homi bhedwar future of nanotechnology
DESCRIPTION
Homi Bhedwar Future Of NanotechnologyTRANSCRIPT
DuPont Nanoscale Science & Engineering: Reality & Promise
Homi C. BhedwarDirector,
DuPont Knowledge Center, Hyderabad
EmTech India 20109 March 2010
Bangalore
2
New Technologies Generate …Hope, Fear,
Prentice Hall PTR; 1st edition (November 8, 2002)
Harper Collins; 1st edition (November 1, 2002)
Prometheus Books (December 30, 2005)
and Skepticism
3
1802 1830 1850 1900 1925 1945 1990 2000 2050 2090
Birth
Growth
Maturity
Birth
Growth
Maturity
Birth
Growth
Explosives
Chemistry,Polymers
Integrated Science:Biology, Chemistry, Materials Science,Knowledge Intensity
Maturity
DuPont: 207 Years of Product InnovationTo be the world’s most dynamic science company, creating
sustainable solutions essential to a better, safer, healthier life for people everywhere.
4
DuPont Known & Admired for Innovation
5
Integrated Science
N
Chemistry
Nanoscience & Engineering
Materials Science
Biology
CompetitiveAdvantage
6
DuPont R&D Building Blocks….
ChemicalSynthesis (organic,
inorganic, fluoro)
Polymersynthesis & processing
Advanced Fibers
Particle &Dispersion
Science
Biology and bio-based processes
Materials Science Catalysis
Precision Patterning
Surfaces and
coatings
Inorganic- Organic
composites
Leverageable Analytical Science, Toxicology, Scientific Computing
Nanoscale Science and Engineering
….are all connected to NS&E
Leverageable Analytical Science, Toxicology, Scientific Computing:The Key to Nano-Progress“New truths become evident when new tools become available.” - Rosalyn Yalow (Nobel Laureate, ‘77)
7
All That is “Nano” is Not New
David, stained-glass window, 19th century, Winchester Cathedral, England
http://student.britannica.com/eb/art-16461/David-stained-glass-window-19th-century-Winchester-Cathedral-England
A Damascus sword – 17th century Blade showing the damask microstructure
and remnant of cementite nanowires enclosed in CNT
http://news.softpedia.com/news/Damascus-Swords-Product-of-Nanotechnology-40503.shtml
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/feb2007/279.pdf
8
“Established” nanosized materials:
- Carbon Black
- Colloidal silver and gold
- Colloidal and fumed silica
- Pigments
- Magnetic materials
- Catalysts
Sauer, McLean
Wood, Chou
Anhydride Surlyn®
modifier in Nylon-6
500 nm85 nm
AFM image showing distribution of hard (bright) & soft segments in elastane fiber
Web structure in PTFE membrane
Coatings on pigmentary TiO2
All That is “Nano” is Not New to DuPont
9
Particle science
Inorganic and organometallic chem.Photochemistry Surface SciencePolymer ScienceDispersionsCoatingsColor SciencePrecision PatterningOrganic SynthesisFluorochemistryBiomolecular Eng.Materials Sci & Eng.Process innovations
Technology Toolkit
Construction
Security and Protection
Agriculture
Displays
Alternate Energy
Electronics
Automotive
Elect. machinery
Plastics
Markets Served
Surface properties
Optical properties
Elect. properties
Selective barriers
Heat resistance
Weight vs. strength
Flexibility
Biological activity
UV resistance
Cost vs.performance
Properties Needed
Displays
Advanced CoatingsFuel CellsPhotovoltaic CellsPrecision patterningProtective Apparel
Advanced Membranes
Engineering PlasticsElectronic MaterialsBiosensors
Target Applications
Market-Focused Innovation Strategy
Nanoparticles and dispersions
MetalsMetal oxidesNanoclays
Carbon nanotubesBiomoleculesMembranesALD / Thin Films- etc- etc
10
Nanoscience Enables Unique Properties & Combinations
Rheological
Opt
ical
Electrical
Therm
alSur
face
Barrier
Electronic
Mechanical
Unique Unique Combinations?Combinations?
11
Nanostructure-based Behavior of Materials is Determined by:
Relationship to other critical dimensions… • Size or structure relative to wavelength of visible light (400nm -700nm)
• Size or structure relative to molecular building blocks of bulk materials
• Size or structure relative to biological building blocks
• Active surface area relative to gross volume
• Effective surface area relative to nominal dimensions
And fundamental, size related properties• Quantum effects (e.g., quantum dots, single electron devices)
• Molecular architecture creating new forms of matter (buckyballs, carbon nanotubes)
12
Surfaces(Patterned or textured on the nanoscale)
Levels of Nanoscale
Design
Films and coatings(Nanoscale in surface thickness only)
Nano Particles(nanoscale in one or
more dimensions)
50 nm50 nm
Nanodevices
Partitioning the Innovation Space for Materials…..Nanostructured bulk materials(nanoscale internal structure)
13
DuPont (TM) Light Stabilizer 210 offers protection from the sun's UV rays for plastics used in products such as playground equipment, outdoor furniture and construction components.
Introducing: DuPont (TM) Light Stabilizer 210 Helps Protect Plastics from Sun Damage
First Product Developed Using DuPont-Environmental Defense Nano Risk Framework
WILMINGTON, Del., Oct. 15, 2007 – DuPont today introduced DuPont(TM) Light Stabilizer 210, a product designed as sun protection for plastics. The product uses extremely small particles of titanium dioxide to efficiently absorb ultraviolet light, protecting plastic and anything it covers from the sun’s damaging rays. Because a sizeable percentage of titanium dioxide particles in the product are nanoscale, it was selected as a demonstration case for application of the Nano Risk Framework that DuPont and Environmental Defense introduced in June. The Framework is a systematic and disciplined process to evaluate and address the potential risks of nanoscale materials.
14
Attenuation of UV Radiation by DuPont™ Light Stabilizer 210
Polymer
DuPont™ Light Stabilizer 210 Particles
Io
Ir
Is
It
Ia
• Attenuation defined as the total UV screening effect, due to both UV absorbance and scattering.
• Optimized particle size to provide broad spectrum UV attenuation.
• Longer effective path length
Anderson, M. W., J .P. Hewitt, S. R. Spruce, Broad-Spectrum Physical Sunscreens: Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide in Sunscreens, N.J. Lowe., Ed., Marcel Deker, Inc., New York, 1997, p 365
Io = incident radiation
Ir = reflected
Ia = absorbed
Is = scattered
It = transmitted
15
TiO2 Nanoparticles Provide UV Stabilization
Hytrel® property retention after UV exposure
Particles Size Distribution of Ultrafine TiO2 Products
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
10 100 1000 10000
Particle Size (nm)
We
igh
t F
rac
tio
n (
%)
DLS 210
UF TiO2 #1
UF TiO2 #2
UF TiO2 #3
16
Levels of Nanoscale
Design
Films and coatings(Nanoscale in surface thickness only)
Nano Particles(nanoscale in one or
more dimensions)
50 nm50 nm
Nanodevices
Partitioning the Innovation Space for Materials…..Nanostructured bulk materials(nanoscale internal structure)
Surfaces(Patterned or textured on the nanoscale)
17
DuPont SuperStructural Overview T
ensi
le S
tren
gth
Tensile Modulus
Steel
AlFuture
Mg
EP
Structural Engineering
Polymers
0 200 GPa
0
500MPa
Hybrid solutions to close gap on metals• METAFUSE™ NanoMetal/Polymer hybrid• other…
New Product and Solutions Development to Replace Metals
20GPa
Improved resinsfor plastic structures• Long fibre reinforced (LFRT)• Stiffer via carbon fibre
18
Nanocrystalline Metal Alloy Cladding
Polymer Substrateeg. compound, composite, film etc.
Nanometal/Polymer Hybrid Solution
Concept:Apply thin layer of nanocrystalline metal onto selected areas of a molded plastic part to increase stiffness and other properties.
Unique:NanoMetal clad on plastic dramatically improves part stiffness because nanometal is ultra strong, can withstand high tensile loads at part surface when flexed
19
Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEMs) Illustrating the Crystalline Structure
Conventional metal Nanocrystalline metal
15 µm 15 µm
NanoCrystalline Metals
• Based on patented technology/proprietary process
• Produces fully-dense metals/alloys
• Extreme grain refinement results in high strength and hardness/wear-resistance
15µm
1nm
15µm
y = 0 +K
d
20
25% GR PA66
0
10
30
GP
a
Flexural Modulus
Plast
ic on
lyPla
stic/
Met
al
20
0
10
20
To
tal E
ner
gy,
Jo
ule
s
Plast
ic on
lyPla
stic/
Met
al
Multi-axial Impact
100 µm NanoMetal alloy clad on 25% GR PA66
DMA Curves
Plastic only
Plastic/Metal
METAFUSE™ NanoMetal/Polymer HybridMuch Higher Performance than Polymer Alone
21
METAFUSE™:NanoMetal/Polymer Hybrid Solution
Nanocrystalline metal clad on polymer offers high performance with new design freedom:
Designing for high strength and stiffness at minimum weight Direct fabrication of structural components in complex shapes Improving strength, stiffness and creep of plastic parts at elevated
temperatures Adding hard, wear resistant coating to plastics Make plastics more impermeable, conductive and dimensionally stable Aesthetics / metal look
22
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Co
mp
lexi
ty
Surface/Interface Control
Nanostructured Polymers
3-D Nanofabrication
Selectively Permeable Membranes
Biointeractive
Lightweight Structures
Smart/Interactive Textiles
Nanoscale Building Blocks – variety of shape, size, composition
Specialty
Coatings
Hierarchically-Structured Materials
Multifunction composites
Directed, Self Assembled MaterialsFuel Cell/Solar Cell
DEVICE/APPLICATION
SCIENCE
Slide Provided by Jim Murday, NRL
Mechanical properties at nanoscale
Integrated model nano-macro
“Aldrich” catalog of nanostructures
Cost effective 3-D nanoassembly
Plethora of systems with “Nano inside”
Nanostructure in metals
High Power Ceramic Laser
http://www.chemicalvision2020.org/nanomaterialsroadmap.html
A Nanomaterials “Roadmap”
23
NS&E is relevant to virtually every materials market…
1-4
5-8
9-14
15+
Medical applications
Bio-materialsTissue/
organ regen
NanobioNEMS
Smart implants
Drugdelivery
Medicaldiagnostics
Nano-arrays
Years
Coatings & Dispersions
Chemical catalysts
Textiles
Lubricants
CoatingsCosmetics
Paints
Devices & Microelectronics
Micro-processors
Quantum computingSimple
ICs
Memory/
Storage devices
Sensors
Displays
Molecularcircuitry
Energy, Industrial
Composites
Membranes
Food packaging
Energy/
fuel cellsSolar cells Prototype FED with carbon nanotubes
DNA wrapped around an individual
carbon nanotube
Low-cost
Energy
24
DuPont is Leading in Nanomaterials Stewardship
Strategic Collaborations• Worked with Environmental Defense to publish a practical framework to identify,
manage and reduce SHE risks
• Leading 14 company consortium to develop new tools and techniques for generating nanoparticle safety data and monitoring safety
Establishment of Standards• Engagement with external industry peers, academia, NGOs and standards development
organizations
• Engagement with EPA and OECD
Conducting and publishing toxicology studies • DuPont Haskell Lab. widely recognized as a leader
Active internal coordination & alignment • “One DuPont” guidelines established for nanomaterials development and
commercialization
25
Nanoparticle Occupational Safety and Health (NOSH) Consortium
A consortium of companies, government, academia, and public interest groups, including*:
DuPont Procter & Gamble Dow Chemical Air Products & Chemicals
DeGussa Rohm & Haas PPG Health & Safety Executive (UK)
Intel Corporation Dept of Energy Office of Science General Electric
Sponsored research at DuPont to advance our ability to assess and control occupational exposures to engineered nanoparticles
• Generate nanoparticle aerosols and measure their behavior as a function of time
• Develop a simple, robust, portable device to measure airborne nanoparticles
• Measure the barrier efficiency of various materials to nanoparticles
Cost shared among 14 organizations
* Other organizations have requested that their identities not be disclosed
26
Environmental Defense – DuPont Draft Nano Risk Framework
“A framework to facilitate the responsible development, production, use and disposal of nano-scale materials.”
• Collaboration begun in October 2005
• Objective: A systematic and disciplined process, developed with broad collaboration
• to identify, manage and reduce potential health, safety and environmental risks throughout the lifecycle of such nanomaterials”
• Model and tool for industry, public interest groups, academia and government
• Make available information, tools and methods developed
• Framework was published on June 21, 2007
27
Summary
• Strong tradition of R&D and innovation.
• Nanotechnology is yet another tool in DuPont’s technology tool-kit.
• Nanotechnology can deliver value through ordered hierarchies.
• DuPont is a leader in Nanomaterials stewardship