honors biology chapter 7section 3 cell boundaries
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Honors Biology Chapter 7Section 3 Cell Boundaries. SC B- 2.5: Explain how active, passive, and facilitated transport serve to maintain the homeostasis of the cell. Cell Membrane. surround all cells is a thin, flexible barrier that acts like the cell’s “gate keeper” made of lipid- bilayer - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SC B- 2.5: Explain how active, passive, and facilitated transport serve to maintain the homeostasis of the cell.
Honors BiologyChapter 7Section 3Cell Boundaries
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Cell Membrane
surround all cells is a thin, flexible barrier that
acts like the cell’s “gate keeper” made of lipid-bilayer
provides protection & support
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Cell Membrane: Lipid-Bilayer
Fluid Mosaic Model phospholipids
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Plasma MembraneFluid Mosaic Model
resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid lipids that has large proteins bobbing along throughout the lipids
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Membrane Lipids
1. Phospholipids (~70% of membrane)
2. Cholesterol: changes fluidity of membrane
3. Glycolipids sugar molecule on lipid
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Membrane Proteins
Integral Proteins go all the way thru the membrane channel proteins receptor proteins
Peripheral Proteins on inside or outside of membrane +/- attached to integral proteins
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Cell Membrane
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Cell Walls
found in: plant cells fungi cells algae bacteria
secreted by cell membraneallow O2, CO2, glucose, & H2O to
pass through
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Cell Wall
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Diffusion Thru Cell Boundaries
all cells bathed in liquidsolutes dissolve in solvent
(water)concentration:
mass of the solute /vol of solution
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Passive Transport
does not require cell to spend energy to move substances
substances moving from area where it is in higher concentration area where it is in lower concentration
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Types of Passive Transport
1. simple diffusion2. osmosis3. facilitated diffusion
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Diffusion
all particles have KEdue to the KE of particles they
will move about until they are evenly distributed in the space they occupy
what we see is particles moving from where they are in high concentration where they are in lower concentration
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Diffusion
a form of passive transport cell not spending nrg to make it
happenmovement of particles continues
even after equilibrium reached
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Equilibrium
when concentration of solutes equal thru out a system
since solute particles still moving it is also referred to as dynamic equilibrium
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Diffusion
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html
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Osmosis
is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane it‘s water moving from where
water is in high concentration water is in lower concentration
semi-permeable = selectively permeable
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Osmosis
Predict what will happen in the container on other side
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Osmosis
water will move down its concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
when concentrations of solutes same on both sides of membranes : equilibrium reached
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Isotonic Solutions
cells are in isotonic solutions when the concentration of solutes inside cell = concentration of solutes outside cell
for human cells isotonic soultions = 0.9% NaCl
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Hypertonic Solutions
“above strength”cells in ECF (extracellular fluid)
with a higher concentration of solutes than inside cell
water in higher concentration inside cell so water leaves cell by osmosis…..cell shrinks….called crenation
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Crenation in Cells with Cell Walls
called plasmolysis
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Hypotonic Solutions
“below strength”water now in higher
concentration in ECF so water will move from outside cell inside cell…. cell swells and eventually pops….. called hemolysis if it is a RBC, other cells it is called: cytolysis
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Facilitated Diffusion
some substances move in/out of cells by diffusion but require a transport protein to cross the cell membrane
substance still moving from side with higher concentration side with lower concentration
example: sugars move into cells by facilitated diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/passive3.swf
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Active Transport
moving substances in/out of cell that requires cells to spend energy (usually in form of ATP)
substances are moving against their concentration gradients (from where they are in low concentration high concentration)
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Types of Active Transport
1. Pumps2. Endocytosis3. Exocytosis
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Pumps
protein in cell membrane that “pumps” ion or molecule in/out of cell against its concentration gradient
most pumps use ATP as source of energy
most important pump is Na+/K+/ATPase pump
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Na+/K+/ATPasePump
http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_resources/animations/ion_pump/ionpump.html
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Endocytosis
process of cell taking up material into cell by means of infolding pockets of cell membrane
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Phagocytosis
cell “eating”done by unicellular organisms
and phagocytes in multicellular organisms macrophages
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Phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis
cell “drinking”cells take up liquid from
surroundings
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Exocytosis
when cells need to expel larger amounts of materials than can be expelled thru transport protein
storage vacuole moves to cell membrane; its membrane fuses with cell membrane expelling contents into ECF
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Exocytosis
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Endocytosis & Exocytosis
endocytosis is removing some membrane from cell membrane
exocytosis is adding some membrane to cell membrane
usually evens out