honors physical science - wando high...

Honors Physical Science Physics: Bell Work, Notes, Study Guides

Name: _____________________________________

Block: ______________________________________

Clicker Number: ______________________________

Mr. Banker

Fall 2014

[email protected]

http://wandohigh.ccsdschools.com/directory/science/banker_ian/physical_science/

Remind101.com Honors Reminders: text @MrBanker to (442)333-7101

mailto:[email protected]

http://wandohigh.ccsdschools.com/directory/science/banker_ian/physical_science/

Due Date: ______________

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Table of Contents Bell Work……………………………………..……………………………..…………………………………. First 4 pages

Equation Sheet ………………………..…………………………………..……………………… Following Bell Work

Unit 6.1: Motion, Speed, and Velocity ..................................................................................... 3

Unit 6.2: Position vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes .......................................................... 5

Unit 6.3: Momentum ............................................................................................................... 7

Unit 6.4: Acceleration and Gravity ........................................................................................... 9

Unit 6.5: Velocity vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes ........................................................ 11

Unit 7.1: Forces, Newton’s Laws ............................................................................................ 14

Unit 7.2: Weight, Mass, Friction, and Free Body Diagrams ................................................... 16

Unit 8.1: Work and Power ..................................................................................................... 18

Unit 8.2: Energy ..................................................................................................................... 20

Unit 8.3: Nuclear Energy (Fission, Fusion, Uses, and Problems) ........................................... 24

Unit 9.1: Electric Charges ....................................................................................................... 26

Unit 9.2: Current and Ohm’s Law .......................................................................................... 28

Unit 9.3: Series and Parallel Circuits ...................................................................................... 30

Unit 9.4: Magnets and Electricity........................................................................................... 34

Unit 10.1: Waves .................................................................................................................... 35

Unit 10.2: Electromagnetic Spectrum .................................................................................... 38

Unit 10.3: Wave Interactions ................................................................................................. 40

Study Guides: Unit 6 thru Unit 10 .………………………………………….……………At end of each unit

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 6.1: Motion, Speed, and Velocity

Further Reference: 11.1 Observing Motion MOTION

1. Motion is a ______________________relative _______________

a. Frame of Reference is a system used ______________________________

2. Distance is _____________________________________

3. Displacement is _______________________________________

a. Displacement must always include _____________

4. If you run around a 400m track, what is your traveling distance?

5. If you run around a 400m track, what is your traveling displacement?

6. Scalar is a ___________________________________________________

7. Vector is ____________________________________________________

a. Distance is a ____________________

b. Displacement is a _____________________

SPEED AND VELOCITY 1. Speed is _____________________________________________

a. _________________________ includes a direction

2. Velocity is ___________________________________________

a. Includes ______________________________________

VELOCITY EQUATION

1. What are the SI units for: a. Velocity (and speed) _________________ (__)

b. Displacement (and distance) _______________(__)

c. Time __________________ (__)

Notes for/from class

VELOCTY: In words In symbols

Due Date: ______________

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2. Scalar (__________________________________________)

a. _____________ b. _____________

3. Vector (__________________________________________)

a. _____________ b. _____________

4. Average Speed is ______________________________________

a. What is a real world example?

WE WILL ALMOST ALWAYS CALCULATE AVERAGE SPEED.

5. Instantaneous Speed is __________________________________

a. What is a real world example?

VELOCITY AND VECTORS

b. A vector is a __________________ with a __________________

c. By convention, Positive velocity is _______ and _________

d. By convention, Negative velocity is ________ and _______

e. Vector Addition: Because velocities include magnitude and direction combining 2 different velocities depends on their ___________ and ____________

i. Can occur in __________________________ ii. Can occur _____________________________ to each other

Practice Problems Write the equation, Show your work, Include units!

1) What is the velocity of a commercial jet which travels from New York City to Los Angeles (4800km) in 6 hours?

2) What is the velocity of a bike that travels 355 meters in 103.7 seconds?

3) A train travels 100km/hr for 2 hours. What distance has it traveled?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 6.2: Position vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes

1) __________________________ can be studied using a __________________ vs_______________ graph

a. ________________________ is on the vertical axis (it can also be labeled __________________________)

b. ________________________ is on the horizontal axis

2) The _________________________ of the line indicates the ______________________ of the object.

3) _____________________ can be calculated by finding _____________________________ over ___________________________

So let’s work one out.

4) Choose 2 points: one to start and one to end with

Y2 = X2 =

Y1 = X1 =

5) Calculate the change between the points.

Difference in Position (Y) =

Difference in Time (X) =

6) Calculate for Slope = Position / Time

7) And remember, SLOPE = _____________________

DIFFE RENT SLOPES MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS

POSITIVE SLOPE:

8) A POSITIVE slope indicates a ___________________________

a. Positive velocity means it is ______________________

9) The greater the slope, _________________________________

a. The less the slope, ________________________________

10) On the graph to the right, which has a greater

velocity?

Due Date: ______________

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HORIZONTAL (ZERO) SLOPE:

11) ZERO slope indicates a ____________________________________

a. ZERO slope means that the line is

_________________________________________________

12) On the graph to the right, which has a greater velocity?

NEGATIVE SLOPE:

13) A NEGATIVE slope indicates a __________________________

a. Negative velocity means the object is

________________________________________________

14) On the graph to the right, which has a greater negative

velocity?

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:

15) So what is happening at each of these positions on the

graph to the right?

What is happening? Numbers/Units

a. ___________________ ______________________

b. ___________________ ______________________

c. ___________________ ______________________

d. ___________________ ______________________

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 6.3: Momentum

MOMENTUM 1. Momentum is _______________________________________

a. If an object is _________________, it ____________________

b. An object with _______ of momentum will be _________ to stop

c. An object with _______ of momentum will be _________ to stop

2. Momentum equation: Words symbols

3. The SI unit for momentum is _____________

4. Because momentum is based on _____________, the momentum of an object _________________

CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

1. Law of Conservation of Momentum is :

a. The total momentum of a system cannot _____________ or _____________

b. The law of conservation of momentum applies anytime ______________________________

In words In symbols

Practice Problems: Include a formula. Show your work. Include units.

1. Calculate the momentum of a 3kg ball that is moving east at 12m/s.


Due Date: ______________

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2. We will always assume perfect physics classroom scenarios for this to work. The 3 assumptions are:

a. 1) _____________________________________________________

b. 2) _____________________________________________________

c. 3) _____________________________________________________


Conservation of Momentum Equation:

M1 = _________________________ M2 = ______________________________

V1 = _________________________ V2 = ______________________________


1. A 3kg ball is traveling at 8m/s. If it hits an empty bottle, with a mass of 12kg,

what will be the velocity that the bottle travels assuming the ball stops on

impact and all momentum is transferred?

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 6.4: Acceleration and Gravity

Further Reference: 11.2 Acceleration and 12.2 Gravity ACCELERATION AND MOTION

1. Acceleration is the ____________________________________

c. The 3 ways to cause an acceleration is to _____________________, to _________________, or to _____________________

d. For acceleration to be zero, ______________ cannot be changing

Q1 – If I were to drive around a circular race track at a constant 60km/hr, am I accelerating or not? Explain why. CALCULATING ACCELERATION

1. What is the acceleration equation in sentence form? ACCELERATION EQUATION

2. What are the SI units for:

a. Acceleration______________________ (__)

b. Time _______________________ (__)

c. Vf (final velocity) ___________________ (__)

d. Vi (initial velocity) __________________ (__)

3. If the acceleration is small, the velocity is increasing ___________

4. If the acceleration is large, the velocity is increasing ___________

5. Positive acceleration means an object is ____________________

6. Negative acceleration means an object is _________________

a. Negative acceleration is also called ________________

In words In symbols


Due Date: ______________

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GRAVITY AND ACCELERATION

1. Gravity is __________________________________________________

a. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity?

b. What is a vacuum?

c. How does air resistance affect an object in motion being pulled by gravity?

UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION 1. All objects in the universe exert a ___________________ on every other

object in the universe.

2. The gravitational force of gravity between two objects depends on:

1)___________________: As the _________________ increases, the gravitational force _________________ 2)___________________: As the _________________ increases, the gravitational force ________________

Practice Problems

(write the equation, show your work, include your units)

1) You are driving from school home and your velocity goes from 10m/s to 40m/s in 5 seconds. What is your acceleration?

2) If a football is thrown from rest with an acceleration of 8.5m/s2 and had a final velocity of 25m/s. How long was the football accelerating?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 6.5: Velocity vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes

1. Acceleration is_________________________________________________________________

2. The vertical axis (____) will be ___________________________

3. The horizontal axis (___) will be _________________________________

4. Slope of a Velocity vs Time is equal to _____________________________________________

5. Does the graph to the right represent velocity or acceleration?

a. How can you tell?

6. Does the graph to the right represent velocity or acceleration?

a. How can you tell?

7. A velocity vs time graph shows _____________________________________________

8. Any slope shows us _______________________________________

DIFFE RENT SLOPES MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS

POSITIVE SLOPE:

9. A POSITIVE slope indicates a ______________________________

a. Positive acceleration means it is

______________________________________________________

10. On the graph to the right, which has a greater

acceleration?

Due Date: ______________

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NO SLOPE:

11. A slope of ZERO indicates a _____________________________________________________

a. This just means that there is a __________________________________________

b. Slope of zero = ______________________________________________________


acceleration?

13. On the graph to the right, which of the two lines have the

greater velocity?

NEGATIVE SLOPE:

14. A NEGATIVE slope indicates a _____________________________________________________

a. NEGATIVE acceleration means it is ______________________________________________________

b. Deceleration = __________________________________________________________


deceleration?

RECAP

16. What does a positive slope indicate? ____________________________________________________

17. What does a negative slope indicate? ____________________________________________________

18. What does a perfectly horizontal line indicate? _____________________________________________

Due Date: ______________

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CALCULATING SLOPE:

19. What is the formula for acceleration?

20. What is the velocity of the object at 1 second?

21. What is the velocity of the object at 4 seconds?

22. What is the acceleration of the object between 1 second and 4 seconds?

23. What do you notice about the slope and your acceleration?

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:

24. This is a Velocity vs. Time graph, what does the slope represent?

25. What is happening at each of the following line segments? a. _______________________________

b. _______________________________

c. _______________________________

d. _______________________________

26. Calculate the acceleration for each of the following line segments: Line A) Line B)

Line C) Line D)

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 7.1: Forces, Newton’s Laws

Further Reference: 12.1 Newton’s Laws and 12.3 Newton’s Third Law FORCE

1. Force is_______________________________________________

a. You must have a force to ________________________

b. Things will continue in motion unless a _____________ acts on that object.

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW

1. Newton’s First Law:

a. What are 3 outside forces that could act on an object?

2. Inertia is property of an object to ___________________________

a. The inertia of an object _________________ because it depends on the ____________ of the object

i. Object who’s mass is large has ____________ inertia and is

___________ to stop

ii. Object who’s mass is small has ____________ inertia and is ___________ to stop

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW

1. Newton’s second law:

2. Newton’s second law formula: Words symbols

3. Force is measured in _______________ (___) a. 1 _______ = 1_____* 1_______

In words In symbols


Due Date: ______________

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4. The more __________ you have, the bigger the ______________ required to move you

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW: ACTION - REACTION FORCES 1. Newton’s 3rd Law:

a. Forces always act in ___________

i. These forces are ____________ and ____________

b. Newton’s 3rd law includes forces acting on ______________ instead

of just _____________

c. The action reaction forces do not ______________ because they are acting on ____________________


1. What is the acceleration of a boy on a skateboard if the met force acting on the boy is 15N, assuming the total mass of the boy and the skateboard together is 58kg.

2. What is the mass of an object if a force of 34N produces an acceleration of

4.0m/s2?


Recap! Which of Newton’s Law’s is this?

1. Balloon is blown up with air, and then let go. The balloon flies forward as long as air is exiting the balloon?

2. A bowling ball, once thrown down a greased up bowling lane, will continue traveling unchanged until it hits the pins or the backstop.

3. Cannon fires a cannonball. The cannon moves backward as it is fired, while the cannonball shoots forward.

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 7.2: Weight, Mass, Friction, and Free Body Diagrams

Further Reference: 12.2 Gravity and 11.3 Motion and Forces

WEIGHT AND MASS 1. Weight is:

a. g = ______m/s2

2. Weight is a ________, and thus the SI units for weight is _______________

3. Your ______________ will be different on Earth and Mars because weight changes

with __________________

4. Weight Equation:

5. Mass is a measure of ________________________

a. The units for mass are _____________________

b. Your ____________________ will be the exact same on Earth or Mars, because you have the _______________________________ everywhere.

THE FORCE OF FRICTION

1. Friction is:

2. Friction occurs because the surface of any object is ______________

3. Unwanted friction can be _________________ a. List 2 real world examples:

4. Helpful friction can be ___________________ a. List 2 real world examples:

In words In symbols

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. If you have a mass of 22kg on Earth (9.8m/s2), what is your weight?

2. If you have a mass of 22kg on Mars (with 1/3 the gravity of Earth), what is your weight on Mars?


Due Date: ______________

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BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCES 1. There will always be ____________________ force acting on an object at one time.

a. Net force is the ________________________

2. There are two options for net forces.

a. Balanced forces occur when all forces on an object are _____________ and no _____________ occurs

i. Describe a scenario where balanced forces are occurring.

b. Unbalanced forces the __________ does not ___________________

c. Motion will occur in the _________________________________________ i. Describe a scenario where unbalanced forces are occurring.

FREE BODY DIAGRAMS

1. What forces are acting on the box all the time?

2. What other forces COULD act on the box?

3. How do we represent these forces, and what is special about the way we represent them?

4. On the box/table below, draw me a gravitational force of 8N, a normal force from the table of 8N, a push of 19N to the right, and a friction force of 4N in the opposite direction.

5. On the box/table below, draw me a gravitational force of 5N, a normal force from the table of 5N, a push of 11N to the left, and a friction force of 3N in the opposite direction.


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 8.1: Work and Power

Further Reference: 13.1 Work, Power, and Machines

WHAT IS WORK? 1. Work is:

a. Motion of the object must be __________________________ as the force for work to be done

b. If there is no motion, work equals _____________

2. Work Equation:

BODYBUILDER EXAMPLE:

1. Is the body builder doing work when he is lifting the barbell?

2. Is the body builder doing work as he holds the barbell above his head for 3 seconds?

DORA EXAMPLE:

1. Is Dora doing work on the bag when she lifts her backpack?

2. Is Dora doing work on the bag when she runs out the door with the backpack on?

HINTS:

1. What are some words that generally mean work is being done?

2. What are some words that generally mean no work is being done?

3. Any exceptions to those hints? WORK = FORCE * DISTANCE

1. The SI unit for work is __________________ ( ___)

a. 1 _______________ = 1 _______________ = 1 _________________

In words In symbols


Due Date: ______________

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2. You do 1 joule of work when you _______________________________________

POWER

1. Power is:

2. Power Equation:

3. What are the SI Units for Power? _________________ (___)

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 3. A father plays with his daughter by lifting her in the air. How much

work does he do on the child if he lifts her 2 meters and exerts an average of 190N?

4. A bicycle’s brakes apply 125N of frictional force to the wheels as the bike moves 14 meters. How much work do the breaks do on the wheel?


In words In symbols

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. While rowing across the lake during a race, John does 3,960 joules of work

on the oars in 60s. What is the rower’s power output?

2. Lifting an elevator 18 meters takes 100 kilojoules. If doing so takes 20 seconds, what is the average power of the elevator during the process? (hint: convert to joules)

3. If a person pushes a lawn mower with a force of 500N over a distance of 20m in 120s, what was the power required to push the lawnmower?

Due Date: ______________

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Unit 8.2: Energy

Further Reference: 13.3 What is Energy and 13.4 Conservation of Energy

ENERGY AND WORK 1. Energy is “the ability ___________________,” or ability to __________________

a. Energy is measured in ____________________ (___)

2. Each of the 7 types of energy have forms of kinetic and potential energy a. Potential = _____________________ b. Kinetic = _____________________

THE 7 TYPES OF ENERGY

Energy Type Description Example

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Which of these 7 types of energy have Potential forms of Energy? So knowing that, are potential and mechanical energy acceptable answers when you are asked to list one of the 7 types of energy?

Due Date: ______________

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POTENTIAL ENERGY 1. Define Potential Energy (PE):

2. 2 Types:

a. Elastic Potential Energy:

i. Give 2 examples:

b. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE):

i. Give 2 examples:

3. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) Equation:

4. Being that GPE is a form of energy, the SI units for GPE are _______________

Q1 – What does GPE depend on? Q2 – What does NOT affect GPE? KINETIC ENERGY

1. Kinetic Energy (KE):

2. Kinetic energy depends upon _______________ and ________________ :

3. Kinetic Energy (KE) Equation:

In words In symbols

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 5. A 65kg rock climber ascends a cliff. What is the climber’s gravitational

potential energy at a point 35m above the base of the cliff?

6. A 1.5kg baseball is traveling 8m above the ground at 14m/s. What is the gravitational potential energy of the baseball?


In words In symbols

Due Date: ______________

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What are the SI Units for Kinetic Energy (KE)? ______________ a. 1 joule = __________________

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

3. Law of Conservation of Energy: energy can _____________________________ or _________________. Energy can only ____________________________________

a. ________________________ is the total amount of energy in a system

b. The total or net energy of the system must ________________ when

energy changes forms.

SOCCER BALL EXAMPLE: Law of Conservation of Energy Soccer ball = 4kg.

1. Before the Drop @ 5 meter height: a. GPE = _____________ because _______________ b. KE = ______________ because _______________

2. Mid Drop @ 3 meter height a. GPE = _____________ because _______________ b. KE = ______________ because _______________

3. At Impact with Ground @ 0 meter height

a. GPE = _____________ because _______________ b. KE = ______________ because _______________

4. For an object that is simply going to fall, GPE at the ____________ will be equal to

KE ______________

a. Because _________________________________________________

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 4. What is the kinetic energy of a 44kg cheetah running at 31 m/s?

5. A 1.5kg baseball is traveling 8m above the ground at 14m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the baseball?


Due Date: ______________

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ROLLER COASTER: Law of Conservation of Energy 5. The initial energy of the car is stored as __________________ at the top of the hill.

a. The _________________ changes into _________________ as the car

travels downhill.

b. At the bottom of the lowest hill, the car has the most ________________ and the least ____________________

c. As it travels back up the hill, ________________ turns into _____________

6. But this is NOT a PERFECT TRANSFORMATION

a. Each time a roller coaster car moves, energy is converted into _____________ and ________________, in addition to the GPE and KE.

Practice Problems: Energy Transformations In every energy transformation, there is a form of energy that the item starts with and a different form (or more than 1 form) of energy that the item ends with. Tell me the starting energy, and the ending energy that shows up after the transformation A Lightbulb Starts with: ___electrical___ Desired Energy: _____light ______ “Waste” Energy: ___heat ___ A Fan Starts with: _____________ Desired Energy: _______________ “Waste” Energy: _________ A Battery Starts with: _____________ Desired Energy: _______________ “Waste” Energy: _________ A Fire Starts with: _____________ Desired Energy: _______________ “Waste” Energy: _________ A Glowstick Starts with: _____________ Desired Energy: _______________ “Waste” Energy: _________


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 8.3: Nuclear Energy (Fission, Fusion, Uses, and Problems) Further Reference: 10.2 - Nuclear Fission and Fusion and 10.3 Radiation Today

NUCLEAR STABILITY

1. The stability of a nucleus depends on the ________________ forces that hold the ___________ together. These forces act between ___________ and ____________

a. Nuclei are held together by a _________________________ force.

b. This force causes _________ and _________ in the nucleus to __________

one another.

2. Nuclei with too many ______________ or _____________ are _______________

a. If an atom is _________________, it will try to become stable by ___________________________________________________

FISSION 1. Fission is the process where:

a. The nucleus must be ________________ for this to happen. Ex: _________

2. Draw the equation starting with: a.

23592U + _________ __________ + __________ + __________ + ENERGY

3. Fission is done in ____________________________ and ___________________

4. __________________ are used as bullets to break apart __________________

a. The 3 products of a fission reaction are:

i. . ii. .

iii. .

5. Chain Reaction: The Neutrons released by _________________ can start a ____________________ in a different U-235 nucleus.

a. This process may be ________________ (ex: nuclear power plants / subs) b. This process may be _________________ (ex: nuclear weapons)

6. They (Hahn and Strassman) found that the overall mass ______________ after the reaction.

The missing mass must have been changed into ______________. a. This process is explained by the special theory of relativity (E = mc

2)

NUCLEAR FUSION

1. Fusion is the process where:

2. Fusion starts with _________________________________________

3. Fusion ends with __________________, ________________, and ______________

4. Fusion occurs in ____________________

5. A large amount of _____________ is needed to start a ____________, because all nuclei are ___________ charged and ____________ each other.


Due Date: ______________

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WHAT/WHERE IS RADIATION? 1. Radiation is:

a. Background radiation is:

b. We are continually exposed to radiation from __________, such as

_________, ___________, _____________, and ____________.

c. More than _______ of the background radiation comes from ___________. NUCLEAR ENERGY DAY 2 INFORMATION: USES, PROS, AND CONS:

1. Nuclear Medicine is:

a. List 2 pros for nuclear medicine: -

-

b. List 2 cons for nuclear medicine:

-

-

2. Nuclear Weapons are an ______________________ fission reaction

3. Nuclear reactors are a _______________________ fission reaction a. In nuclear power plants, _______________ are used to _______________

fission by __________ the chain reaction.

4. Explain, in 3 general steps, how a nuclear power plant converts nuclear energy into electrical energy:

1 – 2 – 3 – 4 –

5. _______________ of the energy produced in the United States is Nuclear Energy. a. In South Carolina, nuclear accounts for ________________ of our energy.

6. List 4 Benefits of Nuclear Power Plant Energy:

7. List 4 Negatives to Nuclear Power Plant Energy:


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 9.1: Electric Charges

Further Reference: 17.1 Electricity A LITTLE CHEMISTRY

1. All matter is made up of ___________________

2. Atoms are made of: a. _________________ (___)

b. _________________ (___)

c. _________________ (___)

3. Atoms can have a________________ charge, a ____________charge, or

____________ charge.

ELECTRIC CHARGE

4. Electrical charge is caused by ________________of ___________ and ___________

a. Positive charged objects have more ____________ than ___________

b. Negative charged objects have more ____________ than ___________

c. Neutral charged objects have __________________________________

5. Like charges __________ and opposite charges __________

6. Like energy, electric charges can never be ____________ or ____________. It only _______________ from one object to the next when ____________ move from one object to another.


Draw the charge arrows for each scenario

Opposites? Likes?

Due Date: ______________

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TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC CHARGE 4. ________________: Transferring a ______________ by bringing a ______________

near a _________________ without touching it..

a. The total charge on the door knob will still be _____________, but the oppsite sides will have _______________ charge.

5. ________________: Electrons are transferred from one object to the next by

_______________________

a. When a ______________ charged rubber rod touches a ______________ , some electrons move from _________________ to ________________ to give the doorknob a __________________.

6. ________________: two objects ________________________, leaving __________

built up one side, leaving both objects _____________________

a. Give 2 examples: CONDUCTOR AND INSULATOR

1. Electrical conductors are:

a. List 2 examples:

2. Electrical Insulators are:

a. List 2 examples:

3. Charges in the electrical cord of an appliance can move through the __________, but cannot excape through the surrounding _____________.


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 9.2: Current and Ohm’s Law

Further Reference: 17.2 Current

1. Electricity is:

2. Electric Current is:

3. Ohm’s Law Equation:

4. The SI unit of voltage is the _____________ (__) 5. The SI unit of current is the _____________ (__) 6. The SI unit of resistance is the _____________ (__)

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

1. Voltage is the difference in ____________________________ between two places where _____________ are flowing.

a. A ______________________ wants to move away from

_____________________

b. Electrons flow from ______________________ to ____________________

c. ________________ provides the energy that ___________ or ___________ electrons through a circuit.

2. Batteries can have different ______________, and therefore different __________

currents.

a. The two different ends of a battery are called _____________

b. The voltage ranges from ___________ on a small battery to ___________ on a car battery.

3. Voltage is the _______________________ that sets charges__________________ (it is “the push”).

4. Electric current is the _____________________________________________

a. The SI unit for current is the ______________ (__)

b. In metals, moving ____________ make up the current.

c. Electrons travel from __________________ to ___________________

d. Direction of current is __________________ to ___________________ , which is _____________ as the direction as the electron flow.


In words In symbols

Due Date: ______________

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5. There are two types of current. a. AC:

i. AC examples:

b. DC:

i. DC examples:

ELECTRIC RESISTANCE

1. Objects use difference amounts of power because they have ______________ in them.

b. The difference in current between these objects is due to the __________.

2. Resistance is:

a. Resistance is caused by ______________.

3. Conductors have ____________________ resistance. a. The better the conductor, the _____________ electrons will move through

the material

b. Give 2 examples:

4. Insulators have____________________ resistance.

a. The better the insulator, the more the substance will ______________ the movement of electrons

b. Give 2 examples:

5. The resistance of the filament of a light bulb determines ________________ the light bulb will be.

a. The filament of a 40-watt light bulb has a much ______________ resistance

than that of a 100-watt light bulb. This is because ___________ resistance means ____________ current, which means a _____________ light bulb.

6. What are 2 things that we can do to increase resistance?

7. Explain how we accomplish these two methods within the filament of a lightbulb or a toaster?

Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. The headlights of a typical car are powered by a 12V battery. What is the

resistance of the headlights if they draw 3.0 A of current when turned on?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 9.3: Series and Parallel Circuits Further Reference: 17.3 Circuits

WHAT ARE CIRCUITS? 1. Electric circuit is:

a. Because of the ___________ of the outlet, ___________ move through the

wires and bulbs from one side of the outlet to the other.

b. _______________ need to travel around the ______________ in order for anything to work.

2. When there is a _______________ path for current connected to a voltage source,

it is considered a _____________ circuit

3. When there is no _______________ path for current connected to a voltage source, it is considered an _____________ circuit

a. A switch allows you to _________ and _________ a circuit

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS 1. If many devices are connected across an electrical outlet, the overall resistance of

the circuits is ________________.

a. As a result, the electrical wires carry __________ than a safe level of current, which is called an ____________.

b. The high currents in overloaded circuits can cause _____________.

2. Fuses ____________ to prevent circuit overload.

a. A fuse is a ribbon of wire that has a _____________. b. If the current in the line becomes ______________, the fuse ____________

and the circuit is _______________. c. Each fuse can ___________________________ and then must be replaced. d. Each fuse has a certain current level that will cause it to melt.

3. Circuit breakers _______________________ with a high current.

a. Circuit breakers use a _____________ strip that responds to __________

overload by ___________ the circuit. b. The circuit breaker acts as a _______________. c. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be _________________ (reset).

i. Must be reset after the circuit breaker has been _______________


Due Date: ______________

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4. Schematic diagrams are used to represent circuits:

Schematic Diagram Symbols: Draw the following Resistor Battery (with + and - terminal) Light Bulb Open Switch


Practice Schematic Drawings: Draw the following: 1. A circuit with one resistor, one battery, and one switch.

2. A circuit with two resistors, three batteries, and one switch.

Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

Pathways for current

Current (I)

Voltage (V)

Resistance (Ω)

Due Date: ______________

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SERIES CIRCUITS

1. There is _____________________ path for current/electrons to travel

a. If the circuit opens in any way, ___________________________________, because current ________________

b. Current ____________________ as it flows through every part of a circuit. c. The resistance, and therefore voltage, will ____________________ at

different points on a series circuit. d. Electric current always flows _______________ to ________________. e. Add up _________________ to get __________________ in a series circuit. f. Voltage _____________ after each resistor.

Practice Drawings: Practice Drawings Series: with 2 resistors (one is 4 ohm, one is 7ohm), a 12V battery, and a 10 ohm light bulb.

Parallel: with a 1.5 volt battery and 3 light bulbs (each on its own branch). Light bulbs have a resistance of 2, 4, and 6 ohms. Series: 6v battery, one switch, one 20ohm resistor. Parallel: 12volt battery, 3 light bulbs. 2 light bulbs (2 and 3 ohms) are on one branch, while the 3rd light bulb (8ohms) is on another branch)


Due Date: ______________

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PARALLEL CIRCUITS 1. Parallel circuits have ______________ paths for current.

a. Paths are known as _________________ b. If one of the bulbs or resistors in the circuits were removed, the other branches

still _____________ c. When devices are connected in parallel, the voltage across each branch is the

____________. d. When devices are connected in parallel, the current in each branch depends on the

_________________ i. If one light bulb in a parallel circuit has less resistance, _______ charge

moves through that bulb because the bulb offers ________ opposition to the movement of charges.

e. Instead, the __________ of the currents in all the devices equals the total current.

Class Notes: Voltage Drop 1. Draw a series circuit with a 3 different1.5 V batteries (all together), 2 equal resistors,

and a current of 0.5 A. Drawing:

What is the total voltage of the circuit?

What is the total resistance of the circuit?

What is the resistance of each resistor?

2. Use the picture to the right for the following: What is the total resistance of the circuit? What is the current for the circuit? What is the voltage drop across each resistor?

R1 R2 R3

Class Notes: Parallel Drawing 1. Draw a parallel circuit with two resistors, one 2 ohm and one 3 ohm (one

on each branch) and a 12 V battery. Drawing:

What is the voltage through each resistor?

What is the current flowing through each branch?

What is the total current?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 9.4: Magnets and Electricity 1. What is a magnet?

2. What are the 4 elements that can be magnetic?

a. What are 2 other examples of magnets?

3. All magnets have 2 poles: ___________ and _____________ a. Like poles _____________, opposite poles ______________ b. If a magnet is cut, each piece will have _______________________

4. What is a permanent magnet?

a. How long can permanent magnets last?

5. What is a magnetic field?

a. Leave _______________ pole and enter _____________ pole b. Magnetic field lines that are closer together mean a _____________

magnetic field c. Magnetic fields are strongest at the _________________

6. Electric currents produce _________________

a. Magnetics is produced by ______________ electric charges b. The magnetic field of a coil of wire resembles ___________________

7. What is/How do you create an electromagnet?

8. Strength of an electromagnet depends on : a. ___________ wire

i. ____________ wire = __________ resistance

b. Number of ____________ in the wire i. More __________ = stronger electromagnet

c. The amount of _______________

i. More ____________ = stronger electromagnet

d. The size of the ______________ i. Bigger ____________ = stronger electromagnet

9. The 2 reasons that electromagnets are useful are:

1. 2.

10. What is a motor?

11. What is a generator?

a. Does a generator produce AC or DC?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 10.1: Waves

Further Reference: 15.1 Types of Waves and 15.2 Characteristics of Waves WHAT IS A WAVE?

1. What is a wave?

2. What is a medium?

3. The two subsets of waves are mechanical and electromagnetic:

a. Waves that require a ________________________ are called _________________ waves.

i. What are 3 examples of a mechanical wave?

c. Waves that DO NOT require ___________________________ are called __________________waves .

i. What is the only type of electromagnetic waves?

4. Most waves are caused by _____________________ a. ______________ is transported, but the _______________ simply vibrate

in one small area.

5. Waves are classified according to the direction in which the ___________________ move as a wave passes by.

TRANSVERSE WAVES

1. Particle motion is ___________________ to the direction of the wave motion. a. 3 Examples of transverse waves:

2. Define the following:

a. Wavelength ___________________________________________________

b. Amplitude ____________________________________________________

c. Crest _________________________________________________________

d. Trough _______________________________________________________

e. Resting State __________________________________________________

f. Drawing with labels:


Due Date: ______________

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LONGITUDINAL WAVES 1. Particle motion is ___________________ to the direction of the wave motion.

a. 2 Examples of longitudinal waves:

2. Define the following:

a. Compression___________________________________________________

b. Rarefaction____________________________________________________

c. Drawing with labels:

WAVE SPEED EQUATION

WAVE PROPERTIES 1. Wavelength is:

a. Wavelength is represented by the greek letter ______________ (______)

b. Wavelength is a distance measurement, measured in _____________

c. Oscillation is:

2. Frequency is:

a. The symbol for frequency is ____________

b. The SI unit for frequency is __________________ (____)

PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Show a formula, show your work, show your units. The string of a piano that produces the note middle C vibrates with a frequency of 262Hz. If the sound waves produced by this string have a wavelength in air of 1.3m, what is the speed of the sound waves?

In words In symbols


Due Date: ______________

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WAVE ENERGY 1. The two ways to increase energy of a wave are:

a. Increase the __________________________ b. Increase the _________________________

i. This is done by decreasing _________________________

2. The larger the _______________ of a wave is, the more ______________ it carries.

3. The greater the ________________ of a wave, the more _____________ it carries.

DOPPLER EFFECT 1. What is the Doppler Effect?

2. What happens as the object making noise moves closer to you? Use the words frequency, wavelength, and pitch.

3. What happens as the object making noise moves further from you? Use the words frequency, wavelength, and pitch.

4. Draw a quick picture with an object that is making noise moving towards, and away from, a stationary person.


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 10.2: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Further Reference: 16.2 The Nature of Light

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 1. Electromagnetic waves are waves that ___________________________________

a. They travel as _________________________________________________

b. They ALL travel at a speed of __________________________ through the

air or empty space

Electromagnetic Spectrum: consists of waves at all possible energies, frequencies, and wavelengths. They are placed in order of increasing frequency.

Q1 - So what do we notice about the wavelength as we move further right on our diagram?

1. Radio waves are the _________________ in the electromagnetic spectrum and

have wavelengths from _________________ to ___________________.

a. Give 4 examples/uses of radiowaves:

2. Microwaves:

a. Give 4 examples/uses of microwaves:

3. Infrared Light / Waves:

a. Infrared light from the sun ________________

b. Give 4 examples/uses of infrared light:

4. Visible Light is the only portion of the EMS ________________________________

a. What are the colors of the EMS in order from longest wavelength to

shortest wavelength?

b. What color of light has the most energy?


Due Date: ______________

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5. Ultraviolet Light carries _________________ than visible light.

a. This is the type of wave that causes your skin _____________________

b. List 4 examples/uses of Ultraviolet (UV) light:

6. X rays form images because they have enough energy to pass through __________

but are absorbed by _______________.

7. Gamma rays are the electromagnetic waves with the __________ energy in the

entire EMS.

a. They have the ____________ wavelengths (and the ____________

frequency)

Follow up Practice Questions: EMS What type of electromagnetic waves has the most energy? What type has the longest wavelength? What type has the highest frequency? What visible light has the longest wavelength? What visible light has the lowest frequency? Q1 - So what do we notice about the wave as we move further right on our diagram?


Due Date: ______________

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Unit 10.3: Wave Interactions

Further Reference: 15.3 Wave Interactions

REFLECTION, DIFFRACTION, AND REFRACTION 1. Waves can interact with other waves, other objects, or change medium (travel

through different substances)

a. When a wave meets a new surface or boundary, the wave _____________

b. When a wave passes the edge of an object or passes through an opening,

the wave ______________

c. When a wave passes from one medium to another at an angle, it will

______________

2. Reflection is the ___________________ of a wave when it meets a surface or a

boundary that is __________________ that it can’t travel through. a. 2 examples of reflection are:

b. Light obeys the _____________________, which states that the ________________________ will equal the _______________________.

3. Diffraction is when waves pass the edge of an object (or reach an opening), they _______________________ as if a new wave were created there.

a. For small openings, waves will ________________________

b. When waves pass an edge, they will ______________________

c. This bending is called ___________________


Drawing: Reflection Flat surface drawing Rough surface drawing

Due Date: ______________

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4. Refraction is the bending of waves when they pass from ____________________

a. Occur when waves reach a new medium at ________________

b. Each time a wave reaches a new medium, it will be _______________ as the waves _________________

c. The waves from the bottom part of the pencil (traveling through air then

water then air) reach your eyes __________________ than the waves reflected from the top of the spoon (only traveling through air).

d. Different substances have different _______________________________

i. This is because waves travel __________________________ in ______________________

ii. The ___________________ light travels through a substance, the more it will __________________ when it enters the substance.

e. Prisms _____________ light.

i. Light ________________ and “bends” when it enters the prism at an angle.

ii. Each wavelength within white light slows down and bends _______________

iii. The violet light end slows down ______________ than the red light end, so it bends _____________.

INTERFERENCE

1. Waves can __________________ with other waves.

2. Interference: When several waves are _____________________, they _______________ to form a new wave that is _________________ from the original waves.

a. Once the waves have ________________________ and moved on, they

will return to their ___________________.

3. Constructive interference a. When the crest of one wave overlaps the _______________ of another

wave, the waves ___________________ each other.

i. These waves are “______________”

b. Draw a picture of constructive interference


Due Date: ______________

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4. Destructive interference

a. When the crest of one wave meets the _________________ of another wave, the resulting wave has a _____________ amplitude then the larger of the two waves.

i. These waves are “____________________”

b. Draw a picture of destructive interference

LENSES 1. A lens is an optical device that ______________ and ________________ light

2. What is the difference between a simple and a compound lens?

3. Convex lenses _____________ light a. Draw a convex lens, showing light entering and exiting.

4. Concave lenses _____________ light a. Draw a concave lens, showing light entering and exiting.


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