homework: finish chinese culture post-it by tomorrow frontpage: nnign april 4: national tell-a-lie...
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Homework: Finish Chinese Culture Post-It by tomorrow
FrontPage: NNIGNApril 4: National Tell-A-Lie Day
April 7: International Pillow Fight Day
April 13: National Scrabble Day
April 14: National Reach as High as You Can Day
April 20: Lima Bean Respect Day
April 22: National Jelly Bean Day
April 23: Talk Like Shakespeare Day
April 27: Morse Code Day
April 28: Eeyore’s BirthdayEven pessimistic stuffed donkeys have birthdays. You could throw a party, but why bother?
Chinese DynastiesChinese DynastiesNearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing Nearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing
The Legacy of the Chinese DynastiesThe Legacy of the Chinese Dynasties
Dynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 yearsDynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 years From about 1700BC to 1911ADFrom about 1700BC to 1911AD
Many different dynasties (ruling families) control Many different dynasties (ruling families) control China during this periodChina during this period Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt
Chinese namesChinese names
**Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their **Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their style of rule, achievements, and contribution to historystyle of rule, achievements, and contribution to history
Qin – the First EmpireQin – the First Empire 221BC – 206BC 221BC – 206BC Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler, Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler,
Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”)Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) The name “China” comes from the name of this dynastyThe name “China” comes from the name of this dynasty
Qin – The Rule of Qin – The Rule of Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi
Legalist principlesLegalist principles adopted to govern the empire adopted to govern the empire Strict, harsh and uniform lawsStrict, harsh and uniform laws Centralized power in his own hands Centralized power in his own hands
General improvementsGeneral improvements Standardized weights and measures Standardized weights and measures Improved transportation by building roads Improved transportation by building roads Helped farmers by initiating irrigation projectsHelped farmers by initiating irrigation projects
Banned/burned Confucian booksBanned/burned Confucian books and persecuted and persecuted Confucian scholarsConfucian scholars
The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and extended its reachextended its reach
Qin – The Fall of Shi HuangdiQin – The Fall of Shi Huangdi
Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and strengthening the empirestrengthening the empire
But the taxes required to accomplish many of these But the taxes required to accomplish many of these tasks placed a burden on manytasks placed a burden on many Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant
laborlabor Nobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledgeNobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledge
After his death, revolts break out in China After his death, revolts break out in China A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin
and begins a new dynasty – the Hanand begins a new dynasty – the Han
The HanThe Han 206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang China extends its empire into central AsiaChina extends its empire into central Asia
The Rule of the HanThe Rule of the Han
Chinese contribute Chinese contribute silksilk, jade and bronze, jade and bronze
Chinese receive Chinese receive products from India products from India and Asia, and and Asia, and learn learn about other culturesabout other cultures as wellas well
• Lasts for around 400 yearsLasts for around 400 years• Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the way to the Middle East and beyondway to the Middle East and beyond
The Rule of the HanThe Rule of the Han
Restored Confucian ideasRestored Confucian ideas in government in government Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in
societysociety Ideas/inventions developed during this time include:Ideas/inventions developed during this time include:
PaperPaper, seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, , seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, irrigation systems, irrigation systems, foot stirrupfoot stirrup
Chinese establish a Chinese establish a rigorous exam systemrigorous exam system in order to in order to determine which individuals in society were worthy of determine which individuals in society were worthy of prestigious government jobsprestigious government jobs This civil service system exists until the early 1900’sThis civil service system exists until the early 1900’s
The HanThe Han Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power
struggles mark the end of the Han periodstruggles mark the end of the Han period Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists, Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists,
but several smaller rulers maintained powerbut several smaller rulers maintained power
The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty Lasts from 618AD – Lasts from 618AD –
907AD907AD Emerges after period of Emerges after period of
frequent dynastic changesfrequent dynastic changes Sometimes coupled with a Sometimes coupled with a
prior dynasty, the Sui prior dynasty, the Sui Distinction of having the Distinction of having the
only female empress in only female empress in Chinese historyChinese history
The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty CanalsCanals built during and before this built during and before this
dynasty help to unite the empiredynasty help to unite the empire Increase trade, transportation and Increase trade, transportation and
communicationcommunication Growth of rice increasesGrowth of rice increases dramatically dramatically
due to new inventionsdue to new inventions Policy of Policy of taxation by person,taxation by person, not by land, not by land,
indicates well-developed census systemindicates well-developed census system Compiled the Compiled the Tang codeTang code; earliest Chinese ; earliest Chinese
system of laws that still existssystem of laws that still exists
The SangThe Sang Lasts from 960AD – Lasts from 960AD –
1279AD1279AD Under both the Tang and the Under both the Tang and the
Sang, China enjoyed times Sang, China enjoyed times of peaceof peace
Achievements of The SangAchievements of The Sang
Literature and the arts Literature and the arts flourished; poetry and painting flourished; poetry and painting become popularbecome popular Block printing and movable typeBlock printing and movable type
were also invented during this timewere also invented during this time These advancements also These advancements also
contributed to the increase in contributed to the increase in literacyliteracy
• The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their trade intereststrade interests
•Became a Became a great sea powergreat sea power for a time for a time •Utilized inventions of rudder, Utilized inventions of rudder, gunpowdergunpowder and the and the magnetic compassmagnetic compass
The Mongol InvasionsThe Mongol Invasions During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a
strong threat to powers in Asiastrong threat to powers in Asia Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227 After his death, his empire was split among his sonsAfter his death, his empire was split among his sons
The Yuan (Mongol) dynastyThe Yuan (Mongol) dynasty Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279
Adopts the name Yuan as a ruling familyAdopts the name Yuan as a ruling family Rule was difficult since Rule was difficult since Mongols and Chinese were very differentMongols and Chinese were very different
Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in China; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in governmentChina; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in government
In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the Chinese were able to overthrow them inChinese were able to overthrow them in 1368
•
The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty Rules China from 1368AD – 1644ADRules China from 1368AD – 1644AD Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives
Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate of Heaven of Heaven
The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that
had existed under Tang/Sanghad existed under Tang/Sang Revived use of Confucian ideasRevived use of Confucian ideas Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City”Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City” Much of what we know of Much of what we know of the Great Wall was built or rebuiltthe Great Wall was built or rebuilt
during this periodduring this period Sent large expeditions overseasSent large expeditions overseas to re-establish trade and to re-establish trade and
their power at seatheir power at sea But at some point in history, the Ming begin to But at some point in history, the Ming begin to cut off their trade cut off their trade
and contactand contact with the outside world with the outside world Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more
powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)
The Qing – China’s Last DynastyThe Qing – China’s Last Dynasty Lasts from 1644AD – 1911ADLasts from 1644AD – 1911AD Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China
conquer the Mingconquer the Ming Dynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynastyDynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynasty
The Qing – China’s Last DynastyThe Qing – China’s Last Dynasty
The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into Chinese cultureChinese culture Passed laws Passed laws preventing intermixingpreventing intermixing of cultures of cultures Required Chinese men to adopt ManchuRequired Chinese men to adopt Manchu
clothing; try to clothing; try to outlaw foot bindingoutlaw foot binding but are but are unsuccessfulunsuccessful
Created dual positionsCreated dual positions in government for in government for Chinese and ManchusChinese and Manchus
During this time, European influence became During this time, European influence became very strong in Chinavery strong in China
Review Review From which dynasty does the name “China” From which dynasty does the name “China”
come from?come from? Name a major achievement, invention or Name a major achievement, invention or
development that occurred during the dynastic development that occurred during the dynastic period in Chinaperiod in China
Which outside groups founded the Yuan and Which outside groups founded the Yuan and the Qing dynasty?the Qing dynasty?
During which dynasty was European influence During which dynasty was European influence the strongest?the strongest?