Element "W" has a half life of 16 years. Element "W" decays into element "U". 2. Which element is the parent element? W

3. What percentage of "W" is left after 16 years? 50%

4. What percentage of "U" is there after 32 years? 75%

5. How many half lives does it take to get "W" down to 12.5%? 3

6. If the sample of radioactive substance is crushed, the half-life of the substance will a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same

7. Which statement correctly describes the geologic cross section below ?

a. The sandstone is younger than the basalt. b. The shale is younger than the basalt.c. The limestone is younger than the shale. d. The limestone is younger than the basalt.

8. Which graph best represents the radioactive decay of uranium-238 into lead-206 ?

a.1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. The diagram below represents the radioactive decay of uranium-238.

Shaded areas on the diagram represent the amount ofa. undecayed radioactive uranium-238 b. undecayed radioactive rubidium-87c. stable carbon-14 d. stable lead-20610. Drainage basins are separated from one another by high ground called _ divide__

11. The area drained by a main river and its tributaries is called __ drainage basin or watershed______

12. A stream which contributes to a main river is called ___ tributary___

13. Origin area of a river is called the __ headwater____

14. When the river’s water overflows its banks it is ___flooded___

15. The area where a river enters a sea, lake or ocean is called __mouth____

16. The steeper a river's slope the _faster__ its speed will be.

17. The faster a river's water is going the _bigger__the pieces of sediment it can carry.

18. A broad looping bend in a river is called a ___meander____

19. The shallowest part of a river is where the water is going the __slowest___

20. Deposition occurs where the river's water is going the ___slowest_____

21. The fastest part of a river when it is curved is the ___outside_____

22. The fastest part of a river when it is going straight is the ____middle____

23. The oldest rock unit at location (as shown on the diagram below) D

28. Fossils are normally only found in ___sedimentary__ rocks ?

29. The process of breaking down rocks at or near the earth's surface is called __meathering_____

30. What happens to the amount of surface area as it is weathered ? ____increases______

31. The 3 factors that control the rate of weathering are _____climate, composition, texture___________

32. Is the rate of decomposition is aided by disintegration. ______yes_______

33. A rounded rock means that it has been weathered by ______water_________

34. A mineral with a hardness of more than 7 will not have a streak. ______true______________

35. What is the surface area of a cube that is 3 cm long, 3 cm wide and 3 cm tall ? _____54 cm2_______

36. Carbonic acid and limestone can form ____caves_____

37. How many types of weathering are there ? ___2______

41. What is the name of the process by which water carries materials from the upper soil horizons down to lower soil horizons ? ____leaching_______

42. Organic matter from more or less decayed plants and animals is called ___humus_____

43. A poorly developed soil is called ____immature________

44. The A horizon of a soil profile is called the Zone of ___Leaching______

45. The B horizon of a soil profile is called Zone of __Accumulation______

46. Humus is the primary source of __nitrogen___ in soil.

55. Rocks that allow water to pass through them must be __permeable_______

56. When there is little rain the water table can ____go lower______

57. A(n) __spring___is formed when the water table is exposed at the surface in permeable rock.

58. How many stars are in a galaxy ? ___billions_______

59. The stars that are further from the center of a galaxy have a __faster__orbital speed than those closer in.

60. Approximately 90% of the visible universe’s mass is composed of _____hydrogen__________

61. Into which group do most stars fall ? ______main sequence________

62. ____Polaris_______is the North Star.

63. Are red stars are hotter than blue stars. ____false________

64. A light-year is a unit of _____distance________

68—71. List the following in the correct sequence of a star’s life cycle. ____D C B A_______a. white dwarf b. red giant c. main sequence d. nebula

65. The fact that the spectra of stars are shifted towards the red suggests that the stars are__moving away______

66. After our star, the next closest star to earth is approximately 12 billion light-years away. ____false_________

67. Stars seem to change position during the night due to the____earth’s rotation_______

72. A nebula becomes a star when fusion takes place in the core

Answer the next 2 questions using the following charts:

78. How much brighter is the sun than Sirius ? ____10,000,000,000_________

Using the H-R Diagram below, answer the following 4 questions:79. Supergiants have low temperature and high absolute magnitudes

80. In general, blue star are the biggest stars. ___true_______

The diagram below is a contour map. Between which two points is the slope of the hill the gentlest ? __C to D_____

81. What is the elevation of the highest contour line shown on the map below ? ____10,700______

82. What does the spacing of contour lines on an area of a map tell you about the topography of that area ?____steepness_____

83. The contour lines on the map below show elevations above sea level, measured in feet. What is the highest possible elevation represented on this map ? _____41-49_______

84. How much change in elevation is there between the school at point A and the house at point B ? __70__

85. There is a severe storm brewing in the south and tides are expected to rise 30 feet. How many buildings will have water in them due to high tide ? ______11_______

Base your answers to the next 2 questions on the map below.

86. Which diagram best represents the profile along a straight line between points C and J ? 2

87. In the map above, what general direction does Tenaya Stream Flow ?_____ southwest____________

88. As one moves away from the mid-atlantic ridge the rocks get______older______________

89. According to Wegener, this was the first continent. ______Pangaea_______________

90. If the theory of sea-floor spreading was correct, we would expect to find_____volcanoes____ running down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean floor

91. The continents of South America and Africa seem to fit together like pieces of a puzzle and first gave rise to the idea of drifting continents.

92. The scientist who first put forth the theory of continental drift was______Wegener__________

93. The average rate of sea-floor spreading is about ______rate of fingernail growth__________

94. Rigid blocks of crust and the upper part of the upper mantle are called_____lithosphere__________________

95. Crustal material is created at a divergent boundary.

96. Movement along large breaks in plates is called a_______fault________ .

97. The epicenter of an earthquake is located on the earth's surface.

Use the table below to answer the following 3 questions.98. How far can S-waves travel in 6 minutes ? ________1,600_________

99. If the P-wave from an earthquake arrives 4 minutes and 30 seconds before the S-wave, how far away is the earthquake ?

________3,000___________

100. If the P-wave arrives 8 minutes after an earthquake occurs, how far away is the epicenter? ___4,750_____________