honors physics – midterm review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · web viewhonors physics –...

12
Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer is in front of you waiting to be chosen…pick me, pick me!) and open-ended problem solving (answer must be calculated with complete work shown). It will cover everything from Units 1-5. Each problem will have multiple parts with interwoven topics Topics (multiple choice and problems): Relative motion & perpendicular vectors Incline forces Projectile motion Head to tail vector addition and subtraction Motion graphs (x vs t, v vs t, a vs t) Newton’s Laws applications (ΣF = ma) 2D and components Air resistance and terminal velocity Equilibrium Constant acceleration, constant velocity Force body diagrams Circular motion & satellites Universal gravitation Graph interpretation (slope & area, what quantity it yields, changing slope) Energy (KE, PE), Work, Springs, Conservation, F-d graphs Suggestions on how to study & hopefully be successful:

Upload: hoangkhanh

Post on 27-May-2018

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample

Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer is in front of you waiting to be chosen…pick

me, pick me!) and open-ended problem solving (answer must be calculated with complete work

shown). It will cover everything from Units 1-5. Each problem will have multiple parts with interwoven topics

Topics (multiple choice and problems): Relative motion & perpendicular vectors Incline forces Projectile motion Head to tail vector addition and subtraction Motion graphs (x vs t, v vs t, a vs t) Newton’s Laws applications (ΣF = ma) 2D and components Air resistance and terminal velocity Equilibrium Constant acceleration, constant velocity Force body diagrams Circular motion & satellites Universal gravitation Graph interpretation (slope & area, what quantity it yields, changing slope) Energy (KE, PE), Work, Springs, Conservation, F-d graphs

Suggestions on how to study & hopefully be successful:1) YOU (not Google, not your tutor) do the problems provided on the following pages and understanding why. 2) Review past exams. 3) Choose random homework problems and see if you can do them without help.4) Pray

Page 2: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

HONORS PHYSICS MIDTERM REVIEW 2014

1) A 1500kg satellite travels in a stable circular orbit around the earth. The orbital radius (center to point in space) is 4.2x107 m. Determine the satellite’s speed.

2) A cannon ball is launched at 85m/s @ 50o above the horizontal, towards a hill as shown. a) Determine horizontal distance d does the cannon ball travel before it impacts the hillside?b) Determine the resultant speed at impact.

3) A ball is swung in a horizontal circle and completes a single rotation in 1.2s. The 0.44 m long cord makes an angle of 35o with the vertical during the ball’s motion. a) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the ball.b) If ball is 1.0kg, determine the tension in cord. c) If ball is 3.6m above the ground and the string snaps, how far horizontally will ball travel just before striking ground?

4) A 15 kg block has a constant acceleration of 2.2 m/s2 down a 30o incline. a) Determine magnitude of the friction force on the block.b) Calculate KE of block after sliding for 2.5s from rest.c) Determine acceleration of block if it was given quick push up the incline and sliding on its own.

5) If m1 is 20kg, determine the minimum coefficient of static friction for the system not to move when released from rest.

6) Two forces are acting at a single point on an object. Force 1 has a *this is a top view!*magnitude of 8000N and is directed due W. Force 2 has a magnitude of 6000N and is directed at 40o N of E. (picture is a top view)a) Determine the acceleration of block if it has a mass of 105kg.b) Determine the magnitude of the third force which must act at the same point so that the object will have a net force of zero.

7) A car is traveling at 25m/s on a circular hill of radius 210 m. The car has kinetic energy equal to 437,500J.a) What is the normal force on this car at the top of the hill? b) How fast can you go before leaving road?

8) The space shuttle orbits the Earth in a circular path where the acceleration due to gravity is 8.68m/s2.

Page 3: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

a) Determine the shuttle’s orbital radius.b) Determine the period of orbit

9) An astronaut stands on the surface of a planet of mass 3.24x1023kg. An object dropped from the astronaut’s hand accelerates at 3.2 m/s2. a) Calculate the radius of this planet.b) At what altitude above planet would astronaut be 1/5 of original weight?

10) A cyclist traveling at 10m/s applies her brakes and stops in 25m. The graph shows the magnitude of the braking force versus distance traveled. Determine the total mass of bike and cyclist.

11) A 250kg roller coaster car travels past points A and B with a speed of 4.5m/s at the top of 18m hill and 15m/s at bottom as shown in the diagram at right. Determine the energy transferred to heat between these points.

12) A 65N force is applied to a 5.0kg object as shown. a) Calculate the acceleration of the object. b) Determine the net power generated in 1.5s.

13) A 3.65kg mass slides at a speed of 2.5m/s across a smooth floor before striking a spring with a constant of 975 N/m as shown. a) How far will the spring compress? b) If kinetic friction is present after the compression (µk =0.40), how far will the block slide beyond relaxed length of spring before stopping?

14) A 0.40 kg object moves in a straight line under the action of a net force. The graph at right shows the velocity as a function of time for the object during a 25s interval. At time t = 0, the object is at the position x = 0.a) Calculate the position of the object at t = 5.0s.b) Calculate the net force on the object during the first 3.0s of the motion.c) Determine the change in kinetic energy between 5-25s.

15) A 5.0 kg mass is suspended from a cord. The mass is held in place as shown with a horizontal 23N force. a) Find the angle, θ, made between the cord and ceiling.b) If the 23N force is removed and the mass is let go, determine the speed of the mass at the bottom of the swing if the cord is 2.0m long.c) Determine the tension in the cord at the bottom of the swing.

16) A 250 N force is applied at an angle of 32° above the horizontal to a 96 kg wooden box causing it to slide along a floor 5.0m from rest. The coefficient of friction between the floor and the box is 0.18. Determine the change in KE of the box. MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Page 4: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

1) If the sum of all the forces acting on a moving object is zero, the object willa) slow down and stopb) change the direction of its motionc) accelerate uniformlyd) continue moving with constant velocity

2) The graph represents the relationship between gravitational force and mass for objects near the surface of Earth. The slope of the graph represents thea) acceleration due to gravityb) universal gravitational constantc) momentum of objectsd) weight of objects

3) As the car goes around the curve, the centripetal force is directeda) toward the center of the circular curveb) away from the center of the circular curvec) tangent to the curve in the direction of motiond) tangent to the curve opposite the direction of motion

4) The diagram shows a block sliding down a plane inclined at angle θ with the horizontal. As angle θ is increased, the coefficient of kinetic friction between the bottom surface of the block and the surface of the incline willa) decreaseb) increasec) remain the same

5) The amount of work done against friction to slide a box in a straight line across a uniform,horizontal floor depends most on the a) time taken to move the boxb) distance the box is movedc) speed of the boxd) direction of the box’s motion

6) Which graph best represents the motion of a block accelerating uniformly down an inclined plane?

A B C D

7) A child is riding on a merry-go-round. As the speed of the merry-go-round is doubled, themagnitude of the centripetal force acting on the childa) remains the same b) is halved c) is doubled d) is quadrupled

8) Which of the following correctly applies to a projectile in the absence of friction?

Page 5: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

A. The vertical velocity is changing.B. The horizontal velocity is changing.C. The vertical acceleration is changing.D. The horizontal acceleration is changing.

9) A ball is thrown at an angle of 38° to the horizontal. What happens to the magnitude of theball’s vertical acceleration during the total time interval that the ball is in the air?a) It decreases, then increases.b) It decreases, then remains the same.c) It increases, then decreases.d) It remains the same.

10) A man standing on a scale in an elevator notices that the scale reads 30 newtons greater than hisnormal weight. Which type of movement of the elevator could cause this greater-than-normal reading?a) accelerating upwardb) accelerating downwardc) moving upward at constant speedd) moving downward at constant speed

11) Projectile A is launched horizontally at a speed of 20m/s from the top of a cliff and strikes a level surface below, 3.0 seconds later. Projectile B is launched horizontally from the same location at a speed of 30m/s. The time it takes projectile B to reach the level surface isa) 4.5 s b) 3.0 s c) 2.0 s d) 10 s

The motion of a circus clown on a unicycle moving in a straight line is shown in the graph at right.

12) What would be the acceleration of the clown at 5 s?A) 1.6 m/s2 B) 8.0 m/s2 C) 2.0 m/s2 D) 3.4 m/s2 E) none of these

13) After 12 seconds, how far is the clown from her original starting point?A) 100 m B) 56 m C) 34 m D) 47 m E) 74 m

14) A 15 kg rock is projected horizontally from a very high cliff at a speed of 65m/s as shown. What is the speed of the rock after it has fallen a vertical distance of 35m? A. 26 m/s B. 59 m/s C. 65 m/s D. 70 m/s

15) A 45 kg steel ball is projected vertically with an initial speed of 280m/s. While the ball is rising, 8.5x105 J of heat energy are produced due to air friction. What is the maximum height reached by the ball using 2 significant figures?A. 1900 m B. 2100 m C. 4000 m D. 5900 m

16) The net work done in accelerating an object along a frictionless horizontal surface is equal to thechange in the object’s a) net force b) potential energy c) velocity d) kinetic energy

17) Forces A and B have a resultant R. Force A and resultant R are represented in the diagram. Which vector best represents force B?

Page 6: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

A B C D

18) Two stones, A and B, are thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. Stone A has an initial speed of 15 meters per second and stone B has an initial speed of 30. meters per second. Compared to the time it takes stone A to reach the ground, the time it takes stone B to reach the ground isa) the same b) half as great c) twice as great d) four times as great

19) Using the graph at the right, what was the average speed during the 10.0-second time interval?a) 2.4m/s b) 1.6 m/sc) 2.0 m/sd) 7.2m/s

20) A satellite is placed in an orbit at a distance 8R away from the center of the earth. It is then moved to a new orbit of radius 2R away from the earth’s center. Which of the following is the correct ratio of the gravitational force in the new orbit to that in the old orbit?A. 2 :1 B. 4 :1 C. 8 :1 D. 16 :1

21) A ball is dropped from the top of a building. Taking air resistance into account, which best describes the speed of the ball while it is moving downward? A It will increase at a steady rate B) It will remain constant C) It will decrease D) Its rate of acceleration will decrease until the ball moves at a constant speed

22) Which graph best represents the relationship between the acceleration of an object falling freely near the surface of Earth and the time that it falls?

A B C D

23) An object is in uniform horizontal circular motion. What is the direction for the velocity, centripetal acceleration, and centripetal force on the object at the point shown? (Answer given in answer section)24) Is it possible for an object’s velocity to increase while its acceleration decreases?

Page 7: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

A) No, this is impossible because of the way in which acceleration is defined.B) No, because if acceleration is decreasing the object will be slowing down.C) No, because velocity and acceleration must always be in the same direction.D) Yes, an example would be a falling object near the surface of the moon.E) Yes, an example would be a falling object in the presence of air resistance.

25) A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’sorbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take forthe planet to complete one orbit?A) ½ B) 1/(2)1/2 C) 1 D) (2)1/2 E) 2

26) A bales of hay is dropped from an airplane to a herd of cattle below. Assume the airplane flew horizontally at an altitude of 180m with a constant velocity of 50m/s. Neglect air resistance. About how far horizontally will the bale move prior to landing on the ground?A) 9000 m B) 300 m C) 180 m D) 100 m E) 50 m

27) What is the shape of the velocity time graph for an object with the position time graph shown in the diagram at right?

28) Snail A is travelling at 0.001 m/s [E] toward Snail B, travelling at 0.001 m/s [W]. What is thevelocity of Snail A relative to Snail B?A. zero B. 0.001 m/s [E] C. 0.002 m/s [E] D. 0.002 m/s [W]

A banana boat is travelling at 4 m/s [E] relative to still water. The river is flowing at 1 m/s [W] relative to earth. A monkey on the boat is moving at 2 m/s [E] relative to boat and throwing a banana behind him at 3 m/s relative to himself. A bird is flying over the boat at a velocity of 1 m/s [W] relative to earth. An observer is standing on the river bank watching everything.

29) How long will it take the boat to move 50m east and then 50m west (ignore time for turning around)?a) 26.6s b) 20.3s c) 15.4s d) 34.8s

30) How fast is the banana moving relative to the river?a) 1m/s E b) 2m/s W c) 3m/s W d) 3m/s E e) 4m/s W

ANSWERS TO HP 2013 MIDTERM REVIEW:

Page 8: Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010 - mrdsample - …midterm... · Web viewHonors Physics – Midterm Review 2014 Mr Sample Your midterm will consist of multiple choice (answer

1) 3087m/s2) 658.9m, 76.1m/s3) 6.9m/s2, 12N, 1.12m4) 40.5N, 226.8J, 7.6m/s2 down incline5) 0.506) 48.9m/s2 @ 131.4o , 5144N7) 9553N, 45.4m/s8) 6.8x106m, 5.6x103s9) 2.6x106m, 3.21x106m10) 64kg11) 18506J12) 8.0m/s2 , 240W13) 0.153m, 0.644m

14) 25m, 0.80N, -15.0J 15) 64.8o , 1.97m/s, 58.8N 16) 333J

1) D 2) A 3) A 4) C 5) B 6) D 7) D 8) A 9) D 10) A 11) B 12) C 13) E

14) D 15) B 16) D 17) C 18) A 19) A 20) D 21) D 22) D 23) Velocity is west, ac and Fc are north. 24) E 25) D 26) B 27) B 28) C 29) A 30) C