positive to gravity

G IV is negative to temperature, and II is negative to gravity

H II is negative to light, and III is positive to gravity

J II is positive to gravity, and IV is positive to moisture

43

Dogs pant with their tongues out in

order to cool off their bodies. Dogs are MOST likely to pant when the

weather is -

F cloudy

G hot and dry

H raining

J cold and windy


11


Types of Reproduction Questions 8-22

8

The offspring of a plant that reproduces asexually will -

A share all of the parent’s

characteristics

B be incapable of producing flowers

C fail to grow and develop normally

D develop fruit even if the parent

did not

9

Which of these occurs in sexual reproduction but not in asexual

reproduction?

F Genes carry genetic information.

G An offspring is made of cells.

H Cells from two organisms combine.

J An offspring inherits a set of

traits.

10 Strawberries can reproduce by means of runners, which are stems that grow horizontally along the ground. At the region where the runner touches the

ground, a new plant develops. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent because -

A it was produced sexually

B nuclei traveled to the new plant through the runner to fertilize it

C it was produced asexually

D there were no other strawberry plants in the area to provide fertilization


12


11

Hydras reproduce by a process

known as budding. This process is the formation of a new individual

that is a clone of the parent. This type of reproduction is -

F sexual

G sporulation

H asexual

J binary fission

12

What would be a possible disadvantage of the type of

reproduction shown in the diagram?

A ability to reproduce in the

absence of a mate

B results in low genetic variation

for the species

C allows for more genetic variation in the offspring

D takes less time to produce offspring

13 In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually

reproducing species produce -

F more offspring in each generation

G identical offspring

H offspring with more variety

J new species of offspring in each generation


13


15 The illustration above depicts two types of reproduction. Identify which of the

following statements correctly summarizes the types of reproduction and the diversity of the offspring.

F A: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring

B: asexual reproduction, diverse offspring

G A: asexual reproduction, diverse offspring

B: asexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent

H A: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring

B: asexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent

J A: sexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent B: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring

14 Look at the illustration above. Illustration A is an example of:

A sexual reproduction

B asexual reproduction

C nonsexual reproduction

D genetic coding


14


16 According to the pictures, asexual reproduction results in new bacteria whose

genetic material is -

A identical to that of the parent

B not identical to that of the parent

C half identical to both parents

D identical to another parent

17

During asexual reproduction in paramecia, a single paramecium becomes two new paramecia. The

genetic material of the new paramecium is usually -

F identical to the original

G half the amount of the original

H double the amount of the original

J similar to the original

18

To teach her class about different forms of reproduction and how they

relate to diversity, Mrs. Griffin asked her students to draw a

picture of a simple organism. They were then supposed to get tracing paper and trace the organism again.

This process most closely represents -

A sexual reproduction

B spontaneous generation

C genetic mutation

D asexual reproduction


15


21

Pea plants can reproduce asexually or sexually. What is the term for organisms that can reproduce both

ways?

F budding

G regeneration

H hermaphroditic reproduction

J captive breeding

20 Sexual reproduction -

A results in genetic variation in the offspring

B produces offspring that are

identical to the parent

C decreases the chances of

survival of the species

D results in genetic material being

donated to offspring by only one parent

19

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is NOT

true?

F two parent sex cells are needed

G the offspring are copies of the

parent

H most single-celled organisms reproduce this way

J there is no diversity

22

In one student’s family, two of the children have curly hair, one child has wavy hair, and the fourth child

has straight hair. Which of these processes is responsible for the

variety of hair textures in this family?

A binary fission

B sexual reproduction

C asexual reproduction

D vegetative propagation


16


Heredity Questions Questions 15-24

15

Heredity is defined as the passage

of genetic instructions from one generation to the next. Which of

the following is NOT an example of these genetic instructions in humans?

A height

B skin color

C dimples

D spoken language

16

Which of the following is the correct

organization of genetic material from smallest to largest?

F genes →DNA → chromosomes→

cell nucleus

G genes→ chromosomes →DNA→

cell nucleus

H cell nucleus→ genes→ DNA →

chromosomes

J chromosomes→ DNA→ cell

nucleus→ genes

17 DNA contains four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine(C). Thymine pairs with adenine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. What would the complimentary strand

look like for the following DNA sequence?

T A C T G C A

A G T C A A T C

B G T T C A C C G

C T G C A T C C

D A T G A C G T


17


18

What structure is the arrow pointing to in the diagram?

F chromosome

G nucleus

H cell

J gene

19

The hereditary information that is contained in the nuclei of cells controls all of the following except -

A eye color

B skin color

C pierced ears

D hair type

20 Which statement about DNA is correct?

F A child’s DNA will be unrelated to the mother’s or father’s DNA.

G A child’s DNA will show similarities to both the mother’s and Father’s DNA.

H A female child’s DNA will exactly match the mother’s DNA

J A male child’s DNA will exactly match the father’s DNA.

21 Lois breeds rats. She was surprised when a white rat with pink eyes was born in a

litter of brown rats. She researched to discover that white rat fur and pink eye color were the result of mutation. A mutation means that -

A the genetic information didn’t copy correctly.

B the mother did not get enough nutrition.

C the white rat belonged to another litter.

D the white rat had its father’s genes only.


18


22

Which statement about genes is always true?

F Each gene is responsible for a single trait.

G Many genes are required to determine a single trait.

H Genes are located on

chromosomes within the cell

nucleus.

J Both inherited traits and acquired traits are determined by genes.

23

Which of the following is an example of a trait a person may

have because of heredity?

A a blister on a finger

B a scar on a forehead

C green eyes

D a pierced ear

24 The diagram below shows the results of crossing a pea plant with round seeds

and a pea plant with wrinkled seeds.

What can be determined from the results of the experiment?-

F Smooth shape and wrinkled shape are both recessive traits.

G Smooth shape and wrinkled shape are both dominant traits.

H Smooth shape is a dominant trait, and wrinkled shape is a recessive trait.

J Smooth shape is a recessive trait, and wrinkled shape is a dominant trait.


19


The Genetics of Garden Peas Questions 23-37

24

What percentage of offspring from a Tt x Tt cross would be tt?

F 25%

G 50%

H 100%

J 0%

23

Four puppies in the same litter have

different hair color than the mother dog. Which of the following process

is responsible for the variety of hair color in this litter?

A asexual reproduction

B binary fission

C regeneration

D sexual reproduction

25 An offspring inherited a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent for the same trait. Which of the following is a possible explanation

for what will be exhibited by the offspring for that trait?

F The offspring will exhibit the recessive trait with the dominant trait being masked.

G The offspring will exhibit the dominant trait with the recessive trait being masked.

H The offspring will not exhibit that trait because the dominant and recessive

traits he received will each mask the other.

J The offspring will combine the recessive allele with the dominant allele and

exhibit an entirely new trait.


20


USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON THIS PAGE.

In humans, eye color and hair color are controlled by several genes. Assume for the following questions that each is controlled by only one.

For eye color, brown (B) is dominant over blue (b) and for hair color, black (H) is dominant over blonde (h).

A male with blue eyes produces offspring with a female that has brown eyes.

26

Which of the following represents possible parental genotypes for eye

color?

A Father: bb, Mother: bb

B Father: bb, Mother: Bb

C Father: BB, Mother: Bb

D Father: Bb, Mother: BB

27

What is NOT a possible genotype for eye color for the offspring?

F Bb

G BB

H bb

J There is not enough information

28

The genotypes for hair color for the parents are: Father hh Mother Hh

Which of the following Punnett

squares correctly represents the possible genotypes for hair color for the offspring?

A

B

C

D

HH HH

HH HH

Hh hh

Hh hh

HH Hh

Hh hh

HH Hh

HH Hh


21


A dog breeder has begun to raise Labrador retrievers. So far, she hasn’t

been able to predict the color of the puppies that she breeds. She does

not know that dark fur (D) is dominant over yellow fur (d).

When the breeder crossed a yellow Lab female with a dark furred male,

she expected half of the puppies to be yellow and half to be dark.

However, in a litter of eight puppies, all had dark fur. The breeder next

crossed the same yellow female with a different dark male. This time,

half the puppies were yellow and half were dark.

29 Which letter represents the most probable genotype of the second male?

F Dd

G DD

H DO

J dd

30 How can the woman breed a litter of all yellow puppies?

A By making sure that either the mother or the father is yellow

B By making sure that both the mother and father are yellow

C By making sure that at least one of the grandparents are yellow

D She cannot breed for a yellow litter because yellow fur is recessive.


22


32

The work of Gregor Mendel was based on his discovery that

hereditary information for two different forms of a trait can

coexist in one individual. He recognized that one form of the trait can mask the expression of the

other. This principle is known as -

A the law of genotypes

B the law of dominance

C the law of separation

D the law of sorting

31 A student hypothesizes that green pod color in pea plants is dominant and yellow pod color is recessive. Which observation would disprove this hypothesis?

F Two plants with green pods produce an offspring with green pods.

G Two plants with yellow pods produce an offspring with green pods.

H Two plants with green pods produce an offspring with yellow pods.

J Two plants with yellow pods produce an offspring with yellow pods.

33

Which of these choices is the definition of allele?

A the form of a gene that is

expressed

B one of the alternative forms of

a gene

C the combination of genes for a specific trait

D the complete genetic makeup of a living thing


23


34

A scientist crosses a rabbit with short fur and a rabbit with long fur.

Which of these outcomes would show that the trait for fur length is

an example of incomplete dominance?

A All the offspring have no fur.

B All of the offspring have long fur.

C All the offspring have short fur.

D All the offspring have medium-length fur.

36

Examine the Punnett square below.

B B

B BB BB

b Bb Bb

Which of the following choices gives the alleles of the parents shown

here?

A BB and BB

B BB and Bb

C Bb and Bb

D Bb and bb

35

A snapdragon plant with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon plant

with white flowers. The offspring have red and white petals. Which of

these conditions does this cross illustrate?

A codominance

B non-dominance

C complete dominance

D incomplete dominance

37

Look at the diagram below.

A a

A ? Aa

a Aa aa

Which of these choices should be placed in the box with the question

mark?

A AA

B Aa

C aa

D AA or aa


24


Human Traits Lab Questions 46-50

46 An offspring inherited a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele

from the other parent for the same trait. Which of the following is a possible explanation for what will be exhibited by the offspring for that trait?

A The offspring will exhibit the recessive trait with the dominant trait being

masked.

B The offspring will exhibit the dominant trait with the recessive trait being masked.

C The offspring will not exhibit that trait because the dominant and recessive traits he received will each mask the other.

D The offspring will combine the recessive allele with the dominant allele and

exhibit an entirely new trait.


25


49

Different forms of a gene are called

F mutations

G alleles

H chromosomes

J phenotype

47

The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited trait. There are more people who can roll their tongues

than people who can’t roll their tongues. Which of the following

could be a correct assumption to explain this?

F The ability to tongue roll is a

rare trait.

G The ability to tongue roll is a

recessive trait.

H The ability to tongue roll is a

dominant trait.

J The ability to tongue roll is a submissive trait.

48

Why does a person who inherits

an allele for curly hair and an allele for straight hair have curly hair?

A The allele for curly hair is recessive.

B The allele for curly hair is

dominant.

C The allele for straight hair is

dominant.

D The allele for curly hair is

inherited from both parents.

50

Genetic information responsible for physical characteristics such as eye

color, height, hair color and skin color can be found within an

organism’s -

A ribosome

B golgi body

C nucleus

D cytoplasm


26


Constructing a Baby Lab Questions 27-30

27

Eye color is a trait that two parents

could pass on to their children even though the trait might not be

expressed in the parents. Such a trait is -

A acquired

B inherited

C neutral

D positive

28

Katie has red hair, green eyes, and freckles, just like her mother. Her father has brown hair, brown eyes,

and no freckles. Why does Katie look more like her mother than she

does her father?

F because Katie’s father is older

than her mother

G because Katie’s father doesn’t have any freckles

H because Katie and her mother’s traits masked her father’s

alleles

J because daughters always

resemble their mothers

29 Which sequence below correctly lists the cell parts containing genetic information from largest to smallest?

A nucleus, chromosome, gene, allele

B nucleus, gene, chromosome, allele

C nucleus, gene, allele, chromosome

D nucleus, chromosome, allele, gene


27


30 Which of the following best describes how an organism inherits physical

characteristics, such as eye color, from their parents?

A Offspring receive alleles from their parents, each allele contains genes, each

gene contains chromosomes which determine the appearance of an organism.

B Offspring receive chromosomes from their parents, each chromosome contains genes, each gene contains alleles which determine the appearance of an organism.

C Offspring receive chromosomes from their parents, each chromosome

contains alleles, each allele contains genes which determines the appearance of an organism.

D Offspring receive genes from their parents, each gene contains chromosomes, each chromosome contains alleles which determine the appearance of an

organism.


28


Pedigrees Questions 26-30

26 According to the diagram, which individuals have the trait that is traced by

the pedigree?

A 2 and 3

B 6 and 10

C 2, 3, 14 and 15

D 2, 3, 6, 10, 14 and 15

27 What genetic disorder was found in the Russian royal family?

F measles

G AIDS

H hemophilia

J cystic fibrosis


29


28 Which of these statements correctly describes a difference between sex-

linked disorders and other inherited genetic disorders?

A Sex-linked disorders can be passed on from parent to child, but other genetic disorders cannot be passed on.

B Only males can be affected by sex-linked disorders, but both males and

females can be affected by other inherited genetic disorders.

C The genes for sex-linked disorders are found on sex chromosomes, but the genes for other inherited genetic disorders are found on other

chromosomes.

D The inheritance of a sex-linked disorder within a family can be traced using a pedigree, but other genetic disorders cannot be traced using a

pedigree.

29 Alisha and Rob would like to have children. A genetic counselor tells them

they are both carriers of a certain genetic disease. What does this mean?

F They are both immune to the disease, and it is very likely that their children would also be immune.

G There is a very high probability that one of both of them will develop the

disease at some point in the future.

H They both have the disease, but there is a very low probability that they will pass it on to their children.

J They both have an allele for the disease and could pass this allele on to

their children, even though neither of them is affected by the disease.

JH Science Mrs. Keadle


30 Which of the following statements about pedigrees is true?

A Squares typically represent males and circles represent females.

B Pedigrees can only be used to trace the occurrence of dominant traits.

C Shaded shapes represent people who do not have a specific trait.

D Pedigrees show all of the allele combinations that are possible in a cross.



Adaptations Questions Questions 7-27

7 Study the diagrams showing mouthparts of four different insects. Which of the

following could be a valid explanation for the differences in mouthparts among insects?

A The insects each live in different climates, requiring a different type of feeding

method.

B The mouthparts have modifications that are adapted to the insect’s method of feeding.

C The mouthparts vary depending on the insect’s wing to body length ratio.

D The mouthparts are varied so that there is not competition within a single species of insect.



8 Chameleons are reptiles that have the ability to hide from predators and prey by

blending in with their environment. They can change the pattern and/or color of their skin. This ability is known as -

F natural selection

G imitation

H mimicry

J camouflage

9 Reptiles are described as being cold blooded, which means that their body temperature depends on the temperature of their environment. Alligators are a type of reptile. Which

of these examples is MOST LIKELY a situation in which an alligator is trying to warm up his body?

A an alligator lying on a river bank in the sun

B an alligator swimming to the bottom of a lake

C an alligator hiding in a hole dug into the side of a pond

D an alligator resting beneath the surface of a pond in the shade of a tree



10

During hibernation, the ground squirrel may breathe every four

minutes, its heart beats four times a minute, and its body temperature

drops to just above freezing. What is the purpose of hibernation?

F to survive unusually hot temperatures

G to survive when food is

available

H to get sleep

J to survive cold temperatures

when food is unavailable

11

Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the

large ears of an elephant?

A The elephant’s ears can be nearly 2 meters long

B The ears help the elephant cool itself on a hot day.

C The elephant’s ears have many

blood vessels close to the

surface.

D Elephant’s ears consist of thin layers of cartilage and skin.

12 Many deserts have a very hot, dry climate. Desert animals have developed many adaptations to survive in the desert. Which of these is an adaptation that a desert animal would MOST LIKELY develop in

response to high temperatures found in the desert?

F They hibernate in the winter.

G They are active only at night?

H They lay eggs that must incubate in water.

J They have very dark fur and skin.



14

Polar bears are well suited to

survive in their environment. Which of the following helps the polar bear

maintain a relatively stable body temperature between 35 and 41C?

F strong legs with large, hairy webbed feet

G large stomach capacity allowing

intervals of several weeks

between feeding

H black skin covered with transparent “tubes” of hair which direct sunlight to dark

skin.

J transparent eyelids

15 The tails of animals can serve many important functions. They are mainly used in

13

Most organisms have coloration that helps them blend into their surroundings. Male peacocks have

colorful, feathered tails. These conspicuous tails are used to -

A building nests

B attracting mates

C flying and balance

D avoiding predators

15 The tails of animals can serve many important functions. They are mainly used in balance and locomotion. Many lizards have a fragile, detachable tail that will come off

when they are attacked by predators, allowing them to escape. Why is the presence of a brightly colored, detachable tail an advantage for some lizards?

A They are more likely to attract mates.

B Predators are more likely to grab them by the tail.

C It helps them blend into their natural environments.

D Predators are likely to be frightened away by a brightly colored tail.



16 Plants have different signals for attracting pollinators. It is not uncommon for the same plant to have more than one signal. Which of the following would NOT be a way in

which plants attract pollinators?

F presence of barbs

G specific texture or pattern

H strong scents

J bright colors

17

Plant species rely on various methods of seed dispersal. Which

type of seed dispersal would most likely be used by the organism

shown in the diagram?

A animal dispersal

B wind dispersal

C water dispersal

D gravity dispersal

18

Trees that grow in a forest tend to grow very tall, with few branches. The same species of tree grown in

an open area tends to grow shorter and wider, with many branches.

The stimulus responsible for theses different growth patterns is the amount of -

F wind striking the tree

G light reaching the tree

H nutrients in the soil

J water in the ground



19 The maypop flower is a long vine that grows along fences. These plants have tendrils that allow them to grab and hold onto the fences. How does this adaptation help the

plant?

A wrapping around a nearby object for support

B producing reproductive structures later in the

growing season

C attracting insects which serve as pollinators

D encouraging water and mineral transport to other

parts of the plant

20

Complex animals use their circulatory systems to provide their cells with water and food. Plants do

not have circulatory systems. What have they developed to move

nutrients and water.

F xylem

G cork cells

H chloroplasts

J flowers

21

An acorn is a seed. Its shape is very different from the shape of a dandelion seed. Which of the

following BEST describes the advantage of the shape of the

acorn?

A The acorn is more likely to stick to animal fur.

B The acorn is less likely to attract hungry animals.

C The acorn can be blown to a

better growing location.

D The acorn stores more

materials to help it start growing.



22

A spiny cactus is growing very

successfully in an Arizona desert. This plant has many adaptations to

its native environment that make it successful in harsh conditions. Three adaptations that the spiny

cactus has are -

F broad leaves, deep roots, sharp spines

G waxy leaves, sharp spines to preserve moisture, a shallow

root system

H sharp spines, small bad tasting

leaves, deep roots

J large, shallow root system, sharp spines, thick trunk

23

Some species of flowers have

markings that are visible only to insects with the ability to see

ultraviolet light. These markings help the plant -

A avoid parasitic insects

B attract pollen gathering insects

C seek out moisture in the soil

D create a strong scent to attract

bats

24 How do gills of a fish help their survival?

F gills allow fish to break down water into oxygen and hydrogen

G gills allow fish to process energy quicker so they can move faster

H gills allow fish to breathe in air and water

J gills allow fish to use the oxygen dissolved in the water.



25 Which of the following adaptations helps birds fly?

A they have more fat than most animals so they can fly for long distances.

B they have hollow bones so they are lighter

C they have smaller blood vessels so their hearts have to work less in flight

D they have a larger stomach so they can absorb food faster

27

Euglena are microscopic organisms that live in freshwater ponds. It has chloroplasts, moves by a flagellum,

and has an eyespot that is sensitive to light. Euglena would most likely

respond to sunlight by swimming -

A around the roots of a lily pad

B beneath an underwater log

C to the bottom of the pond

D toward the pond surface

26

Penguins are unusual birds. They swim under water but do not fly.

Penguins live in some of Earth’s coldest climates, where they feed

on sea animals. Unlike most birds which have bones that are hollow, a penguin has solid bones. This

difference makes it easier for a penguin to -

F dive deep under water

G detect fish under water

H stay warm under water

J hold its breath under water



Natural Selection Questions 15-22

15

The process by which organisms

that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to

survive and reproduce than other organisms of the same

species is known as -

A variation

B the rule of extinction

C mutualism

D natural selection

16

Natural selection acts by taking

advantage of natural variations in the traits of organisms. What

is the ultimate source of this variation?

F changes in the environment

G mutations within the genetic

code

H response to a need of the organism

J response to the stress of

competition for food



18 The Galapagos Islands are home to a variety of finches. Charles Darwin

observed the finches on the island and noticed that each species was well-suited to the life it led. For example, finches that ate insects had sharp,

slender beaks and finches that ate seeds had strong, wide beaks. Beak shape in these finches is an example of –

F adaptation

G simulation

H competition

J environmentalism

17 Over thousands of years, the giraffe has developed into an animal with an

extremely long neck. One theory for this change is -

A giraffes with longer necks were able to swim

longer distances

B giraffes with longer necks were able to eat leaves from taller trees and survived to reproduce

C giraffes with longer necks were more appealing

to other giraffes

D giraffes with longer necks blended into the trees and could hide from predators



19

Which statement describes Charles Darwin’s contribution to

science?

A He formed the first periodic table by placing elements

with similar physical properties in groups.

B His observations on the

Galapagos Islands led to his theory of evolution through

natural selection.

C His experiments with plants broke down physical

characteristics into alleles that were dominant or

recessive.

D He explained how forces, matter, and motion were

related with three laws.

20

Crickets communicate with other

crickets by chirping. Crickets who cannot make a sound are

less likely to find a mate and reproduce. For this reason, there

are few crickets that cannot make a sound. This is an

example of -

F learned behavior

G genetic replication

H natural selection

J selective breeding

21

What is evolution?

A a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile

offspring.

B the process by which inherited traits of a

population change over many generations

C a trait that allows organisms in a population to survive

and reproduce in their environment

D the process in which

individuals better adapted to their environment are more

likely to survive and reproduce.

22

The wooly mammoth developed

traits over time through natural selection.

Which genetic trait aided the mammoth in cold climates?

F a thick, furry coat

G a long, flexible trunk

H a wide, muscular body

J a set of sharp curved tusks



Variation Lab Questions 6-8

6

Which of the following traits would most likely improve the chances

that an organism will survive and reproduce?

A brightly colored scales, which makes a fish easier to spot by

its predators.

B poor vision, which makes it

more difficult for an eagle to see its prey

C bright colors, which attract bees

to a flower

D dull-colored feathers, which

make it less likely that a bird will find a mate

7

Identify which of the following is not an example of a trait that

increases an animal’s chance for survival.

F An insect that blends in with its physical surroundings

G A skunk’s ability to spray other

animals with a strong smelling

chemical.

H A peacock’s bright feathers make it easier to be spotted by

predators.

J A frog’s brightly colored skin

alerts predators that it is poisonous.

8 Some moths have a brown body and brown wings, while other moths have a white body and white wings. The brown moths often rest on the bark of pine trees, and the white moths rest on the white bark of aspen trees. If all of the aspen trees in an area were

cut down, what would be the likely result?

A More brown moths will survive than white moths because predators will be able to

spot the white moths more easily. Over time, there will be no white moths in the

area.

B The white moths will grow brown wings in order to blend in with the environment. Over time, there will be no white moths in the area.

C The brown moths will migrate to a new area where aspen trees are found. The white moths will remain in the original area. The number of white moths will

increase.

D The white moths will rest on the remaining trees. Over time, they will become

brown moths, so the number of moths will increase.



Artificial Selection Questions 4-9

4

Most domesticated animals have been bred for specific, favorable

traits. Dairy cows are bred for maximum milk production while

dogs are bred for size and color, among other characteristics.

The process of humans controlling the breeding of

organisms is known as -

A natural selection

B artificial selection

C manipulative reproduction

D sheltered breeding

5

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of selective breeding?

F maintains certain stable

traits to pass down to the offspring

G traits help the animal

prosper in confinement

H breeding for only one trait

can cause problems in other traits

J makes the species stronger

6

When humans first domesticated

dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today,

there are many variations such as the German shepherd and the

dalmation. This increase in

diversity is most closely associated with -

A cloning of selected body cells

B selective breeding

C mitotic cell division

D environmental influences

7

Cattle have been kept by

humans for many years. Which of these characteristics in cattle

is most likely to have occurred because ranchers used selective

breeding?

F cattle that eat grass

G cattle that have parasites

H cattle that produce no horns

J cattle that are crossed with buffalo



8 Drawings from hundreds of years ago show horses that are much smaller than

horses today. Which of the following is the best explanation for the increased

size of horses

A Horses have been genetically engineered

B Selective breeding has made horses larger

C Genetic therapies have been used to make horses larger

D certain sex-linked genes have been lost

9 Corn is a very useful grass that comes in many varieties. Sweet corn is used for

human food whereas field corn is for livestock. Corn also comes in many colors like white, yellow and blue. Most farmers grow tall varieties of corn, while a

backyard gardener may prefer a smaller, dwarf variety. All of the following are characteristics of corn that has been selectively bred except -

F the amount of sugar in corn seed

G the colors of corn used in tortillas

H the size of corn plants grown by gardeners

J the edibility by livestock



Using A Dichotomous Key Questions 1-11

USE THE FOLLOWING DICHOTOMOUS KEY FOR THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS

2

What is one characteristic used to classify the insect in the

diagram?

F number of legs

G presence of antennae

H number of wings

J formation of larvae

1

Use the dichotomous key to

determine the correct classification of the insect in

the diagram.

A Diptera

B Odonata

C Hymenoptera

D Mantodea



USE THE FOLLOWING DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO ANSWER THE NEXT FOUR QUESTIONS.



3

Which type of leaf margin does

leaf “VI” have?

A smooth

B serrated

C undulated

D lobate

5

Observe the leaves in the

diagram. Identify which leaf has the genus classification of

Betula.

A I

B II

C IV

D V

4

Use the dichotomous key to

determine the correct classification of leaf “V”.

F Carya

G Aesculus

H Liquidambar

J Robinia

6

Of the following pieces of

laboratory equipment, which would best facilitate the external

observation of a living leaf?

F collecting net

G electron microscope

H hand lens

J microscope



7

Which two organisms are likely the most closely related based

on their physical structure.

A the whale and the turtle

B the dolphin and the whale

C the stingray and the dolphin

D the turtle and the stingray

8

According to the dichotomous key

below, to which order does this insect belong?

F Diptera

G Ephemeroptera

H Hymenoptera

J Isoptera



9 The figure below shows two spotted salamanders. They are the same species, but

they live in different areas.

Which of these terms is used to describe the difference between them?

A variation

B extinction

C population

D overpopulation



10 Refer to the leaf diagrams and the dichotomous key. Which of the leaves could be

correctly classified as White Oak?

Which of these terms is used to describe the difference between them?

F Leaf A

G Leaf B

H Leaf C

J Leaf D



11 Based on the dichotomous key, what order does this insect belong to?

A Lepidoptera

B Diptera

C Odonata

D Hemiptera

homeostasis and behavior questions 24-33 · 39 pollen in the air enters a person’s nose. the...

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