The hooliganism

• The first instance of football violence is unknown traced back to at least the 14th century in England. In 1314,Edward II banned football because he believed the disorder surrounding matches might lead to social unrest or even treason. The first alleged recorded instances of football hooliganism in the modern game took place in the 1880s in England, a period when gangs of supporters would intimidate neighbourhoods, as well as attack referees and opposing supporters and players.

• Between the two world wars, there were no recorded instance of football hooliganism, but it started attracting widespread media attention in the late 1950s due to its re-emergence in Latin America. In the 1955-56 English football season, Liverpool and Everton fans were involved in a number of incidents. By the 1960s, an average of 25 hooligan incidents were being reported each year in England.

The hooliganism in United kingdom

• Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the UK had a reputation worldwide for football hooliganism; the phenomenon was often dubbed the English Disease. However, the UK government has led a wide scale crackdown on football related violence. While football hooliganism has been a growing concern in some other European countries in recent years, British football fans now tend to have a better reputation abroad. Although reports of British football hooliganism still surface, the instances now tend to occur at pre-arranged locations rather than at the matches themselves.

• England

• Football hooliganism in England dates back to the 1880s, when what were termed as roughs caused trouble at football matches. Local derby matches would usually have the worst trouble, but in an era when travelling fans were not common, roughs would sometimes attack the referees and the away team's players. In the early 1980s, many British hooligans started wearing expensive European designer clothing, to avoid attracting the attention of authorities. This led to the development of the casual subculture.

• During the 1970s, organised hooligan firms started to emerge with clubs. Lower league clubs also had firms. Two main events in 1973 led to introduction of crowd segregation and fencing at football grounds in England.

• Ideology

• These aggressive fans, followers of a particular team, often fight with groups from the opposing team during the meeting. Tension rises over the so-called classics or derbies, which are meetings between teams from the same city, or teams with a great historical competence.

• These violent encounters between groups have led to many deaths (an average of half a dozen a year in the decade of 90’s) and tragedies throughout the history of English football. In 1985, the Heysel Stadium (Brussels), killed 39 people, mostly Italians, for a cunning attack on Liverpool fans, that night It played with Juventus, the final of the Champions League. Transported the dead and wounded and the game has continued played.

• Since the sixties many youth subcultures such as skinhead, Herbert, mod, punk or rude boy have been linked to hooligan movement.

• Hooligans groups

• It says, in general, the English violent groups prefer to call themselves The Firm (La Firma), in the business sense of a group that seeks to fund their movements and activities.

• The live of a hooligan is to work in anything all the week and the days of the matches they meet in the pub of the firm. They drink a lot and they sing them hymn and prepare themselves for the match. When they go to the match always they kick the other team’s hooligans and if they lose the battle will be more bloody.