honey bee diseases in france - european medicines agency · notifiable diseases • american...
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Honey bee diseases in France
M.-P. ChauzatUnit of honeybee pathologyFrench Food Safety Agency
(AFSSA)
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
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French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA)
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
• 11 laboratories• Workforce: 1 100• National Agency for
veterinary medicinal products
• Department for the Evaluation of Nutritional and Health Risks
• Plants and Environment Department
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• Unit of Honey Bee pathology
– Located in Sophia Antipolis– The national reference laboratory
– Development and validation of honey bee disease diagnostics of - 7 virus
- 3 bacteria- 2 fungi- 2 acari- 1 coleoptera
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Notifiable diseases
• American foulbrood• Nosemosis (Nosema apis)
• Tropilaelaps clarae• Aethina tumida
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
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Notifiable diseases
• American foulbrood• Nosemosis (Nosema apis)
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
1. Honey bee colonies can not be moved
2. Treatments or prophylactic measures
3. Clinical observations of hives orhoney bee analysis
4. Hives can be moved or not
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Notifiable diseases• Tropilaelaps clarae• Aethina tumida
Not present in France or in Europe
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
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Treatments for notifiable diseasesOnly for American foulbrood
1.Treatments with tetracyclines (3 times in syrup, 0.5 g a.i. each time)
2. Honey bees are transferred in clean hives3. Honey is withdrawn from the colonies 4. Subsequent crop is destroyed
• If the disease is largely developpedcolonies are destructed
• If the disease is NOT largely developped
MLR for tetracyclines in honey = LQ: 15 µg/kg
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Notifiable disease(statement only)
• Varroosisno compulsary measures
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
Treatments- Apivar © (Amitraze)- Apiguard © (Thymol)- Thymovar © (Thymol)- Apistan © (Fluvalinate)
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Active substances from Annexe II
• Oxalic acid• Formic acid• Menthol• Thymol
Conditions of use are not detailed and variable, depending on sources
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Treatments in the real life- Apivar © (Amitraze)some feedbacks from the field indicate the treatment is lessefficient
- Apiguard © (Thymol)- Thymovar ©the use is inconsistent depending on geographical locations
- Apistan © (Fluvalinate)not recommended, varroa resistance has been observed since 1995
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Active substances from Annexe II
• Oxalic acid• Formic acid• Menthol• Thymol
The knowledge on conditions of use is not well disseminated amongst beekeepers
Results on varroa populations in French conditions are not well known
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« Bee mortality and bee surveillance in Europe »
- 8 partners- founded by EFSA- released in December 2009
No effective surveillance system in FranceResults based on field surveys
EMEA – London – 14&15 December 2009
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• 120 colonies assessed during 3 years
Apiary 2002 2003 2004 2005
Chalkbrood 6 (27.3) 19 (79.2) 20 (87.0) 16 (72.7)
Bald brood 3 (13.6) 23 (95.8) 23 (100) 20 (90.9)
Nosema sp. 3 (13.6) 19 (79.1) 18 (78.3) 11 (50)
Varroosis 11 (50.0) 11 (45.8) 8 (34.8) 9 (40.9)
American foulbrood 5 (22.7) 9 (37.5) 9 (39.1) 7 (31.8)
European foulbrood 5 (22.7) 7 (29.2) 5 (21.7) 4 (18.2)
Nosema ceranae / Nosema apis
Varroa destructor
American foulbrood European foulbrood
(Chauzat et al. in press)
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• A lot of colony winter mortalities are due to Varroa deleterious effect, due to inappropriate treatments
as in most of European countries (Chauzat et al. in press, Genersch and Boecking 2009)
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Beekeeper’s requests
• Treatments against:- Varroa - Nosema - Foolbroods
Acaricides and antibiotics : necessity of testing the efficacy and assessing residues in apicultural matrices: beeswax and honey (MLR)
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Given:- the resistance of Varroa to fluvalinate- the Apivar© efficacy in doubt- the large use of home made treatments
There is an urgent need for new treatments against Varroa