Homogenic 1

Homogenic

Homogenic

Studio album by Björk

Released September 22, 1997

Recorded August 1996 – August 1997 at El Cortijo Studios in Málaga, Spain

Genre Alternative dance, trip hop[1]

Length 43:35

Label One Little Indian

Producer Björk, Mark Bell, Guy Sigsworth, Howie B, Markus Dravs

Björk chronology

Telegram(1996)

Homogenic(1997)

Selmasongs(2000)

Singles from Homogenic

1. "Jóga"Released: September 1997

2. "Bachelorette"Released: December 1997

3. "Hunter"Released: March 1998

4. "Alarm Call"Released: October 1998

5. "All Is Full of Love"Released: June 1999

Homogenic is the fourth studio album by Icelandic musician Björk, released in September 1997. Produced by Björk,Mark Bell, Guy Sigsworth, Howie B and Markus Dravs, it was released on One Little Indian Records. The music ofHomogenic was a new style for Björk, focusing on similar sounding music combining electronic beats and stringinstruments with songs in tribute to her native country Iceland. Homogenic was originally to be produced in herhome in London, but was later recorded in Spain.Homogenic marked the first of several production collaborations between Mark Bell and Björk, whom Björk wouldcite as a major influence on her musical career. The album peaked at number twenty-eight on the Billboard 200, andat number four on the UK Albums Chart. Five singles were released from Homogenic: "Jóga", "Bachelorette","Hunter", "Alarm Call" and "All Is Full of Love". Homogenic was highly acclaimed on its initial release andcontinues to be praised by critics, with Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine stating that "if not the greatest electronicalbum of all time, it's certainly the greatest of its decade".[2]

Homogenic 2

Production

Maida Vale sessionsAfter an extensive tour in 1996, Björk returned to her home in Maida Vale with an urgent need to write new songs asa form of therapy.[3] Björk would let audio engineer Markus Dravs into her home studio to start creating new songs.Björk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only one flavour".[3] The album began with the workingtitle of Homogeneous, but Björk shortly afterwards changed it to Homogenic.[3]

The sessions with Dravs and Björk were casual, with Björk allowing Dravs freedom with the album. Björk only leftthe studio to cook meals for the both of them.[4] One of the first songs created during the sessions was "5 Years"which Dravs created the fast beat for.[4] The progress of Homogenic in these sessions was halted due to a mediasensation caused by the suicide of Björk's stalker Ricardo López.[5][6] To deal with the stress of being at home duringthis incident, Björk imagined herself as the protagonist in a Spanish soap opera.[6] The character's image inspired asong titled "So Broken" which she sang to herself in her kitchen.[6] The song was later included on the Japaneseimport of the album.[7]

Málaga sessionsTo record in privacy away from the sudden unwanted media interest, Björk's tour drummer Trevor Morais offeredhis studio in Spain. Björk went to Málaga and arranged to meet with flamenco guitarist Raimundo Amador.[6] Björkhad originally intended to stay in Málaga only briefly, but later decided to record the entirety of Homogenic there.[6]

Björk made a final trip out of the country before staying in Spain. As she had done since moving to London, Björkreturned to Iceland for Christmas.[6] While there, she wrote more new songs for Homogenic, including "Jóga".[8]

Before returning to Spain to record, Björk was sidetracked by a two week worldwide press tour for the promotion ofher remix album Telegram, which had just been released.[9]

After returning to the studio in Spain in late January, Björk decided that producer Nellee Hooper, who had producedboth Debut and Post, would not return, as Björk stated that they had "both stopped surprising each other".[10][11][12]

Björk had intended to produce the album alone, but she abandoned the idea and sought out a group of closecollaborators including Dravs, Howie B, Guy Sigsworth and LFO's Mark Bell.[10] Howie B had worked with Björkpreviously on Debut and Post and Sigsworth had played harpsichord on Post.[11][12] The American hip hop groupWu-Tang Clan almost contributed to the production of Homogenic, but were unable to due to their production on thealbum Wu-Tang Forever, which had taken longer than planned.[10] Most of the melodies on the album were createdmentally by Björk, who then composed string sections on a Casio keyboard and brought them to programmers whowould add suitable rhythmic patterns.[13] Björk desired to have Mark Bell contribute to her albums Debut and Post,only finding him available for Homogenic.[14] Mark Bell was credited for the majority of the album's production,including the songs "Pluto", "Alarm Call", and the bass line in "Jóga". Björk stated about her collaboration with Bellthat she "trusts and respects what [Bell] does for me. If I were to say who has influenced me most it would beStockhausen, Kraftwerk, Brian Eno and Mark Bell".[10] Other unorthodox methods of recording were used duringthe production, including Björk wanting to record outside on the porch and using non-professionals to help aid withproduction, such as Rebecca Storey, who was hired as a babysitter, but added to the production staff after showinginterest in the equipment.[15][16]

String arrangements were added late in the recording process.[16] Björk had friend Eumir Deodato conduct,transcribe and compose original pieces for the few songs that Björk did not arrange for herself.[16] To keep with theIcelandic theme of the album, Björk ordered the services of the Icelandic String Octet.[16] By June 1997, the albumwas behind schedule and Björk was uncertain of the final track listing and unhappy with some of the recordedvocals.[17]

Homogenic 3

StyleBefore production began on Homogenic, Björk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only oneflavour".[3] Heather Phares of Allmusic described the sound of Homogenic as a "fusion of chilly strings (courtesy ofthe Icelandic String Octet), stuttering, abstract beats, and unique touches like accordion and glass harmonica".[1] Thealbum differs from her previous two releases stylistically, and Neva Chonin of Rolling Stone stated the album was"certain to be rough going for fans looking for the sweet melodies and peppy dance collages of her earlierreleases".[18]

Björk wanted Homogenic to have a conceptual focus on her native Iceland. Producer Markus Dravs recalled Björkwanting it to sound like "rough volcanoes with soft moss growing all over it..."[3] In an interview for Oor, Björkexplained that "in Iceland, everything revolves around nature, 24 hours a day. Earthquakes, snowstorms, rain, ice,volcanic eruptions, geysers... Very elementary and uncontrollable. But at the other hand, Iceland is incrediblymodern; everything is hi-tech. The number of people owning a computer is as high as nowhere else in the world.That contradiction is also on Homogenic. The electronic beats are the rhythm, the heartbeat. The violins create theold-fashioned atmosphere, the colouring."[19][20]

Björk's vocals on Homogenic range from primitive sounding screams to a traditional singing method used byIcelandic choir men, a combination of speaking and singing as illustrated in the song "Unravel".[21][22] The majorityof songs on Homogenic have lyrics about love and failed relationships. The song "Jóga" was written as a tribute toher best friend and tour masseuse of the same name.[8] Björk called "All is Full of Love" a song about "believing inlove" and that "Love isn't just about two persons. It's everywhere around you".[23] "All Neon Like" contains snippetsof a poem Björk wrote called "Techno Prayer" in 1996. The song "5 Years" appeared in live form a few weeks afterher breakup with musician Tricky and music journalists considered it a response to it.[1][24] "Bachelorette" wasoriginally written for director Bernardo Bertolucci for his film Stealing Beauty.[24] Björk later faxed Bertolucci,informing him the song would be used for her album instead.[24] "Bachelorette" and "Jóga" were written withIcelandic poet Sjón, because Björk wanted to use epic lyrics.[24][25] "Immature" was written about mistakes in pastrelationships, shortly after the breakup with Goldie.[26] Björk described "Pluto" as about "being plastered, that needto destroy everything so you can start again".[27] "Unravel" is a song about lamenting love, with brief flashes ofhope.[28] The themes of the album are reflected in the album cover designed by Alexander McQueen.[29] Björkapproached McQueen explaining to him the person who wrote Homogenic's songs was someone who "had tobecome a warrior. A warrior who had to fight not with weapons, but with love. I had 10 kilos of hair on my head,and special contact lenses and a manicure that prevented me from eating with my fingers, and gaffer tape around mywaist and high clogs so I couldn't walk easily".[29]

ReleaseHomogenic was released later than One Little Indian Records had intended. Björk was behind schedule and thealbum's cover design by Nick Knight needed a reshoot.[17] Towards the end of August 1997, One Little Indiandelayed the album by a month.[17] Homogenic was released on September 22, 1997 on One Little Indian in theUnited Kingdom and on September 23 Elektra Records in North America on compact disc and cassette.[1][30][31][32]

The album was later issued on vinyl and DualDisc formats.[1] The Japanese import version of Homogenic includedseveral bonus tracks and remixed versions of songs.[7] The DualDisc release featured the full album on the CD sideand the DVD side included the album with superior sound quality and the music videos for the singles.[33]

On the album's initial release, it charted in the United States on October 11, 1997, and stayed in the charts for nine weeks peaking at number 28.[34] Homogenic entered the charts in Canada for one week at number 20.[34][35] In the United Kingdom, Homogenic entered the charts on October 4, 1997, stayed in the charts for thirteen weeks and peaked at number four.[36] Of the ten songs on Homogenic, five were released as singles. A music video for "Jóga" directed by Michel Gondry was filmed in the middle of 1997 and was the first single for the album.[37][38]

"Bachelorette" was released in December 1997 with another music video directed by Gondry.[38] In 1998, two

Homogenic 4

singles were released: "Hunter", which had a music video directed by Paul White, and "Alarm Call", which had avideo directed by Alexander McQueen.[38] The final single from Homogenic was "All Is Full of Love", released in1999 with a music video directed by Chris Cunningham.[38] "Jóga" was the only single to not chart in the UnitedKingdom and "All Is Full of Love" was the only single to chart in the United States, peaking at number eight the HotDance Singles Sales chart.[36][39] In Canada, the Canadian Recording Industry Association certified Homogenic as agold record on June 12, 1998, and in the United States the RIAA certified the album as Gold on August 31,2001.[40][41]

Tour

Björk performing at Ruisrock, Turku, Finland onJune 28, 1998.[42]

When the release of Homogenic was delayed by a month, its tourbegan with the audience not being familiar with the album's songssince it had not been released yet.[17] The tour started at the beginningof September with a backing band that consisted only of Mark Bell andmade stops in Germany, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Spain, andEngland. These shows were brief live shows lasting about half an hourconsisting of only new material.[17] Another tour took place in lateOctober and lasted less than four weeks. Stops on this tour includedItaly, Switzerland, France, England, Scotland, Germany, Ireland, andDenmark.[43] In late November, Björk was diagnosed with a kidneyinfection and while she was still healthy she was advised to take a threeweek rest and was forced to cancel her American tour.[43] In 1998, a North American tour with Radiohead wasannounced but canceled later due to difficulty of changing the stage between performances of the acts.[44] Björk hadanother tour in the middle of 1998 through Europe, and outside of the continent through other countries, includingChile, Brazil and Argentina.[44] Opening acts for portions of the tour included electronic musician µ-Ziq.[45]

Reception

Professional ratingsReview scores

Source Rating

Allmusic [1]

The A.V. Club (mixed)[46]

Robert Christgau [47]

Entertainment Weekly (A)[48]

NME (9/10)[49]

Pitchfork Media (9.9/10)[50]

Rolling Stone [18]

Slant Magazine [2]

Spin (9/10)[51]

Tiny Mix Tapes [52]

Homogenic 5

Homogenic has been met with acclaim by critics since its initial release, winning multiple awards, as well as beingplaced on several "best of" charts. The album was nominated in the Best Alternative Music Performance category atthe 1998 Grammy Awards, losing to Radiohead's OK Computer.[53][54] Michel Gondry's music video for"Bachelorette" was nominated for best Best Short Form Music Video at the 1999 Grammy Awards, but lost to JonasÅkerlund's video for the Madonna song "Ray of Light".[55][56] Homogenic landed Björk the award for BestInternational Female at the BRIT Awards where she accepted the award stating "I am grateful grapefruit".[44]

Initial critical reception was positive. Entertainment Weekly gave the album an A rating, stating that "Homogeniccould have been stuffy and dull — Sting with a sex-change operation. It's a testament to Bjork's continued weirdnessthat even overtures toward adulthood come out delightfully skewed".[48] Rolling Stone gave the album four stars outof five, calling it "one of the boldest – and most exciting – albums of the year".[18] NME gave the album a nine outof ten rating, noting the record as "probably her most weird, it is also her best....It is here...that Bjork has deliveredher most emotional, highly-charged and groovy record, as well as a stinging triumph for the spirit of adventure."[49]

A more negative review came from Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club, who said "Homogenic is stylish enough,and it's as restlessly creative as you'd expect, but the album rarely gives Björk's songs a chance to assertthemselves".[46]

American critics rated Homogenic highly in end of the year polls. In Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll of 1997,the album placed at number nine.[57] Spin ranked the album at number four on their list of "Top 20 Albums of theYear".[58] British critics listed the album in similar polls, with Melody Maker ranking the album at numberthirty-three on their list of "Albums of the Year" and NME placed the album at number fifteen in its Critics'Poll.[59][60] Later reception to the album has also been generally positive. Ryan Schrieber of Pitchfork Media gaveHomogenic a 9.9 out of 10 rating, claiming the album was "absolutely brilliant".[50] In 2002, Homogenic placed atnumber ten on Slant Magazine's list of "The Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century".[61] In 2003,Homogenic placed on number 21 on the music webzine Pitchfork Media's list of the top one hundred albums of the1990s, claiming it as "one of the most perfectly formed records of any era, and it is entirely possible that Björk willnever approach this level of consistently enrapturing beauty again".[62] In 2007, Slant Magazine gave the highestpossible rating of five out of five stars, describing the album as "gorgeous and evocative" and praising it as one ofthe best albums of the 1990s.[2] In a career retrospective in 2007, Spin gave the album five out of five stars.[63] In2011, Slant Magazine placed the album at number one on their list of best albums of the 1990s.[64]

Track listingAll songs written and composed by Björk,[1][30] except where otherwise noted.

No. Title Writer(s) Length

1. "Hunter" 4:15

2. "Jóga" Björk, Sjón 5:05

3. "Unravel" Björk, Guy Sigsworth 3:21

4. "Bachelorette" Björk, Sjón 5:12

5. "All Neon Like" 5:53

6. "5 Years" 4:29

7. "Immature" (Mark Bell's Version) 3:06

8. "Alarm Call" 4:19

9. "Pluto" Björk, Mark Bell 3:20

10. "All Is Full of Love" (Howie's Version) 4:32

Homogenic 6

Japanese bonus tracks (for initial pressing only)[7][65]

No. Title Writer(s) Length

11. "Jóga" (Howie B Main Mix) Björk, Sjón 5:00

12. "Sod Off" 2:54

13. "Immature" (Björk's Version) 2:48

14. "So Broken" (featuring Raimundo Amador) 5:59

15. "Nature Is Ancient" Björk, Bell 3:39

16. "Jóga" (Alec Empire Remix) Björk, Sjón 8:44

DualDisc/Surrounded

No. Title Writer(s) Length

1. "Hunter" (Dolby Surround Mix) 4:15

2. "Jóga" (Dolby Surround Mix) Björk, Sjón 5:05

3. "Unravel" (Dolby Surround Mix) Björk, Guy Sigsworth 3:17

4. "Bachelorette" (Dolby Surround Mix) Björk, Sjón 5:15

5. "All Neon Like" (Dolby Surround Mix) 5:53

6. "5 Years" (Dolby Surround Mix) 4:29

7. "Immature" (Mark Bell's Version) (Dolby Surround Mix) 3:06

8. "Alarm Call" (Dolby Surround Mix) 4:19

9. "Pluto" (Dolby Surround Mix) Björk, Mark Bell 3:21

10. "All Is Full of Love" (video version) (Dolby Surround Mix) 4:46

11. "Jóga" (music video)

12. "Bachelorette" (music video)

13. "Hunter" (music video)

14. "Alarm Call" (music video)

15. "All Is Full of Love" (music video)

Personnel• Alasdair Alloy – glass harmonica• Vaughan Armon – violin• Mark Bell – keyboards• Sigurbjorn Bernhardsson – violin• Mark Berrow – violin• Björk – keyboards• Mike Brittain – bass• Jeffrey Bryant – horn• Roger Chase – viola• Ben Cruft – violin• Sigrun Edvaldsdottir – violin• Paul Gardhaim – bass• Roger Garland – violin

Homogenic 7

• Wilfred Gibson – violin• Isobel Griffiths – orchestra contractor• Sigurdur Bjarki Gunnarsson – cello• Hrund Hardardottir – viola• Bill Hawkes – viola• Steve Henderson – timbales, tympani• Paul Kegg – cello• Yasuhiro Kobayashi – accordion• Peter Lale – viola• Chris Laurence – bass• Helen Liebmann – cello• Martin Loveday – cello• Alasdair Malloy – glass harmonica• Perry Mason – violin• Jim McLeod – violin• Perry Montague-Mason – violin• Trevor Morais – drums, electronic drums• Jon R. Ornolfsson – cello• Peter Oxer – violin• Paul Pritchard – bass• Maciej Rakowski – violin• Frank Ricotti – snare drums• George Robertson – viola• Guy Sigsworth – clavichord, keyboards, pipe organ• Moeidur Anna Sigurdardottir – viola• Una Sveinbjarnardottir – violin• Mike Thompson – horn• Sif Tulinius – violin• John Tunnell – cello• Helen Tunstall – harp• Gavyn Wright – violin

Production• Howie B – programming, producer, mixing• Mark Bell – programming, producer, drum programming, crew• Björk – arranger, producer• Danny Joe Brown Band – programming, mixing assistant• Richard Brown – programming• Kirsten Cowie – mixing assistant, assistant• Deodato – arranger, orchestration, transcription• Marius de Vries – programming• Markus Dravs – programming, producer, engineer, drum programming, crew• Katy England – stylist• Jason Groucott – mixing assistant, assistant• Nick Knight – photography• James Loughrey – mixing assistant, assistant• Alexander McQueen – art direction

Homogenic 8

• Sie Medway-Smith – mixing assistant, assistant• Rob Murphy – mixing assistant, assistant• Russel Polden – mixing assistant, assistant• Steve Price – engineer• Guy Sigsworth – producer• Tony Stanton – copyist• Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing, crew• Rebecca Storey – mixing assistant, assistant• Paul Walton – mixing assistant• Jason Westbrook – mixing assistant, assistant

Charts

Album

Chart (1997) Peakposition

Reference

Canadian Albums Chart 20 [35]

French Albums Chart 2 [66]

Norwegian Albums Chart 3 [67]

UK Albums Chart 4 [36]

US Billboard 200 28 [35]

Singles

Year Song Peak positions

UK[36]

US Hot Dance Singles[39]

1997 "Jóga" — —

"Bachelorette" 21 —

1998 "Hunter" 44 —

"Alarm Call" 33 —

1999 "All Is Full of Love" 24 8

"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

Notes[1] Phares, Heather. "((( Homogenic > Review )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-02.[2] Cinquemani, Sal. "Slant Magazine Music Review: Björk: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine. com/ music/ review/ bjork-homogenic/

234). Slant Magazine. . Retrieved 2009-04-08.[3][3] Pytlik, 2003. p.119[4][4] Pytlik, 2003. p.120[5] Colin, Chris (05-01-2001). "Salon.com People Björk" (http:/ / archive. salon. com/ people/ bc/ 2001/ 05/ 01/ bjork/ print. html). Salon.com. .

Retrieved 2009-04-07.[6][6] Pytlik, 2003. p.121[7] Thompson, Dave. "((( Homogenic (Japan Bonus Tracks) > Overview )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r403653). Allmusic. .

Retrieved 2009-04-02.[8][8] Pytlik, 2003. p.122[9][9] Pytlik, 2003. p.123[10][10] Pytlik, 2003. p.124[11] "allmusic (((Debut > Credits)))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r184600). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-07.[12] "allmusic (((Post > Credits)))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r216082). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-07.[13][13] Pytlik, 2003. p.126[14] "Mark Bell / LFO Interview" (http:/ / www. themilkfactory. co. uk/ interviews/ lfoiw. htm). The Milk Factory. June 2002. . Retrieved

2009-07-05.[15][15] Pytlik, 2003. p.127[16][16] Pytlik, 2003. p.128[17][17] Pytlik, 2003. p.129

Homogenic 9

[18] Chonin, Neva (1997-10-03). "Homogenic Björk: Review: Rolling Stone" (http:/ / www. rollingstone. com/ music/ albumreviews/homogenic-19971003). Rolling Stone. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20090317075015/ http:/ / www. rollingstone. com/ artists/bjork/ albums/ album/ 160171/ review/ 5941298/ homogenic) from the original on 2009-03-17. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.

[19] Oor. September 1997.[20] "Björk:albums:Homogenic:Icelandic techno" (http:/ / unit. bjork. com/ specials/ albums/ homogenic/ ). Muziekkrant OOR. September 1997. .

Retrieved 2009-04-10.[21][21] Lysloff, 2003. p.183[22][22] Lysloff, 2003. p.194[23][23] Pytlik, 2003. p.170[24][24] Pytlik, 2003. p.169[25][25] Pytlik, 2003. p.174[26][26] Pytlik, 2003. p.182[27][27] Pytlik, 2003. p.190[28][28] Pytlik, 2003. p.196[29] "Björk:about:Homogenic:About the album cover" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20100326035612/ http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ about/

right. php?id=1018). Chicago Sun Times. May 15, 1998. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ about/ right.php?id=1018) on March 29, 2006. . Retrieved 2009-07-08.

[30] Homogenic (Linear notes). Elektra. 1997. CD62061.[31] "Certified Awards Search [search for 'Homogenic' (http:/ / www. bpi. co. uk/ certifiedawards/ search. aspx)"]. BPI. . Retrieved May 3, 2010.[32] Smith, Ethan (8 September 1997). "Fall Preview Pop Music" (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=FegCAAAAMBAJ). New York Magazine 30

(34): 105. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. "Björk, Homogenic, (Elektra, September 23)"[33] Phares, Heather. "((( Homogenic (Dualdisc) > Overview )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r845471). Allmusic. . Retrieved

2009-04-08.[34] "Homogenic - Björk: Billboard.com" (http:/ / www. billboard. com/ #/ album/ björk/ homogenic/ 261367). Billboard. . Retrieved

September 16, 2009.[35] "((( Homogenic > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved

2009-04-08.[36][36] Warwick, 2004. p.140[37][37] Pytlik, 2003. p.131[38] "björk:albums:Homogenic" (http:/ / unit. bjork. com/ specials/ albums/ homogenic/ ). bjork.com. . Retrieved 2009-04-08.[39] "((( Homogenic > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved

2009-04-08.[40] "CRIA website. Search for "Homogenic"" (http:/ / www. cria. ca/ cert_db_search. php). CRIA. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.[41] "RIAA website. Search for "Homogenic"" (http:/ / www. riaa. com/ goldandplatinumdata. php?table=SEARCH). RIAA. . Retrieved

2009-04-09.[42] "bjork.com : gigOgraphy" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080219022146/ http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ gigography/ sub.

php?date=1998-06-28). bjork.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ gigography/ sub. php?date=1998-06-28) onFebruary 19, 2008. . Retrieved 2009-05-30.

[43][43] Pytlik, 2003. p.132[44][44] Pytlik, 2003. p.133[45] Bidaye, Prasad (September 1999). "Destination Out: Experimental & Avant-garde reviews: µ-ziq: Royal Astronomy" (http:/ / www.

exclaim. ca/ musicreviews/ generalreview. aspx?csid2=847& fid1=6777& csid1=103). Exclaim!. . Retrieved September 3, 2009.[46] Thompson, Steven (1997). "Homogenic" (http:/ / www. avclub. com/ articles/ homogenic,17980/ ). Music A.V. Club. . Retrieved

2009-04-09.[47] Christgau, Robert. "Review: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. robertchristgau. com/ get_artist. php?id=149& name=Björk). Robert Christgau. .

Retrieved 12 June 2009.[48] Browne, David (1997-09-26). "Homogenic Music Review Entertainment Weekly" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,289560,00. html).

Entertainment Weekly. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.[49] NME: 54. 20 September 1997. "9 (out of 10) - "...her third solo album, HOMOGENIC, is probably her most weird, it is also her best....It is

here...that Bjork has delivered her most emotional, highly-charged and groovy record, as well as a stinging triumph for the spirit ofadventure.")"

[50] Schrieber, Ryan. "Homogenic: Pitchfork" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5g3suOZf7). Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original (http:/ /www. pitchforkmedia. com/ record-reviews/ b/ bjork/ homogenic. shtml) on 2009-04-15. . Retrieved 2009-04-15.

[51] Hunter, James (September 1997). "SPIN" (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=G-86CzNjg9cC& pg=PA135). Spin: 135. . Retrieved2009-04-15. "9 (out of 10) - "...the 31-year-old Reykjavik native's new album delves deeply into hip-hop, flies in orchestras, and proves thatthe electronic generation will yield much more than a string of dance epiphanies...""

[52] "Review: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. tinymixtapes. com/ music-review/ bj-rk-homogenic). Tiny Mix Tapes. . Retrieved 7 July 2012.[53][53] Randall, p. 251, 255

Homogenic 10

[54] Bresica, Joe (25 January 1998). "NOTICED; Barefoot Road To Glory" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1998/ 01/ 25/ style/noticed-barefoot-road-to-glory. html?partner=rssnyt& emc=rss). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. "Her album Homogenic hasbeen nominated for a Grammy for best alternative-music performance."

[55] "1999 Grammy Nominations" (http:/ / www. nme. com/ news/ lauryn-hill/ 772). NME. 1998-11-27. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.[56] "Grammy Award Winners (Page 2)" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070313132634/ http:/ / www. grammy. com/ GRAMMY_Awards/

Winners/ Results. aspx?title=& winner=madonna& year=0& genreID=0& hp=1). Grammy.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.grammy. com/ GRAMMY_Awards/ Winners/ Results. aspx?title=& winner=Madonna& year=0& genreID=0& hp=1) on March 13, 2007. .Retrieved 2009-04-09.

[57] Christgau, Robert (1998-02-28). "Robert Christgau: Pazz & Jop 1997:Critics Poll" (http:/ / www. robertchristgau. com/ xg/ pnj/ pjres97.php). Village Voice. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.

[58] Spin: 86. January 1998.[59] NME: 78–79. December 1997.[60] Melody Maker: 66–67. December 1997.[61] Cinquemani, Sal (2002). "2520: The 25 Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century : Slant Magazine" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine.

com/ music/ feature/ 2520-the-25-greatest-electronic-albums-of-the-20th-century/ 191/ page_2). Slant Magazine. . Retrieved 2010-01-26.[62] Leone, Dominique (2003-11-23). "Pitchfork: Top 100 Albums of the 1990s" (http:/ / pitchfork. com/ features/ staff-lists/

5923-top-100-albums-of-the-1990s/ 8/ ). Pitchfork Media. . Retrieved 2009-04-09.[63] "Björk Discography" (http:/ / books. google. ca/ books?id=9hzCYGgoKQIC). Spin (SPIN Media LLC) 23 (6): 74. June 2007.

ISSN 0886-3032. . Retrieved July 16, 2010.[64] "Best Albums of the '90s" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine. com/ music/ feature/ best-albums-of-the-90s/ 251/ page_10). Slant Magazine.

February 14, 2011. . Retrieved February 18, 2011.[65] "Björk Homogenic (Japan Bonus Tracks) Album" (http:/ / www. mtv. com/ music/ artist/ bjork/ albums. jhtml?albumId=588499). MTV. .

Retrieved 2009-04-02.[66] "Lescharts.com Björk - Homogenic" (http:/ / lescharts. com/ showitem. asp?interpret=Björk& titel=Homogenic& cat=a). lescharts.com.

Retrieved 5 May 2009.[67] http:/ / lista. vg. no/ liste/ topp-40-album/ 2/ dato/ 1997/ uke/ 40

References• Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=bill263dqDAC). ECW Press.

ISBN 1-55022-556-1.• Warwick, Neil; Jon Kutner, & Tony Brown (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums

(http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC). Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-058-0.• Lysloff, René T. A.; Leslie C. Gay (2003). Music and technoculture (http:/ / books. google. com/

?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC). Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6514-8.• Randall, Mac (2000). Exit Music: The Radiohead Story (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC). Delta.

ISBN 0-385-33393-5.

External links• Homogenic (http:/ / unit. bjork. com/ specials/ albums/ homogenic/ ) at bjork.com• Homogenic (http:/ / www. google. com/ musicl?lid=UlKmLExKH_O& aid=0p4L5uFGJn) at Google music• Homogenic (http:/ / rateyourmusic. com/ release/ album/ bjork/ homogenic/ ) at Rate Your Music

Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and ContributorsHomogenic  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=526399793  Contributors: APPER, Akrabbim, AndrewAllen15, AndrewHowse, Andrzejbanas, AnemoneProjectors, Angeldeb82,Antitext, Ariasne, BD2412, BittersweetJoJo, Blue Dream, Bobblewik, C777, Caladonia, CapitalLetterBeginning, Chairman S., Ckatz, Climberat, Cmdrjameson, Cynic 74, D bovair1988, Dachy,DanWiki2011, Drmies, Eguinho, El C, Elednist, Ericorbit, Escobillo, FerventDove, Flipjargendy, Flygui, Fran Heunther, Fritz Saalfeld, Geoking66, Harro, Hekerui, Imroy, Indopug, JAB991,JPayneSmith, Jackcocoon, Jogers, João Neves, JustAGal, KJBracey, Keraunoscopia, KnightRider, Koavf, Lake bolt, Lzrbiim, M.C. Brown Shoes, MSGJ, Malconfort, Mareklug, MegX, MelEtitis, Michael Devore, Mike Selinker, Mitchell Is A Giraffe, Mrperfect125, Negative1, Nekoangel16, Novldp, Oagersnap, Oli Filth, P4k, PEJL, Ppk80, RalfiParpa, Rhobite, Rich Farmbrough,RichLow, Rosalien, ScudLee, Shenme, Smilingsuzy, Son of Somebody, Soul Crusher, Spaceman Sam, Spellmaster, Sposato, Ss112, Svosyemnadstatiy, Swanrizla, Swidly, Tarnas, Tassedethe,Template namespace initialisation script, TheLadyRaven, Tiefighter, Tokek, Treybien, UndDerMarlena, Vancho, Veniyanwarrior, Wolf111lion, Woohookitty, XDRory, XMandylionx,XayaneXeX, Xen0phile, Zenohockey, Zensufi, 170 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Björk ruisrockissa 1998.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Björk_ruisrockissa_1998.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: -File:Star full.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Star_full.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: -File:Black star.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Black_star.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: -File:Star empty.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Star_empty.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: -

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/