hoquiam middle school 8th grade learning packet...benjamin franklin: the ultimate solution creato...
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H O Q U I A M M I D D L E S C H O O L
8TH GRADE LEARNING PACKETOpen for all subjects! You don't want to miss this!
WEEK TWOCONTACT TEACHERS FOR QUESTIONS
HMS 8th Grade Packet- Week of April 20th -24th
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
ELA/Math PE/Music
Math/ELA PE/Music
History PE/Art
Science PE/Music
PE/Health Music/Choir
Teacher Contact Information
US History- [email protected] Band- [email protected]
English- [email protected] PE- [email protected]
Math- [email protected] Science- [email protected]
Construction Math- [email protected] Choir- [email protected]
Art- [email protected] Health- [email protected]
This Week’s Targets
Activity Page Subject
1 Cover 2 Table 3 ELA 4 ELA 5 ELA/PE 6 Math 7 Math 8 US History 9 US History
10 US History 11 Science 12 Science 13 Band/Choir 14 Answer
Sheet 15 Art 16 Art 17 Art 18 Construction
Math 19 Construction
Math 20 Earth Day
ELA:ELA Standard RI 8.1 Key Ideas and Details - Informational Text:Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Benjamin Franklin Article + Questions
Math:CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.NS.A.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number. CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.NS.A.2 Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions.
Investigating patterns exercises
Science: ELA Standard RI 8.1 Key Ideas and Details - Informational Text: Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Rainforest Medicine Informational Text article + Bell Ringers
US History: C3.6-8.6 Analyze how the United States has interacted with other countries. H1.6-8.6 Explain how themes and developments help define eras in United States history from 1763 to 1877
War of 1812 Reader + Questions
PE: PE 1.1.5a. Students will demonstrate competency in a variety of motor skills and movement patterns
Fitness Challenges
Ben
jam
in F
rank
lin: T
he U
ltim
ate
Solu
tion
Cre
ator
by
Rea
dWor
ks
Be
njam
in F
rank
lin is
cre
dite
d w
ith a
n ar
ray
of in
vent
ions
and
acc
ompl
ishm
ents
. Am
ong
thes
e ar
e th
e re
peal
of B
ritai
n's
Stam
p Ac
t, bi
foca
ls, t
he li
ghtn
ing
rod,
the
Fran
klin
sto
ve, t
he re
form
, and
cre
atio
n of
th
e or
igin
al U
.S. p
osta
l sys
tem
. All
are
nota
ble
for b
eing
sol
utio
ns, i
n th
e 17
00s,
to e
very
day
prob
lem
s fa
ced
by F
rank
lin's
pee
rs o
r to
bigg
er s
ocia
l and
pol
itica
l iss
ues
(like
the
Amer
ican
col
onie
s' la
ck o
f re
pres
enta
tion
durin
g Br
itain
's ru
le).
W
hen
face
d w
ith s
ome
kind
of r
oadb
lock
or t
roub
le, F
rank
lin w
as p
artic
ular
ly a
dept
at f
indi
ng a
way
ar
ound
it. B
eyon
d hi
s ke
en in
tuiti
on th
at fa
cilit
ated
his
dis
cove
ries
and
solu
tions
, Fra
nklin
had
an
exce
ptio
nal i
ntel
ligen
ce. T
his
was
evi
dent
in th
e w
ay h
e ap
proa
ched
pro
blem
s-th
e m
an w
as fa
mou
s fo
r bei
ng e
cono
mic
al, c
omm
unity
-driv
en, a
nd s
uppo
rtive
of e
duca
tion
and
hard
wor
k. H
e di
dn't
com
e fro
m a
wea
lthy
fam
ily a
nd w
as w
ell k
now
n fo
r liv
ing
sim
ply,
yet
sm
artly
. Par
tly b
ecau
se o
f thi
s st
raig
htfo
rwar
d, b
ut th
orou
gh a
ppro
ach
to d
aily
life
, he
was
bet
ter a
ble
to in
vent
and
cre
ate
or
impr
ove
solu
tions
to s
ome
of th
e er
a's
prob
lem
s.
Ta
ke, f
or e
xam
ple,
the
troub
le o
f hav
ing
two
diffe
rent
kin
ds o
f poo
r eye
sigh
t. M
ost p
eopl
e ha
ve o
nly
Rea
dWor
ks.o
rg
© 2
013
Rea
dWor
ks®
, Inc
. All
right
s re
serv
ed.
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
: The
Ulti
mat
e So
lutio
n C
reat
or
one
visi
on p
robl
em, a
t mos
t, an
d du
ring
Fran
klin
's ti
me,
eye
glas
ses
to h
elp
near
sigh
tedn
ess
or
fars
ight
edne
ss a
lread
y ex
iste
d. S
ome
peop
le, h
owev
er, e
xper
ienc
e bo
th k
inds
of v
isio
n de
ficie
ncie
s,
who
se s
cien
tific
nam
es a
re p
resb
yopi
a (fa
rsig
hted
ness
) and
myo
pia
(nea
rsig
hted
ness
). To
add
ress
bo
th a
t the
sam
e tim
e, F
rank
lin c
reat
ed d
ual-l
ens
eyeg
lass
es, w
hich
offe
red
a bo
ttom
hal
f to
corre
ct
one'
s vi
sion
of c
lose
-by
obje
cts
and
wor
ds, a
nd a
top
half
enab
ling
the
sam
e vi
ewer
to s
ee fa
r aw
ay.
He
did
this
by
cutti
ng th
e tw
o di
ffere
nt n
eces
sary
lens
es in
hal
f and
com
bini
ng th
em. T
his
solu
tion
also
mad
e it
poss
ible
to ta
ilor t
he p
resc
riptio
n of
eac
h le
ns to
acc
urat
ely
corre
ct th
e vi
sion
of t
he
wea
rer.
It's
not a
per
fect
sys
tem
; to
this
day
, eve
n if
bifo
cals
hav
e im
prov
ed, n
ew u
sers
can
exp
erie
nce
head
ache
s or
diz
zine
ss w
hen
first
wea
ring
them
. How
ever
, tho
se in
nee
d of
bifo
cals
typi
cally
ac
clim
ate
to th
e tw
o-le
ns s
yste
m (a
nd in
195
5, a
n op
ticia
n na
med
Irvi
ng R
ips
furth
er re
fined
the
solu
tion,
by
crea
ting
seam
less
bifo
cals
from
one
lens
, im
prov
ing
upon
the
orig
inal
des
ign)
. The
gl
asse
s m
eet t
heir
wea
rer's
vis
ion
need
s.
Fr
ankl
in a
lso
addr
esse
d co
mm
on p
robl
ems.
Dur
ing
his
lifet
ime
(170
6-17
90),
firep
lace
s an
d st
oves
w
ere
the
only
way
to h
eat o
ne's
hom
e. B
urni
ng w
ood
or s
crap
pro
duce
s sm
oke-
not a
lway
s w
hat y
ou
wan
t filli
ng y
our h
ouse
! To
com
bat t
he is
sues
of m
uch
smok
e fil
ling
hom
es a
nd in
effic
ient
hea
ting,
Fr
ankl
in c
reat
ed a
new
sys
tem
, cal
led
the
Fran
klin
sto
ve. E
ssen
tially
, it w
as a
n im
prov
ed fi
repl
ace,
m
eant
to o
ffer m
ore
heat
and
less
sm
oke
than
the
firep
lace
s th
at c
ame
befo
re it
. To
do th
is, F
rank
lin
put s
omet
hing
cal
led
a ba
ffle
(a h
ollo
w d
uct t
hrou
gh w
hich
col
d ai
r ent
ered
and
hot
air
exite
d,
war
min
g th
e ro
om) a
t the
bac
k of
his
sto
ve. T
he b
affle
was
ope
n at
the
botto
m a
nd h
ad tw
o ho
les
at
the
top.
Col
d ai
r sin
ks a
nd h
ot a
ir ris
es, s
o th
e un
ders
ide
of th
e ba
ffle
was
mea
nt to
take
in c
old
air
from
the
room
, hea
t it w
ith th
e fir
e's
flam
es, a
nd re
leas
e th
e he
ated
air
back
into
the
room
. Fra
nklin
's
othe
r adj
ustm
ent w
as th
e at
tach
men
t of a
n in
verte
d si
phon
to th
e ba
ffle.
Thi
s in
verte
d si
phon
was
a
U-s
hape
d du
ct th
at h
e th
ough
t wou
ld c
arry
sm
oke
away
from
the
room
and
up
a ch
imne
y.
Inte
rest
ingl
y, F
rank
lin's
sto
ve w
asn'
t par
ticul
arly
suc
cess
ful.
It ad
dres
sed
two
of th
e m
ain
heat
ing
prob
lem
s of
the
day-
inef
ficie
ncy
and
an e
xces
s of
sm
oke-
but i
t did
n't a
ctua
lly w
ork
that
wel
l. Th
e in
verte
d si
phon
onl
y fu
nctio
ned
corre
ctly
if th
e fir
e bu
rned
con
sist
ently
, a fa
ctor
that
cou
ldn'
t be
guar
ante
ed. H
owev
er, g
iven
the
prob
lem
s an
d th
e w
ay p
eopl
e bu
ilt th
eir h
omes
in 1
741,
whe
n Fr
ankl
in in
vent
ed h
is s
tove
, the
equ
ipm
ent h
e ca
me
up w
ith is
vie
wed
as
a so
lutio
n th
at a
ddre
ssed
th
e pr
oble
ms
he w
as c
once
rned
with
.
Besi
des
dual
-pur
pose
eye
glas
ses
and
a le
ss s
mok
y fir
epla
ce, F
rank
lin is
als
o cr
edite
d w
ith in
vent
ing
the
light
ning
rod.
Thi
s is
per
haps
his
mos
t fam
ous
inve
ntio
n, a
nd w
ith g
ood
reas
on. B
efor
e it,
ligh
tnin
g st
rikin
g on
e's
hom
e co
uld
have
dis
astro
us c
onse
quen
ces,
esp
ecia
lly s
ince
hou
ses
wer
e ge
nera
lly
mad
e fro
m w
ood.
The
inve
ntio
n ca
me
abou
t as
a w
ay fo
r Fra
nklin
to te
st a
hyp
othe
sis.
He
belie
ved
that
ligh
tnin
g w
as re
late
d to
ele
ctric
ity-a
com
mon
pie
ce o
f kno
wle
dge
now
, but
new
in 1
750,
whe
n he
inve
nted
the
light
ning
rod.
By u
nder
stan
ding
that
ligh
tnin
g te
nded
to h
it th
e hi
ghes
t, ne
ares
t poi
nt, F
rank
lin d
eter
min
ed th
at
putti
ng a
rod
on th
e to
p of
a b
uild
ing
mea
nt li
ghtn
ing
wou
ld b
e m
ore
likel
y to
hit
the
rod
than
the
hous
e its
elf.
Fran
klin
's li
ghtn
ing
rod
conn
ecte
d to
a w
ire th
at ra
n do
wn
thro
ugh
the
hous
e an
d in
to th
e gr
ound
, whe
re it
was
atta
ched
to a
gro
und
rod.
Bot
h ro
ds w
ere
mad
e fro
m m
etal
, whi
ch F
rank
lin
theo
rized
wou
ld c
ondu
ct th
e el
ectri
city
of t
he li
ghtn
ing.
By
mov
ing
from
the
first
rod
dow
n th
e le
ngth
of
the
wire
, the
ligh
tnin
g's
ener
gy c
ould
be
safe
ly tr
ansm
itted
into
the
grou
nd, w
here
it w
ould
no
long
er
pose
a th
reat
to o
ne's
hom
e or
bod
y.
R
eadW
orks
.org
©
201
3 R
eadW
orks
®, I
nc. A
ll rig
hts
rese
rved
.
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
: The
Ulti
mat
e So
lutio
n C
reat
or
Fran
klin
did
n't j
ust d
eal w
ith o
bjec
ts a
s so
lutio
ns to
pro
blem
s. H
e w
as th
e fir
st k
now
n cr
eato
r of a
"p
ros
and
cons
" lis
t, w
hich
is a
n in
vent
ion
to a
ssis
t with
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g. In
a 1
772
lette
r to
a fri
end,
he
laid
out
how
he
mad
e di
fficu
lt de
cisi
ons:
he
divi
ded
a pi
ece
of p
aper
into
two
colu
mns
, with
one
he
aded
"pro
s" a
nd th
e ot
her "
cons
." H
e w
ould
thin
k ab
out t
he p
ros
and
cons
of a
par
ticul
ar d
ecis
ion
for s
ever
al d
ays,
writ
ing
them
dow
n w
hene
ver t
hey
cam
e to
him
. Whe
n no
mor
e oc
curre
d to
him
, he
wou
ld g
o th
roug
h ea
ch s
ide
of th
e lis
t, as
sign
ing
a w
eigh
t to
ever
y po
int.
Then
he
wou
ld s
trike
out
a
pro
for e
very
con
. At t
he e
nd, h
e w
ould
see
if th
e ba
lanc
e w
as o
n on
e si
de o
r the
oth
er, t
hink
abo
ut
the
prob
lem
for a
noth
er d
ay, a
nd th
en m
ake
a de
cisi
on.
This
kin
d of
sys
tem
atic
app
roac
h to
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g w
as p
roba
bly
quite
use
ful f
or F
rank
lin's
ove
rall
appr
oach
to m
akin
g sc
ient
ific
inqu
iries
, whi
ch h
e ap
plie
d in
his
rese
arch
too.
For
inst
ance
, he
was
ve
ry in
tere
sted
in p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
, par
ticul
arly
in th
e Am
eric
an c
olon
ies.
In th
e 17
00s,
the
colo
nies
' po
pula
tion
was
exp
lodi
ng, b
ut n
o on
e kn
ew b
y ho
w m
uch.
Afte
r stu
dyin
g th
e gr
owth
for s
ever
al
deca
des,
beg
inni
ng in
the
1730
s, F
rank
lin p
ublis
hed
"Obs
erva
tions
on
the
Incr
ease
of M
anki
nd" i
n 17
55. T
his
essa
y ex
plai
ned
that
rapi
d po
pula
tion
grow
th u
sual
ly a
ccom
pani
ed a
n ab
unda
nce
of fo
od
supp
lies.
At t
he ti
me,
the
Amer
icas
had
the
fast
est p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
any
whe
re in
the
wor
ld a
nd a
lso
had
a hu
ge a
mou
nt o
f far
mla
nd, w
hich
mea
nt th
ey c
ould
eas
ily n
urtu
re a
gro
win
g po
pula
tion.
Bes
ides
en
light
enin
g hi
s re
ader
s as
to w
hy th
e co
loni
es w
ere
expe
rienc
ing
a su
rge
in c
itize
ns, h
e w
as a
lso
able
to e
xpla
in h
ow m
uch
thei
r are
a w
as g
row
ing.
At t
he ti
me
he p
ublis
hed
"Obs
erva
tions
on
the
Incr
ease
of M
anki
nd,"
base
d on
his
two
deca
des
of o
bser
vatio
n, F
rank
lin th
eoriz
ed th
at th
e po
pula
tion
of th
e Am
eric
as w
as s
et to
dou
ble
ever
y 20
yea
rs.
Dur
ing
his
lifet
ime,
Fra
nklin
was
als
o pu
t in
char
ge o
f sys
tem
s af
fect
ing
the
popu
latio
n as
a w
hole
. He
tend
ed to
impr
ove
them
. In
1775
, he
was
app
oint
ed th
e fir
st P
ostm
aste
r Gen
eral
of t
he A
mer
ican
co
loni
es. W
hen
he b
egan
the
job,
a le
tter t
rave
ling
from
New
Yor
k to
Phi
lade
lphi
a co
uld
take
two
wee
ks, e
ven
thou
gh th
e di
stan
ce w
as o
nly
109
mile
s. T
o ge
t a le
tter s
afel
y ov
erse
as, a
sen
der w
ould
se
nd c
opie
s on
sev
eral
diff
eren
t shi
ps, w
ith th
e ho
pe th
at a
t lea
st o
ne o
f the
m w
ould
mak
e it
to th
e re
cipi
ent.
Post
offi
ces
wer
e ve
ry in
form
al-th
ey c
ould
be
anyt
hing
from
a to
wn'
s in
n to
its
loca
l pub
.
As P
ostm
aste
r Gen
eral
, Fra
nklin
inst
itute
d se
vera
l sol
utio
ns th
at m
ade
send
ing
and
rece
ivin
g m
ail
fast
er a
nd m
ore
relia
ble.
Firs
t, he
tour
ed a
ll th
e m
ajor
pos
t offi
ces
and
the
rout
es c
onne
ctin
g th
em, s
o he
cou
ld le
arn
mor
e ab
out t
he s
yste
m a
s a
who
le. B
ased
on
his
obse
rvat
ions
, he
dict
ated
mor
e di
rect
ro
utes
bet
wee
n th
ese
post
offi
ces
and
had
mile
ston
es s
et u
p on
the
road
s us
ed b
y m
ail c
arrie
rs, s
o th
ey c
ould
mor
e ea
sily
follo
w th
e co
rrect
pat
h. (R
oads
wer
e ve
ry p
oorly
mar
ked
in th
e 17
00s.
) Se
cond
, he
spec
ifica
lly im
prov
ed s
ervi
ce b
etw
een
New
Yor
k an
d Ph
ilade
lphi
a, th
e co
loni
es' t
wo
bigg
est,
mos
t im
porta
nt c
ities
, by
havi
ng th
e m
ail w
agon
trav
el b
etw
een
the
citie
s du
ring
the
nigh
t, as
w
ell a
s th
e da
y. T
hus
mor
e m
ail w
as a
ble
to tr
avel
fast
er. L
astly
, he
inst
itute
d a
stan
dard
ized
cha
rt fo
r m
ail t
hat m
ade
clea
r wha
t it s
houl
d co
st to
mai
l a le
tter o
r pac
kage
, bas
ed o
n its
wei
ght a
nd h
ow fa
r it
was
trav
elin
g.
In a
n un
usua
l mov
e, F
rank
lin n
ever
pat
ente
d a
sing
le o
ne o
f his
des
igns
or i
nven
tions
, whi
ch m
eant
ot
her p
eopl
e w
ere
free
to c
opy
them
, im
prov
e up
on th
em, o
r re-
crea
te th
em. H
e re
sist
ed h
oard
ing
his
idea
s be
caus
e he
trul
y be
lieve
d th
at p
eopl
e be
nefit
ted
from
one
ano
ther
's in
vent
ions
. It g
ave
soci
ety
an a
dvan
tage
if n
ew d
esig
ns a
nd in
vent
ions
wer
e av
aila
ble
to a
ll, b
ecau
se th
at w
ay, m
ore
min
ds
coul
d w
ork
on th
em in
ord
er to
mak
e th
em b
ette
r. By
com
ing
up w
ith d
evic
es a
nd s
yste
ms
that
ad
dres
sed
certa
in p
robl
ems,
but
refra
inin
g fro
m tr
adem
arki
ng h
is in
vent
ions
, Fra
nklin
pav
ed th
e w
ay
for o
ther
s to
con
tinua
lly im
prov
e on
his
initi
al s
olut
ions
.
Rea
dWor
ks.o
rg
© 2
013
Rea
dWor
ks®
, Inc
. All
right
s re
serv
ed.
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
: The
Ulti
mat
e So
lutio
n C
reat
or
N
ame:
D
ate:
1. A
ccor
ding
to th
e te
xt, w
hat w
as B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
's m
ost f
amou
s in
vent
ion?
A. b
ifoca
l gla
sses
B. th
e Fr
ankl
in s
tove
C. t
he li
ghtn
ing
rod
D. p
ros
and
cons
list
s
2. H
ow d
oes
the
auth
or d
escr
ibe
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
?
A. fr
om a
wea
lthy,
sop
hist
icat
ed fa
mily
B. la
zy, s
elfis
h, a
nd u
ncha
ritab
le
C. u
nmot
ivat
ed a
nd la
ckin
g in
cre
ativ
e vi
sion
D. e
cono
mic
al, c
omm
unity
-driv
en, a
nd s
uppo
rtive
of e
duca
tion
3.
The
bifo
cal l
ens
syst
em th
at B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
cre
ated
was
not
per
fect
. Wha
t ev
iden
ce fr
om th
e pa
ssag
e su
ppor
ts th
is c
oncl
usio
n?
A. "F
rank
lin c
reat
ed d
ual-l
ens
eyeg
lass
es, w
hich
offe
red
a bo
ttom
hal
f to
corre
ct o
ne's
vi
sion
of c
lose
-by
obje
cts
and
wor
ds, a
nd a
top
half
enab
ling
the
sam
e vi
ewer
to s
ee fa
r aw
ay."
B. "N
ew u
sers
can
exp
erie
nce
head
ache
s or
diz
zine
ss w
hen
first
wea
ring
them
."
C. "
This
sol
utio
n al
so m
ade
it po
ssib
le to
tailo
r the
pre
scrip
tion
of e
ach
lens
to a
ccur
atel
y co
rrect
the
visi
on o
f the
wea
rer."
D. "
He
did
this
by
cutti
ng th
e tw
o di
ffere
nt n
eces
sary
lens
es in
hal
f and
com
bini
ng th
em."
4.
Why
was
n't t
he F
rank
lin s
tove
suc
cess
ful?
A. T
he s
tove
did
n't r
elia
bly
redu
ce th
e am
ount
of s
mok
e in
the
room
.
B. T
he s
tove
did
n't p
rope
rly h
eat t
he ro
om.
C. T
here
wer
e m
ultip
le a
ccid
ents
whe
re th
e st
ove
caug
ht fi
re.
D. T
he s
tove
incr
ease
d th
e am
ount
of s
mok
e gi
ven
off.
Rea
dWor
ks.o
rg
© 2
020
Rea
dWor
ks®
, Inc
. All
right
s re
serv
ed.
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
: The
Ulti
mat
e So
lutio
n C
reat
or -
Com
preh
ensi
on Q
uest
ions
5. W
hat i
s th
is p
assa
ge m
ainl
y ab
out?
A. p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
in th
e Am
eric
an c
olon
ies
B. th
e in
vent
ion
of th
e lig
htni
ng ro
d
C. B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
and
his
man
y in
vent
ions
D. t
he U
.S. p
aten
t sys
tem
6. R
ead
the
follo
win
g se
nten
ces:
"Whe
n fa
ced
with
som
e ki
nd o
f roa
dblo
ck o
r tro
uble
, Fr
ankl
in w
as p
artic
ular
ly a
dept
at f
indi
ng a
way
aro
und
it. B
eyon
d hi
s ke
en in
tuiti
on th
at
faci
litat
ed h
is d
isco
verie
s an
d so
lutio
ns, F
rank
lin h
ad a
n ex
cept
iona
l int
ellig
ence
."
Wha
t doe
s "a
dept
" mea
n?
A. q
uick
B. s
tubb
orn
C. i
mpa
tient
D. s
killf
ul
7.
Cho
ose
the
answ
er th
at b
est c
ompl
etes
the
sent
ence
bel
ow.
Be
njam
in F
rank
lin w
as a
bril
liant
inve
ntor
, he
nev
er p
aten
ted
any
of h
is
desi
gns.
A. a
lso
B. y
et
C. t
hus
D. n
amel
y
8. W
hat h
ypot
hesi
s w
as B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
tryi
ng to
test
with
the
inve
ntio
n of
the
light
ning
rod?
9. B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
gre
atly
impr
oved
the
U.S
. Pos
tal S
yste
m d
urin
g hi
s tim
e as
Po
stm
aste
r Gen
eral
. Wha
t evi
denc
e fro
m th
e te
xt s
uppo
rts th
is c
oncl
usio
n?
10. W
hy w
as B
enja
min
Fra
nklin
"the
ulti
mat
e so
lutio
n cr
eato
r"?
Supp
ort y
our a
rgum
ent
with
exa
mpl
es fr
om th
e te
xt.
R
eadW
orks
.org
©
202
0 R
eadW
orks
®, I
nc. A
ll rig
hts
rese
rved
.
Benj
amin
Fra
nklin
: The
Ulti
mat
e So
lutio
n C
reat
or -
Com
preh
ensi
on Q
uest
ions
HMS
8thgr
ade
PEro
utin
efo
rwee
k2
Mon
day,
Tue
sday
, Thu
rsda
y:
Dyn
amic
Wor
kout
2
0 se
cond
Bea
uty
Que
en s
tretc
h ea
ch le
g 2
0 se
cond
But
terfl
y st
retc
h 1
0 Si
t ups
10
Push
ups
20
seco
nd M
ount
ain
clim
bers
10
V-U
ps e
ach
leg
10
Burp
ees
10
Dip
s 4
0 Se
cond
fron
t pla
nk 3
0 Se
cond
left
side
pla
nk 3
0 Se
cond
righ
t sid
e pl
ank
W
edne
sday
:
1 m
ile w
alk/
run
Fr
iday
: W
arm
up
10
squa
ts 2
0 se
cond
road
runn
er 1
0 V-
ups
40
seco
nd fr
ont p
lank
30
seco
nd e
ach
side
pla
nks.
Test
1 m
inut
e si
t up
test
and
pus
h up
test
. Sen
d sc
ores
to
Mr.
Pela
n : t
pela
n@ho
quia
m.n
et
Mr.
Pela
n:tp
elan
@ho
quia
m.n
et
© 2
014
Colle
ge B
oard
. All
righ
ts re
serv
ed.
Laws and Orders
Write your answers on notebook paper. Show your work.
Lesson 1-1For Items 1–2, describe the pattern of the sequence and draw what you think are the next two terms. 1.
2.
3. Which is the next term in this sequence?
A. B.
C.
D.
4. Write a conjecture for the pattern of the sequence in Item 3.
5. Draw what you think is the 6th figure in the following sequence:
Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 2
6. Write a conjecture for the pattern of the sequence in Item 5.
Lesson 1-2For Items 7–9, determine two different ways to represent the fourth term in each pattern. 7.
8. 11
14
19
, , , K
9.
Activity 1 • Investigating Patterns 15
ACTIVITY 1continued
© 2
014
Colle
ge B
oard
. All
righ
ts re
serv
ed.
Laws and Orders
10. Which is the next term in this sequence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
11. Copy and complete the table for the following sequence:
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure Number of squares
Number of line
segments
Sum
1 1 0 1
2 3 4 51025
Lesson 1-3
12. The numbers below are known as Fibonacci numbers. What is the pattern? Give the next three numbers in the sequence.
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, . . .For Items 13 – 16, describe the pattern, indicate if the sequence is increasing or decreasing or neither, and list the next three terms for each sequence. 13. 5, 2, −1, . . . 14. 0.25, 0.5, 1, . . . 15. 64, −16, 4, . . .
16. −12
0 12
, , , . . .
For Items 17–20, describe the following sequences using either a mathematical operation or a verbal description, indicate if the sequence is increasing or decreasing or neither, and list the next two terms. 17. 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 9, . . . 18. 0.2, 0.04, 0.008, . . .
19. 12
34
56
, , , . . .
20. |−3 + (−2)|, |−3 + 0|, |−3 + 2|, |−3 + 4|, . . .
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICESLook For and Make Use of Structure
21. Describe the different ways that sequences can be represented. Create a sequence that can be represented in more than one way and describe what the pattern of the sequence is.
16 SpringBoard® Mathematics Course 3/PreAlgebra, Unit 1 • Numerical Relationships
ACTIVITY 1continued
Mrs
. Fol
kers
US
His
tory
War
of 1
812
In th
e W
ar o
f 181
2, th
e U
nite
d St
ates
took
on
the
grea
test
nav
al p
ower
in th
e w
orld
, Gre
at B
ritai
n, in
a c
onfli
ct
that
wou
ld h
ave
an im
men
se im
pact
on
the
youn
g co
untry
’s fu
ture
. Cau
ses
of th
e w
ar in
clud
ed B
ritis
h at
tem
pts
to re
stric
t U.S
. tra
de, t
he R
oyal
Nav
y’s
impr
essm
ent o
f Am
eric
an s
eam
en a
nd A
mer
ica’
s de
sire
to e
xpan
d its
terri
tory
. The
Uni
ted
Stat
es s
uffe
red
man
y co
stly
def
eats
at t
he h
ands
of B
ritis
h, C
anad
ian
and
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
troop
s ov
er th
e co
urse
of t
he W
ar o
f 181
2, in
clud
ing
the
capt
ure
and
burn
ing
of th
e na
tion’
s ca
pita
l, W
ashi
ngto
n,
D.C
., in
Aug
ust 1
814.
Non
ethe
less
, Am
eric
an tr
oops
wer
e ab
le to
repu
lse
Briti
sh in
vasi
ons
in N
ew Y
ork,
Balti
mor
e an
d N
ew O
rlean
s, b
oost
ing
natio
nal c
onfid
ence
and
fost
erin
g a
new
spi
rit o
f pat
riotis
m. T
he ra
tific
atio
n
of th
e Tr
eaty
of G
hent
on
Febr
uary
17,
181
5, e
nded
the
war
but
left
man
y of
the
mos
t con
tent
ious
que
stio
ns
unre
solv
ed. N
onet
hele
ss, m
any
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
cel
ebra
ted
the
War
of 1
812
as a
“sec
ond
war
of
inde
pend
ence
,” be
ginn
ing
an e
ra o
f par
tisan
agr
eem
ent a
nd n
atio
nal p
ride.
Cau
ses
of th
e W
ar o
f 181
2
At th
e ou
tset
of t
he 1
9th
cent
ury,
Gre
at B
ritai
n w
as lo
cked
in a
long
and
bitt
er c
onfli
ct w
ith N
apol
eon
Bona
parte
’s
Fran
ce. I
n an
atte
mpt
to c
ut o
ff su
pplie
s fro
m re
achi
ng th
e en
emy,
bot
h si
des
atte
mpt
ed to
blo
ck th
e U
nite
d
Stat
es fr
om tr
adin
g w
ith th
e ot
her.
In 1
807,
Brit
ain
pass
ed th
e O
rder
s in
Cou
ncil,
whi
ch re
quire
d ne
utra
l
coun
tries
to o
btai
n a
licen
se fr
om it
s au
thor
ities
bef
ore
tradi
ng w
ith F
ranc
e or
Fre
nch
colo
nies
. The
Roy
al N
avy
(Brit
ish)
als
o ou
trage
d Am
eric
ans
by it
s pr
actic
e of
impr
essm
ent,
or re
mov
ing
seam
en fr
om U
.S. m
erch
ant
vess
els
and
forc
ing
them
to s
erve
on
beha
lf of
the
Briti
sh.
Th
e W
ar o
f 181
2 B
reak
s O
ut
In
the
fall
of 1
811,
Indi
ana’
s te
rrito
rial g
over
nor W
illiam
Hen
ry H
arris
on le
d U
.S. t
roop
s to
vic
tory
in th
e Ba
ttle
of
Tipp
ecan
oe. T
he d
efea
t con
vinc
ed m
any
Indi
ans
in th
e N
orth
wes
t Ter
ritor
y (in
clud
ing
the
cele
brat
ed S
haw
nee
chie
f Tec
umse
h) th
at th
ey n
eede
d Br
itish
sup
port
to p
reve
nt A
mer
ican
set
tlers
from
pus
hing
them
furth
er o
ut o
f
thei
r lan
ds. M
eanw
hile
, by
late
181
1 th
e so
-cal
led
“War
Haw
ks” i
n C
ongr
ess
wer
e pu
tting
mor
e an
d m
ore
pres
sure
on
Mad
ison
, and
on
June
18,
181
2, th
e pr
esid
ent s
igne
d a
decl
arat
ion
of w
ar a
gain
st B
ritai
n. T
houg
h
Con
gres
s ul
timat
ely
vote
d fo
r war
, bot
h H
ouse
and
Sen
ate
wer
e bi
tterly
div
ided
on
the
issu
e. M
ost W
este
rn a
nd
Sout
hern
con
gres
smen
sup
porte
d w
ar, w
hile
Fed
eral
ists
(esp
ecia
lly N
ew E
ngla
nder
s w
ho re
lied
heav
ily o
n
trade
with
Brit
ain)
acc
used
war
adv
ocat
es o
f usi
ng th
e ex
cuse
of m
ariti
me
right
s to
pro
mot
e th
eir e
xpan
sion
ist
agen
da.
In o
rder
to s
trike
at G
reat
Brit
ain,
U.S
. for
ces
alm
ost i
mm
edia
tely
atta
cked
Can
ada,
whi
ch w
as th
en a
Brit
ish
colo
ny. A
mer
ican
offi
cial
s w
ere
not o
verly
opt
imis
tic a
bout
the
inva
sion
’s s
ucce
ss, e
spec
ially
giv
en h
ow
unde
rpre
pare
d U
.S. t
roop
s w
ere
at th
e tim
e. O
n th
e ot
her s
ide,
they
face
d a
wel
l-man
aged
def
ense
coo
rdin
ated
by S
ir Is
aac
Broc
k, th
e Br
itish
sol
dier
and
adm
inis
trato
r in
char
ge in
Upp
er C
anad
a (m
oder
n O
ntar
io).
On
Augu
st
16, 1
812,
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es s
uffe
red
a hu
milia
ting
defe
at a
fter B
rock
and
Tec
umse
h’s
forc
es c
hase
d th
ose
led
by M
ichi
gan
Willi
am H
ull a
cros
s th
e C
anad
ian
bord
er, s
carin
g H
ull i
nto
surre
nder
ing
Det
roit
with
out a
ny s
hots
fired
.
War
of 1
812:
Mix
ed R
esul
ts fo
r Am
eric
an F
orce
s
In 1
809,
the
U.S
. Con
gres
s re
peal
ed T
hom
as J
effe
rson
’s u
npop
ular
Em
barg
o Ac
t, w
hich
by
rest
rictin
g tra
de h
ad
hurt
Amer
ican
s m
ore
than
eith
er B
ritai
n or
Fra
nce.
Its
repl
acem
ent,
the
Non
-Inte
rcou
rse
Act,
spec
ifica
lly
proh
ibite
d tra
de w
ith B
ritai
n an
d Fr
ance
. It a
lso
prov
ed in
effe
ctiv
e, a
nd in
turn
was
repl
aced
with
a M
ay 1
810
bill
stat
ing
that
if e
ither
pow
er d
ropp
ed tr
ade
rest
rictio
ns a
gain
st th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, Con
gres
s w
ould
in tu
rn re
sum
e
non-
inte
rcou
rse
with
the
oppo
sing
pow
er.
Af
ter N
apol
eon
hint
ed h
e w
ould
sto
p re
stric
tions
, Pre
side
nt J
ames
Mad
ison
blo
cked
all
trade
with
Brit
ain
that
Nov
embe
r. M
eanw
hile
, new
mem
bers
of C
ongr
ess
elec
ted
that
yea
r–le
d by
Hen
ry C
lay
and
John
C. C
alho
un–
had
begu
n to
agi
tate
for w
ar, b
ased
on
thei
r ind
igna
tion
over
Brit
ish
viol
atio
ns o
f mar
itim
e rig
hts
as w
ell a
s
Brita
in’s
enc
oura
gem
ent o
f Nat
ive
Amer
ican
hos
tility
aga
inst
Am
eric
an w
estw
ard
expa
nsio
n.
D
id y
ou k
now
? Th
e W
ar o
f 181
2 pr
oduc
ed a
new
gen
erat
ion
of g
reat
Am
eric
an g
ener
als,
incl
udin
g An
drew
Jack
son,
Jac
ob B
row
n an
d W
infie
ld S
cott,
and
hel
ped
prop
el n
o fe
wer
than
four
men
to th
e pr
esid
ency
:
Jack
son,
Joh
n Q
uinc
y Ad
ams,
Jam
es M
onro
e an
d W
illiam
Hen
ry H
arris
on.
1/
4
Thin
gs lo
oked
bet
ter f
or th
e U
nite
d St
ates
in th
e W
est,
as C
omm
odor
e O
liver
Haz
ard
Perry
’s b
rillia
nt s
ucce
ss in
the
Battl
e of
Lak
e Er
ie in
Sep
tem
ber 1
813
plac
ed th
e N
orth
wes
t Ter
ritor
y fir
mly
und
er A
mer
ican
con
trol.
Har
rison
was
sub
sequ
ently
abl
e to
reta
ke D
etro
it w
ith a
vic
tory
in th
e Ba
ttle
of T
ham
es (i
n w
hich
Tec
umse
h w
as
kille
d). M
eanw
hile
, the
U.S
. nav
y ha
d be
en a
ble
to s
core
sev
eral
vic
torie
s ov
er th
e R
oyal
Nav
y in
the
early
mon
ths
of th
e w
ar. W
ith th
e de
feat
of N
apol
eon’
s ar
mie
s in
Apr
il 18
14, h
owev
er, B
ritai
n w
as a
ble
to tu
rn it
s fu
ll
atte
ntio
n to
the
war
effo
rt in
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
As
larg
e nu
mbe
rs o
f tro
ops
arriv
ed, B
ritis
h fo
rces
raid
ed th
e
Che
sape
ake
Bay
and
mov
ed in
on
the
U.S
. cap
ital,
capt
urin
g W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
on A
ugus
t 24,
181
4, a
nd
burn
ing
gove
rnm
ent b
uild
ings
incl
udin
g th
e C
apito
l and
the
Whi
te H
ouse
.
O
n Se
ptem
ber 1
1, 1
814,
at t
he B
attle
of P
latts
burg
h on
Lak
e C
ham
plai
n in
New
Yor
k, th
e Am
eric
an n
avy
soun
dly
defe
ated
the
Briti
sh fl
eet.
And
on S
epte
mbe
r 13,
181
4, B
altim
ore’
s Fo
rt M
cHen
ry w
ithst
ood
25 h
ours
of
bom
bard
men
t by
the
Briti
sh N
avy.
The
follo
win
g m
orni
ng, t
he fo
rt’s
sold
iers
hoi
sted
an
enor
mou
s Am
eric
an fl
ag,
a si
ght t
hat i
nspi
red
Fran
cis
Scot
t Key
to w
rite
a po
em h
e tit
led
“The
Sta
r-Spa
ngle
d Ba
nner
.” (S
et to
the
tune
of
an o
ld E
nglis
h dr
inki
ng s
ong,
it w
ould
late
r be
adop
ted
as th
e U
.S. n
atio
nal a
nthe
m.)
Briti
sh fo
rces
sub
sequ
ently
2/
4
left
the
Che
sape
ake
Bay
and
bega
n ga
ther
ing
thei
r effo
rts fo
r a c
ampa
ign
agai
nst N
ew O
rlean
s.
En
d of
the
War
of 1
812
and
its Im
pact
By th
at ti
me,
pea
ce ta
lks
had
alre
ady
begu
n at
Ghe
nt (m
oder
n Be
lgiu
m),
and
Brita
in m
oved
for a
n ar
mis
tice
afte
r the
failu
re o
f the
ass
ault
on B
altim
ore.
In th
e ne
gotia
tions
that
follo
wed
, the
Uni
ted
Stat
es g
ave
up it
s
dem
ands
to e
nd im
pres
smen
t, w
hile
Brit
ain
prom
ised
to le
ave
Can
ada’
s bo
rder
s un
chan
ged
and
aban
don
effo
rts to
cre
ate
an In
dian
sta
te in
the
Nor
thw
est.
On
Dec
embe
r 24,
181
4, c
omm
issi
oner
s si
gned
the
Trea
ty o
f
War
of18
12An
swer
Shee
tR
ead
thro
ugh
the
arti
cle
first
. The
wor
ds t
o de
fine
are
in B
OLD
1.
Mat
chth
eco
rrec
tter
mto
itsde
finiti
on*
Chec
k al
l th
at a
pply
.
G
hent
, whi
ch w
ould
be
ratif
ied
the
follo
win
g Fe
brua
ry. O
n Ja
nuar
y 8,
181
5, u
naw
are
that
pea
ce h
ad b
een
conc
lude
d, B
ritis
h fo
rces
mou
nted
a m
ajor
atta
ck in
the
Battl
e of
New
Orle
ans,
onl
y to
mee
t with
def
eat a
t the
hand
s of
futu
re U
.S. p
resi
dent
And
rew
Jac
kson
’s a
rmy.
New
s of
the
battl
e bo
oste
d U
.S. m
oral
e an
d le
ft
Amer
ican
s w
ith th
e ta
ste
of v
icto
ry, d
espi
te th
e fa
ct th
at th
e co
untry
had
ach
ieve
d no
ne o
f its
pre
-war
obj
ectiv
es.
Impa
ct o
f the
War
of 1
812
Trr
eatty
off
Ghe
ntt
caus
ing
or
likel
y to
ca
use
an
argu
men
t;
cont
rove
rsia
l
the
act
of
coer
cing
so
meo
ne in
to
gove
rnm
ent
serv
ice
Peac
e T
reat
y en
ding
th
e W
ar
of 1
812
stro
ng d
islik
e of o
r pre
judi
ce
agai
nst
Engl
and
or
Bri
tain
.
a st
rong
su
pport
er o
f a
part
y,
caus
e, o
r pe
rso
n. 5
Thou
gh th
e W
ar o
f 181
2 is
rem
embe
red
as a
rela
tivel
y m
inor
con
flict
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
Brit
ain,
it lo
oms
larg
e fo
r Can
adia
ns a
nd fo
r Nat
ive
Amer
ican
s, w
ho s
ee it
as
a de
cisi
ve tu
rnin
g po
int i
n th
eir l
osin
g st
rugg
le to
gove
rn th
emse
lves
. In
fact
, the
war
had
a fa
r-rea
chin
g im
pact
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, as
the
Trea
ty o
f Ghe
nt e
nded
deca
des
of b
itter
par
tisan
infig
htin
g in
gov
ernm
ent a
nd u
sher
ed in
the
so-c
alle
d “E
ra o
f Goo
d Fe
elin
gs.”
The
war
also
mar
ked
the
dem
ise
of th
e Fe
dera
list P
arty
, whi
ch h
ad b
een
accu
sed
of b
eing
unp
atrio
tic fo
r its
ant
iwar
stan
ce, a
nd re
info
rced
a tr
aditi
on o
f Ang
loph
obia
that
had
beg
un d
urin
g th
e R
evol
utio
nary
War
. Per
haps
mos
t
impo
rtant
ly, t
he w
ar’s
out
com
e bo
oste
d na
tiona
l sel
f-con
fiden
ce a
nd e
ncou
rage
d th
e gr
owin
g sp
irit o
f Am
eric
an
expa
nsio
nism
that
wou
ld s
hape
the
bette
r par
t of t
he 1
9th
cent
ury.
Caus
esof
the
War
of18
12
2.
Wha
tcou
ntry
did
the
US
fight
durin
gth
eW
arof
1812
?
Mar
k on
ly o
ne o
val.
Fran
ce G
reat
Bri
tain
Spa
in
Can
ada
Spai
n
3.
Besi
des
the
US,
wha
tcou
ntry
was
Gre
atBr
itain
atw
arw
ithdu
ring
the
1800
's?
4.
List
3ca
uses
ofth
eW
arof
1812
.*
3/4
4/4
Ang
lloph
obi
ia
IImpr
ress
men
tt
Co
ntte
ntti
ious
Parr
ttiis
an
Batt
leso
f181
2
5.
Why
did
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
ssi
dew
ithBr
itain
?
Markon
lyon
eoval.
The
Briti
sh w
ere
bett
er t
rade
rs.
Ho
ped
to p
reve
nt A
mer
ican
s fr
om
movi
ng fu
rthe
r w
est.
Wan
ted
to jo
in t
he B
riti
sh in
, wha
t w
as t
hen,
Can
ada.
6.
Who
was
Pres
iden
tdur
ing
the
War
of18
12?
Markon
lyon
eoval.
Jam
es M
adis
on
Geo
rge
Was
hing
ton
Joh
n A
dam
s Th
omas
Jef
fers
on
7.
Why
was
Gre
atBr
itain
able
tofo
cus
allt
heir
effo
rts
onN
orth
Amer
ica
in18
14?
Markon
lyon
eoval.
Gre
at B
rita
in d
ecid
ed t
he w
ar w
ith
Fran
ce w
as fu
tile
. Nap
ole
on
was
def
eate
d an
d w
as n
o lo
nger
a t
hrea
t in
Eur
ope
. Gre
at B
rita
in
wan
ted
reve
nge
for
the
Rev
olu
tiona
ry W
ar.
8.
Wha
thap
pene
don
Augu
st24
th,1
814?
9.
Wha
twer
etw
ore
sults
ofth
eba
ttle
atFo
rtM
cHen
ry?
10.
Why
did
the
Batt
leof
New
Orle
ansh
appe
nin
Janu
ary,
1815
,eve
nth
ough
the
war
was
offic
ially
over
am
onth
befo
re?
Impa
cts
ofth
eW
arof
1812
11.
Wha
twas
NO
Ton
eim
pact
ofth
eW
arof
1812
? It
was
no
w m
ore
diff
icul
t for
Can
adia
ns a
nd N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s to
go
vern
them
selv
es.
Cre
ated
a fe
elin
g o
f pri
de a
nd c
onf
iden
ce thr
oug
hout
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
Bitt
er p
arti
san
fight
ing
ende
d, c
reat
ing
an "
Era
of G
ood-
Feel
ings
". E
nded
the
Fed
eral
ist
Part
y.
Enco
urag
ed A
mer
ican
exp
ansi
oni
sm.
Rei
nfo
rced
the
feel
ing
of A
nglo
pho
bia.
Impe
achm
ent
of
Pres
iden
tMad
iso
n.
Sum
mar
ize
12.
Expl
ain
the
caus
esof
the
War
of18
12an
dth
eIm
pact
sit
had
onth
eU
nite
71©
Kes
ler &
Whe
ato
n, 2
018
Alth
ough
it c
over
s onl
y ab
out s
ix pe
rcen
t of t
he E
arth
’s su
rface
, tro
pica
l rai
nfor
est e
cosy
stem
s co
ntai
n at
leas
t hal
f of a
ll the
pla
net’
s spe
cies
. Sad
ly, m
uch
of th
e ra
info
rest
is c
urre
ntly
bei
ng
burn
ed o
r cut
dow
n to
mak
e us
able
land
for g
row
ing
crop
s and
raisi
ng liv
esto
ck. A
hug
e co
ncer
n is
that
man
y of
the
plan
ts th
at a
re u
sed
for m
edic
inal
pur
pose
s are
des
troye
d b
efor
e th
eir v
alue
is e
ven
disc
over
ed.
Indi
geno
us p
eopl
e ha
ve u
sed
sham
an a
s the
ir do
ctor
s for
hun
dred
s of y
ears
to m
eet t
heir
heal
th
need
s. Th
ese
trad
ition
al h
eale
rs kn
ow th
e im
porta
nce
of th
e pl
ant
life
in th
e ra
info
rest
. The
y tre
at
both
phy
sical
and
psy
chol
ogic
al a
ilmen
ts u
sing
extra
cts f
rom
pla
nts c
omm
only
foun
d in
the
rain
fore
st.
Trop
ical
fore
sts h
ave
an im
pact
on
Wes
tern
med
icin
e as
wel
l. Th
ousa
nds o
f med
ical
com
poun
ds
pres
crib
ed b
y W
este
rn d
octo
rs d
eriv
e fro
m th
ese
plan
ts. T
hese
com
poun
ds a
re m
ade
from
the
extra
cts f
rom
pla
nts a
nd u
sed
dire
ctly
as d
rugs
. The
se d
rugs
ha
ve re
sulte
d in
bot
h pa
in re
lief
drug
s as w
ell a
s dru
gs th
at p
reve
nt th
e sp
read
of l
etha
l con
tagi
ons s
uch
as m
alar
ia. Q
uini
ne a
ids
the
cure
for m
alar
ia a
nd is
ext
ract
ed fr
om th
e ba
rk o
f the
cin
chon
a tre
e fo
und
in L
atin
Am
eric
a an
d A
frica
.
From
a p
oiso
nous
vin
e, sc
ient
ists h
ave
been
abl
e to
obt
ain
com
pou
nds w
hich
are
use
d to
trea
t di
seas
es su
ch a
s mul
tiple
scle
rosis
, Pa
rkin
son’
s, an
d ot
her m
uscl
e di
sord
ers.
A ro
sy p
eriw
inkl
e fro
m
Mad
agas
car p
rovi
des
impo
rtant
ant
i-tum
or a
gent
s for
bot
h ly
mph
ocyt
ic le
ukem
ia a
nd
Hodg
kin’
s Dise
ase
suffe
rers
. Cor
tison
e, a
n an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
dru
g, c
omes
from
wild
yam
s in
Mex
ico.
Thes
e ra
info
rest
pla
nts a
re im
porta
nt in
oth
er w
ays
. The
y ai
d sc
ient
ists i
n th
eir r
esea
rch
by h
elpi
ng
them
und
erst
and
how
can
cer c
ells
grow
. Oth
ers s
erve
as t
estin
g ag
ents
for p
oten
tially
har
mfu
l fo
od a
nd d
rug
pro
duc
ts. A
lso, t
wo
pota
to sp
ecie
s wer
e fo
und
that
pro
duc
e a
stic
ky su
bsta
nce
that
trap
s and
kills
inse
cts.
This
coul
d p
ossib
ly le
ad to
a n
ew ty
pe o
f pes
ticid
e.
The
issue
of l
osin
g a
sizab
le p
erce
ntag
e of
the
rain
fore
st
each
yea
r is a
val
id c
once
rn fo
r all o
f us.
It’s i
mpo
rtant
to
incr
ease
pub
lic re
cogn
ition
of t
his p
robl
em.
You
can
be a
par
t of t
he so
lutio
n by
edu
catin
g yo
urse
lf to
this
incr
easin
gly
conc
erni
ng
prob
lem
and
shar
ing
your
kno
wle
dge
with
ot
hers
.
As y
ou c
an
see,
ther
e a
re m
any
ben
efits
to
savi
ng th
e ra
info
rest
. The
re a
re so
man
y pl
ants
that
are
still
left
und
iscov
ered
. With
thei
r ex
tinct
ion,
a v
alua
ble
reso
urce
is lo
st. W
e m
ay
neve
r eve
n kn
ow th
eir p
ossib
ilitie
s.
72©
Kes
ler &
Whe
ato
n, 2
018
Ans
wer
the
ques
tions
bel
ow b
ased
on
the
artic
le a
bout
rain
fore
st m
edic
ines
.
CO
MPR
EHEN
SIO
N Q
UEST
ION
S:
1.
How
muc
h of
the
rain
fore
st c
over
s the
Ear
th’s
surfa
ce?
2.
Wha
t neg
ativ
e th
ing
is cu
rrent
ly h
appe
ning
to so
me
of th
e ra
info
rest
? 3.
W
hat i
s the
con
cern
raise
d re
gard
ing
the
dest
ruct
ion
of th
e ra
info
rest
? 4.
W
hat t
ype
of im
pac
t ha
s the
trop
ical
fore
sts h
ad o
n W
este
rn m
edic
ine?
5.
Wha
t is a
n ex
ampl
e of
a d
iseas
e th
at is
hel
ped
via
thes
e pl
ants
? 6.
Ho
w d
o yo
u fe
el a
bout
the
dest
ruct
ion
of p
arts
of t
he ra
info
rest
?
Min
i-PRO
JEC
T: R
AIN
FORE
ST L
ETTE
R N
ow th
at y
ou’re
fam
iliar w
ith so
me
of th
e be
nefit
s of r
ainf
ores
t med
icin
es, w
rite
a le
tter t
o on
e of
the
gove
rnm
ents
of a
co
untry
tha
t hou
ses t
he ra
info
rest
, let
ting
them
kno
w th
e im
porta
nce
of p
rote
ctin
g th
e ra
info
rest
. You
r let
ter s
houl
d in
clud
e:
Pr
oper
form
attin
g, p
unct
uatio
n, a
nd
gra
mm
ar
Th
ree
to fo
ur p
arag
raph
s (in
trodu
ctio
n,
bod
y, a
nd c
oncl
usio
n)
Fa
ctua
l evi
den
ce th
at s
uppo
rts e
ach
of
your
arg
umen
ts
M TWEE
K O
F: April2
0th24th
ONDA
Y Fr
om th
e 19
50s,
thro
ugh
the
60s a
nd 7
0s th
e US
A an
d th
e So
viet U
nion
co
mpe
ted
to in
wha
t was
call
ed th
e “sp
ace
race
”. Th
e So
viets
were
firs
t to
launc
h a
sate
llite
and
put a
man
in sp
ace,
but
late
r the
Am
erica
ns w
ere
able
to
send
men
to th
e m
oon.
Thi
s com
petit
ion
led to
muc
h re
sear
ch a
nd m
any
new
tech
nolo
gies
. How
do
you
view
com
petit
ion?
Can
it b
e a
posit
ive in
fluen
ce?
Did
you
kno
w?
Goat
Eyes
have
re
ctan
gula
r pupils
. Th
is a
llow
s the
go
ats t
o hav
e bet
ter
perip
hera
l vis
ion t
o sp
ot pr
edat
ors.
UESD
AY
In
Mol
ehill
Natio
nal P
ark,
the
majo
rity
of th
e wo
lves’
diet
is d
eer.
Ex
amin
e th
e gr
aph.
Exp
lain
what
is
happ
enin
g to
the
deer
pop
ulat
ion
(top
line)
and
the
wolf
popu
latio
n (b
otto
m lin
e) b
etwe
en 2
000
and
2004
.
Acco
rdin
g to
the
grap
h, w
hat t
rend
s do
you
see
in th
e de
er a
nd w
olf p
opul
atio
ns fr
om 2
004
to 2
008?
Wha
t do
you
thin
k will
happ
en to
the
deer
pop
ulat
ion
and
the
wolf
popu
latio
n fro
m 2
008
to 2
012?
Writ
e a
resp
onse
and
plo
t it o
n th
e gr
aph.
MT
WT
F
T
F
ete
the
o pl
W ED
NESD
AY
C le
M
y clas
smat
e M
e Ve
nn D
iagra
m b
y lis
ting
simila
rities
an
d di
ffere
nces
be
twee
n yo
u an
d a
class
mat
e or
sib
ling.
List
at
least
5 qu
alitie
s in
each
sect
ion.
Both
THUR
SDAY
CO
NTRO
VERS
IAL T
OPIC
: Al
l stu
dent
s sho
uld
be re
quire
d to
lear
n a
seco
nd la
ngua
ge in
scho
ol. S
tate
and
su
ppor
t you
r opi
nion
.
Did
you
kno
w?
As an
airc
raft e
xcee
ds
the s
peed
of so
und i
t ca
n for
m a
vapo
r con
e –
a clo
ud of
cond
ense
d wa
ter,
This
is als
o ca
lled
a “s
hock
colla
r”.
RIDA
Y Ex
plain
how
plan
es a
chiev
e flig
ht u
sing
term
inol
ogy
appr
opria
te fo
r a fi
ve y
ear o
ld c
hild
.
Wee
k 1
Answ
er S
heet
EL
A An
swer
s EL
A A
nsw
ers t
o la
st w
eek'
s pac
ket:
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
Mat
h W
eek
1 M
ath
Answ
er K
ey:
Sc
ienc
e (b
ase
answ
er) T
he re
st is
you
r bel
ief.
Mon
day-
Jos
eph
Aspd
in 1
824,
Tue
sday
- NAS
A M
athe
mat
icia
n of
firs
t US
Cre
wed
Spa
cefli
ght,
Wed
nesd
ay-
Your
cho
ices
, Thu
rsda
y- H
ypot
hesi
s w
rong
(mos
t wat
er d
id n
ot p
rodu
ce
talle
r pla
nt)/
2 in
ches
wat
er o
ptim
um. F
riday
- You
r inn
ovat
ions
. H
isto
ry:
RECA
LL F
ACTS
ABO
UT T
HOM
AS JE
FFER
SON
: 1.
ST
RICT
2.
AG
RICU
LTUR
E
READ
THE
ART
ICLE
ON
THE
LOU
ISIA
NA
PURC
HASE
AN
D AN
SWER
THE
FO
LLO
WIN
G:
1.
Fran
ce
2.
Spai
n 3.
Sp
ain
did
not d
evel
op th
e Lo
uisia
na T
errit
ory.
Brit
ain
cut S
pain
off
from
the
land
, so
Spai
n cr
eate
d a
secr
et tr
eaty
with
Fra
nce
to re
turn
the
land
bac
k to
Fra
nce.
4.
Na
pole
on
5.
They
wer
e af
raid
Fra
nce
was
goi
ng to
dom
inat
e th
e M
ississ
ippi
Riv
er a
nd N
ew
Orle
ans f
or tr
adin
g pu
rpos
es.
US N
EEDE
D TH
AT T
RADE
RO
UTE!
6.
W
hat 3
reas
ons d
id F
ranc
e of
fer t
o se
ll of
thei
r lan
d to
the
US?
1
. Fa
ilure
to p
ut d
own
a sla
ve re
belli
on in
Hai
ti
2
. Im
pend
ing
war
with
Brit
ain/
pro
babl
e Br
itish
blo
ckad
e
3
. Nee
ded
mon
ey
7.
$15
Mill
ion
(had
to a
dd th
ose
two
amou
nts u
p!)
Sum
it u
p! (O
n a
sepa
rate
pie
ce o
f pap
er o
r on
a di
ffere
nt d
oc)
Answ
ers 1.
Ba
sical
ly, N
apol
eon
need
ed th
e m
oney
and
the
land
was
w
orth
less
to h
im a
nd F
ranc
e. T
he U
S ne
eded
New
Orle
ans a
s a
trad
ing
rout
e. I
t was
the
best
land
dea
l the
US
ever
mad
e!
2.
This
is de
bata
ble.
Jef
fers
on h
ad a
stric
t int
erpr
etat
ion
of th
e Co
nstit
utio
n. T
here
was
not
hing
in th
e Co
nstit
utio
n th
at g
ave
the
pres
iden
t the
righ
t to
purc
hase
land
, the
refo
re, m
any
cong
ress
men
also
bel
ieve
d it
was
unc
onst
itutio
nal.
How
ever
, he
bel
ieve
d it
was
too
good
a d
eal t
o pa
ss u
p an
d al
ong
with
th
e su
ppor
t of a
maj
ority
of c
ongr
ess,
the
purc
hase
was
mad
e.
3.
Man
y an
swer
s: so
me
poss
ibili
ties
Mr.
Whi
te: B
and
8 Ac
tiviti
es, W
eek
2 Ap
ril 2
0 O
FFLI
NE
OPP
OR
TUN
ITIE
S Yo
ur D
aily
Rou
tine:
Pla
y w
ith P
urpo
se (+
/- 20
Min
utes
)
War
m U
p &
Fund
amen
tals
: Bre
athi
ng, T
one
Build
er, T
ongu
ing.
(3-5
min
utes
)
Play
for E
njoy
men
t: Yo
ur o
ld fa
vorit
es. (
3-5
min
utes
)
Prac
tice
Skill
Impr
ovem
ent:
Rhy
thm
(cou
nt-c
lap-
sing
), Pl
ayin
g Fl
uenc
y, (t
empo
, fin
ger p
atte
rns,
arti
cula
tion)
(10
min
utes
)
Play
for E
njoy
men
t: Yo
ur n
ewer
favo
rites
. (3-
5 m
inut
es)
8th
Gra
de B
and
Skill
Bui
lder
s an
d Tu
nes
To P
lay
W
arm
Up
& Fu
ndam
enta
ls: H
MS
Scal
e Pa
ttern
s ke
ys o
f Bb,
F, E
b, A
b, c
hrom
atic
sca
les
En
joym
ent:
Sinc
e yo
u do
n’t h
ave
the
book
, loo
k at
the
web
site
bel
ow fo
r tun
es
Skill
Impr
ovem
ent:
Use
the
artic
ulat
ion
patte
rns
in th
e sc
ale
patte
rns
pack
et w
hile
pla
ying
5-n
ote
scal
es fo
r spe
ed a
nd a
ccur
acy.
Pl
ay fo
r Enj
oym
ent:
Go
thro
ugh
you
shee
t mus
ic.
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
SKIL
L D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
(Anc
hor S
tand
ard
5. M
U:P
r 5.1
.8)
Rhy
thm
Tar
get:
Be
able
to c
lap,
cou
nt, s
ing
and
play
Six
teen
th n
ote
patt
erns
.
Writ
e in
cou
ntin
g an
d sy
llabl
es. C
lap
& c
ount
, & s
ing
sylla
bles
unt
il flu
ent.
N
otes
/Fin
gerin
g Ta
rget
s: B
e ab
le to
flue
ntly
pla
y C
once
rt C
Maj
or S
cale
Pat
tern
s
Rev
iew
Key
Sig
natu
re, n
ote
nam
es a
nd fi
nger
ings
for e
xerc
ise
conc
ert C
maj
or in
the
scal
e pa
ttern
s pa
cket
. Beg
in w
ith
the
5-no
te s
cale
s, th
en th
e oc
tave
s an
d ev
entu
ally
the
3rds
and
arp
eggi
os.
C
REA
TE, C
OM
POSE
or I
MPR
OVI
SE (A
ncho
r Sta
ndar
d 1.
MU
:Cr1
.1.8
) Y
our c
halle
nge
this
wee
k is
to c
hoos
e a
sim
ple
tune
you
can
pla
y fro
m m
emor
y su
ch a
s Tw
inkl
e Tw
inkl
e, Y
anke
e D
oodl
e,
Lond
on B
ridge
etc
. the
n C
reat
e Va
riatio
ns o
n yo
ur fa
mili
ar tu
ne o
r ‘th
eme’
mel
ody.
(Als
o se
e on
line
oppo
rtuni
ty b
elow
.) 1.
Pl
ay th
roug
h yo
ur tu
ne (Y
anke
e D
oodl
e or
wha
teve
r).
Expe
rimen
t with
cha
ngin
g th
e rh
ythm
and
add
ing
note
s to
cr
eate
1 o
r 2 o
f you
r ow
n va
riatio
ns o
f the
orig
inal
tune
. Sta
rt si
mpl
y, b
e pa
tient
and
per
sist
unt
il yo
u fig
ure
som
ethi
ng
out t
hat m
akes
mus
ical
sen
se.
2.
Reh
ears
e th
e or
igin
al th
eme
and
your
var
iatio
n(s)
unt
il flu
ent t
hen
perf
orm
for a
frie
nd o
r fam
ily m
embe
r, or
reco
rd
and
emai
l it t
o m
e.
O
NLI
NE
OPP
OR
TUN
ITIE
S Li
sten
and
Res
pond
to a
Per
form
ance
: Com
men
t on
moo
ds, f
eelin
gs a
nd m
usic
al e
lem
ents
you
hea
r. (M
u:R
e 8.
1.8)
M
ozar
t wro
te 1
2 va
riatio
ns o
n Tw
inkl
e, T
win
kle
Littl
e S
tar,
each
with
ver
y di
stin
ct s
tyle
s, te
mpo
, rhy
thm
, moo
ds o
r cha
ract
er.
Thre
e Y
outu
be v
ersi
ons
pres
ent d
iffer
ent p
erfo
rman
ce fo
rmat
s: O
ne p
laye
d by
a te
enag
e gi
rl, a
noth
er s
how
ing
the
pian
o pl
ayer
s ha
nds
with
gra
phic
not
atio
n, a
nd a
third
with
gra
phic
not
atio
n on
ly.
You
tube
Lin
ks:
1- g
irl p
layi
ng h
ttps:
//ww
w.y
outu
be.c
om/w
atch
?v=E
zvj-D
e6bx
Y
2- p
iano
han
ds h
ttps:
//ww
w.y
outu
be.c
om/w
atch
?v=h
CK
Bl-T
pRzc
3-
gra
phic
not
atio
n ht
tps:
//ww
w.y
outu
be.c
om/w
atch
?v=-
zUm
LUW
_gG
w
1.
Pi
ck o
ne (o
r mor
e) o
f the
vid
eos
to li
sten
and
wat
ch. N
umbe
r the
line
s on
a s
heet
of p
aper
from
1-1
2.
2.
As
you
liste
n, p
ay a
ttent
ion
to e
ach
diffe
rent
var
iatio
n an
d ho
w it
sou
nds
com
pare
d to
the
othe
rs.
3.
Writ
e a
brie
f com
men
t on
the
moo
d, fe
elin
g, m
usic
al c
hang
es o
r wha
t com
es to
min
d fo
r eac
h of
the
12 v
aria
tions
. 4.
(O
ptio
nal)
Find
som
eone
els
e to
do
the
sam
e ac
tivity
and
com
pare
you
r obs
erva
tions
with
the
irs.
VISI
T O
ne S
ize
Fits
All
Ban
d B
ooks
ON
LIN
E FR
EE B
AN
D M
USI
C W
EBSI
TE ‘O
SFA
B’ h
ttp://
ww
w.o
sfab
b.co
m/
Sea
rch
to V
iew
and
/or P
rint t
unes
at a
var
iety
of l
evel
s fo
r eac
h in
stru
men
t. It
also
has
sam
ple
reco
rdin
gs a
nd b
ackg
roun
d in
fo
on s
ome
song
s.
To N
avig
ate
the
Site
1.
H
ome
Page
: cho
ose
Free
Ban
d M
usic
tab
near
top.
2.
Th
is b
rings
up
a ta
ble
with
Alp
habe
tical
Mus
ic B
y Ti
tle
3.
Clic
k on
Rat
ing
to s
ort t
he m
usic
by
leve
l. 4.
C
lick
to c
hoos
e a
song
at y
our l
evel
. Beg
inne
rs s
houl
d st
art a
t .5
5.
On
the
song
pag
e:
a.
Sele
ct y
our i
nstru
men
t b.
Th
ere
may
be
an M
P3 re
cord
ing
to li
sten
to y
our s
ong
(left,
bot
tom
) c.
Th
ere
may
be
play
ing
tips
and
back
grou
nd in
form
atio
n (le
ft si
de)
6.
Whe
n yo
u se
lect
you
r ins
trum
ent a
win
dow
with
a d
uet a
ppea
rs. U
se th
e fu
ll sc
reen
, + a
nd -
butto
ns to
enl
arge
. You
can
als
o do
wnl
oad
or p
rint.
7.
Rea
dy, s
et P
LAY
Ex
plor
e tit
les
on y
our o
wn.
Rem
embe
r you
can
list
en a
nd p
lay
alon
g w
ith a
n M
P3
vers
ion
of m
ost s
ongs
.
Nam
e
HM
SCH
OIR
~W
eek
2
List
enin
g&
Criti
calR
espo
nses
toM
usic
Develop
ingacollectivewisdo
marou
ndapieceof
musicby
sharingan
observation.
SHOW
YOURTH
INKING.
5po
intspe
rrespo
nse.5Que
stions.U
setheba
ckof
thepa
pertoad
dto
your
respon
seifne
eded
…Aminim
umof
5senten
cesp
errespon
seisrequ
iredfor5
points.
Choo
sean
dLis
ten
toO
NE
ofth
efo
llow
ing
Mus
icch
oice
son
Yout
ube:
This
isM
e(c
hoir
vers
ion)
http
s://
yout
u.be
/kre
Lci2
6bY
Love
ly(c
hoir
vers
ion)
http
s://
yout
u.be
/a5Z
cQRw
EUO
EA
Thou
sand
Year
s(Ch
ristin
aPe
rri&
PS22
choi
rver
sion)
http
s://y
outu
.be/
tvV1
IOAm
zYw
*IF
you
cann
otfin
dth
ese
YOUT
UBE
vers
ions
,pick
ONE
song
onth
era
dio
that
hass
ong
lyric
stha
tgiv
eyo
ua
STRO
NGm
essa
geof
hope
orlo
vean
dus
eth
atto
answ
erth
efo
llow
ing
ques
tions
.Be
sure
tole
tme
know
your
song
choi
ce…
BESU
RETO
SING
ALO
NGIF
YOU
CAN…
.
SONG
CHO
ICE:
1.
Wha
tdo
you
notic
eab
outt
heso
ng?
(obs
erva
tions
inth
em
usic)
Just
gene
ralI
NTER
ESTI
NGTH
INGS
…
/5pt
s 2.
Wha
tdoe
sthe
mus
icre
min
dyo
uof
?–(
Ther
eis
NOW
RONG
ANSW
ER)
(am
emor
y,an
expe
rienc
e,a
stor
y?Do
esit
trig
gers
omet
hing
?)
/5pt
s 3.
Wha
tem
otio
nsdo
you
feel
whe
nyo
ulis
ten
toth
eso
ng?
/5pt
s 4.
Wha
tque
stio
nsdo
esth
eso
ngra
isein
your
min
d?
/5pt
s 5.
Wha
tmea
ning
orun
ders
tand
ing
isco
nvey
edin
this
song
?(W
hati
sthi
sson
gab
out)
/5pt
s
Build
ing
AFu
llSi
zeDe
ckO
verv
iew
Earli
erth
isye
ar,t
he1st
year
stud
ents
built
thei
row
nsc
ale
mod
elde
cksb
ydr
awin
ga
blue
prin
tand
usin
git
asan
inst
ruct
ion
shee
tto
com
plet
eth
eirp
roje
ct.A
tthe
sam
etim
e,th
ead
vanc
edst
uden
tsw
ere
star
ting
thei
rsca
lem
odel
hom
es,(
you
built
your
deck
slas
tyea
r).Fo
rthi
sass
ignm
ent,
we
are
allg
oing
tore
adab
outb
uild
ing
anac
tual
deck
and
lear
nab
outt
hete
rmsa
ndm
ater
ials
need
edto
doth
epr
ojec
t.W
ear
ego
ing
tolo
okat
how
tom
ake
alu
mbe
rlist
bym
easu
ring
the
leng
th,w
idth
and
heig
htof
the
deck
sow
ew
illkn
owho
wm
uch
and
wha
ttyp
esof
lum
ber w
ew
illne
edan
dw
here
itw
illgo
onth
epr
ojec
t.Iw
illal
soin
clude
apr
icech
artt
ofig
ure
outy
ourc
osts
sow
eca
nse
eho
wm
uch
you
wou
ldne
edto
save
upto
doyo
urpr
ojec
t.Th
roug
hout
this
proc
ess,
Iwill
have
som
eill
ustr
atio
nsto
help
you
see
wha
tth
ede
ckw
illlo
oklik
ean
dho
w/w
here
the
piec
esfit
.
Assig
nmen
tPar
tOne
Read
abou
tthe
deck
and
allo
fits
term
s.Un
ders
tand
how
and
whe
reth
ese
term
swill
appl
y.At
the
end
ofth
isas
signm
ent,
answ
erth
equ
estio
nsus
ing
this
pape
r.Ne
xtw
eek’
sles
son
will
beon
the
deck
size,
the
type
and
cost
ofth
elu
mbe
rto
use,
how
muc
hw
eigh
tyou
rdec
kw
illho
ldan
dho
wto
sket
chit
outa
ndbu
ildit.
The
Deck
Enjo
ying
your
deck
ona
beau
tiful
sum
mer
day
isth
epe
rfect
way
toen
tert
ain
gues
tsou
tsid
eor
just
unw
ind
and
rela
x.An
dw
hile
it’si
mpo
rtan
tto
have
ade
ckth
at’s
aest
hetic
ally
plea
sing
toyo
u,th
em
ostv
italp
arta
bout
your
deck
ism
akin
gsu
reit’
sstr
uctu
rally
soun
d.Th
atin
clude
skno
win
gth
edi
ffere
nce
betw
een
ajo
istan
da
rimjo
istan
dw
hat
purp
ose
they
serv
eto
your
deck
and
itsfu
nctio
nalit
yan
dsa
fety
.One
ofth
esin
gle
bigg
estp
robl
emsw
ithin
deck
build
ing
star
tsat
the
begi
nnin
gof
the
proc
ess.
Man
ydo
ityo
urse
lfers
thin
kth
eyca
nth
row
upa
few
boar
dsan
dca
llit
ade
ckw
ithou
tcon
sider
ing
loca
lbui
ldin
gco
des,
wei
ghtl
oads
,pro
perj
oist
fram
ing,
plan
king
,sup
port
,foo
tings
and
raili
ngs.
Ade
ckne
edst
obe
safe
and
mus
tsup
port
the
wei
ghto
fthe
peop
lean
dfu
rnitu
reon
it.Th
isre
quire
sade
ckde
sign
cust
omco
nfig
ured
toth
esp
ace
whe
reth
ede
ckw
illbe
.The
desig
nm
ustm
eetw
ithlo
calb
uild
ing
code
requ
irem
ents
toav
oid
pena
lties
and
fines
.Alw
aysg
eta
deck
build
ing
perm
itto
ensu
reco
mpl
ianc
ew
ithlo
call
aws.
Wha
tIsa
Joist
?
Joist
sare
the
repe
ated
stru
ctur
alm
embe
rsth
atar
eus
edto
build
ade
ckfr
ame.
The
min
imum
size
joist
tobe
used
inde
ckco
nstr
uctio
nde
pend
son
the
num
bero
ffoo
tings
and
beam
stha
twill
bein
stal
led.
Wha
tIsa
Rim
Joist
?
Arim
joist
isth
em
ain
load
bear
ing
elem
entf
orth
est
ruct
ural
soun
dnes
sofy
ourd
eck’
sroo
f.It’
snot
only
resp
onsib
lefo
rsup
port
ing
the
wei
ghto
fthe
joist
s,bu
toth
erbu
ildin
gel
emen
ts,a
swel
l.It
isat
tach
edpe
rpen
dicu
lar,
(two
lines
that
inte
rsec
tata
right
angl
eor
90de
gree
sto
each
othe
r),to
the
othe
rjoi
sts,
and
prov
ides
late
rals
uppo
rtfo
rthe
ends
ofth
ejo
istsw
hile
capp
ing
offt
heen
dof
the
floor
orde
cksy
stem
Deck
Joist
Spac
ing
Alo
tofq
uest
ions
revo
lve
arou
ndjo
istsw
hen
itco
mes
tobu
ildin
ga
deck
.Wha
tist
hepr
oper
plac
emen
t?Ho
wfa
rapa
rtar
ede
ckjo
istsp
lace
d?Ho
wdo
Ikee
pth
emev
en?
Inge
nera
lter
ms,
joist
sare
ata
mea
sure
dsp
ace
of16
inch
eson
cent
erto
com
ply
with
mos
tbui
ldin
gco
desf
orw
eigh
tdisp
lace
men
t.
Foot
ings
Foot
ings
are
ave
ryim
port
antc
ompo
nent
ofde
ckco
nstr
uctio
nbe
caus
eth
eypr
ovid
eth
eso
lidfo
unda
tion
that
will
supp
orty
ourd
eck.
Your
deck
’sde
sign
will
dete
rmin
eho
wliv
ean
dde
adlo
adsa
retr
ansf
erre
dfro
mdi
ffere
ntse
ctio
nsof
the
deck
toco
ncen
trat
edpo
ints
ofco
ntac
twith
the
grou
nd.T
hem
ore
foot
ings
your
deck
hast
odi
strib
ute
the
tota
lloa
d,th
ele
ssw
eigh
teac
hfo
otin
gw
illne
edto
carr
y.Fo
otin
gsal
soha
veto
bein
stal
led
low
erth
anth
efro
stlin
eto
prev
entt
hede
ckfro
mm
ovin
gw
hen
the
soil
freez
esin
the
win
ter.
Api
eris
ofte
nus
edas
anup
right
supp
ortt
oco
nnec
tthe
burie
dfo
otin
gpa
dto
the
stru
ctur
alpo
stab
ove
grad
e.Th
eso
ilco
nditi
onsa
ndth
ecli
mat
ew
illde
term
ine
the
size
and
dept
hof
your
foot
ings
.
Fros
tLin
e
Afro
stlin
e,al
sokn
own
asfr
ostd
epth
orfre
ezin
gde
pth,
ism
ostc
omm
only
the
dept
hto
whi
chth
egr
ound
wat
erin
soil
isex
pect
edto
freez
e.Th
efro
stde
pth
depe
ndso
nth
ecl
imat
icco
nditi
onso
fan
area
,the
heat
tran
sfer
prop
ertie
soft
heso
ilan
dad
jace
ntm
ater
ials,
and
onne
arby
heat
sour
ces.
Foro
urco
unty
,whi
chin
clude
sHoq
uiam
,the
frost
line
dept
his
betw
een
12to
18in
ches
.
Wei
ghtL
oads
The
load
that
ispl
aced
onyo
urde
ckis
expr
esse
din
poun
dspe
rsqu
are
foot
(psf
)and
the
tota
l loa
dor
mor
eap
prop
riate
ly,t
hede
sign
load
,isc
ompr
ised
ofth
ede
adlo
adan
dth
eliv
elo
ad.D
ead
load
isba
sical
lyth
elo
adcr
eate
dby
the
wei
ghto
fthe
deck
itsel
f.Th
isis
usua
llyab
out5
0ps
f.Th
eliv
elo
adis
the
exte
rnal
forc
eap
plie
dto
ade
ckdu
eto
the
activ
ities
ofits
use.
Peop
le,f
urni
ture
and
any
othe
rmov
able
,phy
sical
obje
ctso
nth
ede
ckar
eco
vere
dun
derl
ive
load
.
Deck
Boar
ds
Thes
ear
eth
ebo
ards
that
mak
eup
the
surfa
ceof
ade
ck.T
hede
ckin
gbo
ards
are
secu
red
toth
ejo
ists.
Loca
lBui
ldin
gCo
des
Build
ing
code
sare
defin
edas
: Ase
tofr
egul
atio
nsw
ritte
nby
city
orco
unty
offic
ials
with
the
help
ofco
nstr
uctio
npr
ofes
siona
lsth
atgo
vern
sthe
desig
n,co
nstr
uctio
nan
dm
odifi
catio
nof
com
mer
cialb
uild
ings
,hom
esan
dot
hers
truc
ture
sin
the
juris
dict
ion.
Viol
atin
gth
ese
regu
latio
nsca
nre
sult
infin
esan
d/or
pena
lties
and
wor
kst
oppa
geof
the
entir
epr
ojec
tunt
ilco
rrec
tions
are
mad
e.Yo
um
ayas
k,“W
hydo
we
need
tokn
owab
outb
uild
ing
code
s?”C
urre
ntly
,the
rear
eap
prox
imat
ely
40m
illio
nde
cksi
nth
eUn
ited
Stat
es,a
ndon
lyha
lfof
thos
ear
eco
deco
mpl
iant
.
Deck
safe
tyis
are
alpr
oble
m.E
very
year
we
hear
abou
tdec
ksth
atco
llaps
eun
dert
hew
eigh
t ofp
eopl
eor
snow
load
.Im
prop
erly
built
deck
scan
beda
nger
ous.
Loca
lcod
esw
ere
crea
ted
toke
epus
safe
,and
man
yex
istin
gde
cksd
ono
tmee
tcu
rren
tsaf
ety
code
s.
Wha
tisa
free
stan
ding
deck
?
Fora
deck
tobe
free
stan
ding
itre
ally
mus
tbe
unat
tach
edto
any
othe
rstr
uctu
relik
ea
hous
e.It
can
bew
ithin
3/4"
to1"
from
the
sidin
gor
exte
rioro
fthe
hous
ean
dap
pear
like
itis
conn
ecte
dto
anun
trai
ned
eye
buti
tist
ruly
freel
yst
andi
ngfro
mth
eho
use.
Ther
ear
epl
enty
ofve
rygo
odre
ason
stha
taho
meo
wne
rwou
ldlik
eto
have
afre
est
andi
ngde
ck.A
few
ofth
ebe
stre
ason
sare
soyo
udo
n’tt
rap
dirt
,moi
stur
ean
dot
herd
ebris
agai
nsty
ourh
ouse
,(w
hich
will
caus
ero
ttin
g).A
lsoby
not
atta
chin
git
toth
eho
use,
you
will
notb
ead
ding
any
extr
alo
adbe
arin
gw
eigh
tto
the
hous
est
ruct
ure
whi
chco
uld
requ
ireex
tra
stru
ctur
alsu
ppor
ts.O
neof
the
singl
ebi
gges
tpro
blem
swith
inde
ckbu
ildin
gst
arts
atth
ebe
ginn
ing
ofth
epr
oces
s.M
any
doit
your
selfe
rsth
ink
they
can
thro
wup
afe
wbo
ards
and
call
ita
deck
with
outc
onsid
erin
glo
calb
uild
ing
code
s,w
eigh
tloa
ds,p
rope
rjoi
stfra
min
g,pl
anki
ng,s
uppo
rt, f
ootin
gsan
dra
iling
s.
Ade
ckne
edst
obe
safe
and
mus
tsup
port
the
wei
ghto
fthe
peop
lean
dfu
rnitu
reon
it.Th
isre
quire
sade
ckde
sign
cust
omco
nfig
ured
toth
esp
ace
whe
reth
ede
ckw
illbe
.The
desig
nm
ustm
eetw
ithlo
calb
uild
ing
code
requ
irem
ents
toav
oid
pena
lties
and
fines
.Alw
aysg
eta
deck
build
ing
perm
itto
ensu
reco
mpl
ianc
ew
ithlo
call
aws.
Fram
ing
lum
ber,
unlik
em
oney
,doe
sgro
won
tree
s,so
ther
e'sa
lway
sthe
chan
ceit
will
have
som
ena
tura
ldef
ect,
such
asa
larg
ekn
otor
alo
ngsp
lit,t
hatc
anre
duce
itsov
eral
lstr
engt
h.Bu
tnot
alld
efec
tsar
eob
viou
s.Th
at's
why
ever
yst
ickof
lum
berc
omin
gou
tofa
saw
mill
isap
prai
sed
bytr
aine
din
spec
tors
and
give
na
grad
est
amp.
This
cryp
ticta
ttoo
indi
cate
stha
tapi
ece
ofw
ood
mee
tses
tabl
ished
stan
dard
sfor
stre
ngth
and
stiff
ness
,and
ital
soof
fers
usef
ulin
form
atio
nab
outt
hety
peof
woo
dan
dho
wm
uch
moi
stur
eit
cont
ains
.Fol
low
alon
gas
we
deco
deth
est
amp
and
show
you
how
toge
tthe
mos
tlum
berf
oryo
urm
oney
.
Read
ing
aLu
mbe
rSta
mp
1. Sp
ecie
s2.
Gra
de3.
Moi
stur
eco
nten
t4.
Cer
tific
atio
nm
ark
5. M
ill
1. S
peci
es
Deno
test
hew
ood'
sspe
cieso
ragr
oup
ofsp
ecie
swith
simila
rstr
engt
hs.W
hile
alls
pecie
sare
grad
edat
the
sam
efo
urle
vels
ofst
reng
than
dap
pear
ance
,the
yar
eno
tequ
ally
stro
ng.A
joist
mad
eof
Doug
lasf
ir,fo
rins
tanc
e,w
illco
vera
grea
ters
pan
than
ahe
mlo
ckjo
istof
the
sam
esiz
ean
dgr
ade.
Butu
sing
bigg
erjo
istso
fach
eape
rspe
ciesm
ight
save
you
mon
eyw
ithou
tlos
sofs
tren
gth.
The
abbr
evia
tions
forf
ram
ing
grad
eso
ftwoo
ds,f
rom
stro
nges
tto
wea
kest
,are
asfo
llow
s:Do
ugFi
r,D
Fir
L:Do
ugla
sfir
(L=w
este
rnla
rch)
SYP:
Sout
hern
pine
Hem
,Hem
fir,H
F:He
mlo
ckor
firS
PF:
Spru
ce,p
ine,
orfir
2. G
rade
Esta
blish
eslu
mbe
rqua
lity
base
don
agr
ader
'svi
sual
insp
ectio
n.Th
era
nkin
ggo
esfr
om"S
elec
tStr
uctu
ral"
(hig
hest
stre
ngth
,bes
tapp
eara
nce)
toNo
.1,N
o.2,
and
No.3
(low
ests
tren
gth,
notp
rett
y).A
sthe
num
bers
goup
,qua
lity
and
price
godo
wn.
"Stu
d"is
afif
thde
signa
tion,
mea
ning
it'sg
ood
fora
load
bear
ing
wal
l.Th
isOl
dHo
use
gene
ralc
ontr
acto
rTo
mSi
lva
usua
llybu
ysst
acks
ofNo
.2lu
mbe
r,w
hich
prov
ides
good
stre
ngth
ata
reas
onab
lepr
ice.
Thos
est
acks
also
inclu
deso
me
No.1
sand
Sele
cts,
tobo
ot.F
orde
man
ding
appl
icatio
ns,s
uch
asin
terio
rloa
dbe
arin
gw
alls,
he'll
pay
extr
afo
rthe
sest
rong
ergr
ades
.
3. M
oist
ure
Cont
ent
"Gre
en"u
nsea
sone
dlu
mbe
rfre
shfro
mth
em
illis
labe
led
eith
erai
rdrie
d(A
D)or
surf
ace
gree
n(S
GRN)
.Its
moi
stur
eco
nten
tof1
9pe
rcen
torm
ore
mak
esit
inex
pens
ive,
buti
tcan
mov
eun
pred
ictab
lyas
itsh
rinks
and
drie
s.Yo
u'll
getl
ess
mov
emen
twith
kiln
drie
d(K
D)or
surfa
cedr
y(S
DRY)
lum
ber,
whi
chha
sam
oist
ure
cont
entb
etw
een
16an
d19
perc
ent.
(KD
HTm
eans
the
woo
dw
asal
sohe
attr
eate
dto
kill
pest
s,a
requ
irem
entf
orim
port
edlu
mbe
r.)To
msa
vesm
oney
byor
derin
gS
GRN
woo
dw
hen
fram
ing
ane
who
use,
figur
ing
that
allt
hew
ood
will
aird
ryat
the
sam
epa
ce.B
utin
anex
istin
gho
use
whe
reth
efra
min
gis
alre
ady
dry,
he'll
use
mor
est
able
,and
mor
eco
stly
,KD
lum
ber,
orev
enM
C15
lum
ber,
whi
chha
sam
oist
ure
cont
ento
f15
perc
ento
rles
s.Th
etw
ore
mai
ning
desig
natio
nsen
able
grad
ing
agen
ciest
oen
forc
eth
eirs
tand
ards
.
4. C
ertif
icat
ion
Mar
k
Iden
tifie
sthe
accr
edite
dag
ency
oras
socia
tion
that
over
sees
grad
ing
accu
racy
,in
this
case
the
Natio
nalL
umbe
rGr
ades
Auth
ority
.
5. M
illGi
vest
hetr
adem
ark
ornu
mbe
roft
hem
illof
orig
in.
Que
stio
ns:
1. W
hati
sthe
mos
tvita
lpar
tabo
utyo
urde
ck?
2. W
hatd
om
any
doit
your
selfe
rsth
ink
they
can
do?
3. W
hich
repe
ated
stru
ctur
alm
embe
rsar
eus
edto
build
ade
ckfr
ame?
4. W
hich
boar
dis
atta
ched
perp
endi
cula
rto
the
othe
rboa
rds?
5. H
owm
any
inch
esap
arts
houl
djo
istsb
e?
6. W
hatm
akes
the
solid
foun
datio
nth
atw
illsu
ppor
tyou
rdec
k?
7. Fo
otin
gsha
veto
bein
stal
led
belo
ww
hat?
8. W
hati
sthe
fros
tlin
ede
pth
inHo
quia
m?
9. T
hew
eigh
tloa
don
your
deck
isex
pres
sed
inw
hatf
orm
at?
10. W
hatm
akes
upth
eliv
elo
adof
ade
ck?
11. W
hata
rebu
ildin
gco
des?
12. W
hydo
we
need
tokn
owab
outb
uild
ing
code
?
*Recycle at least one plastic item, one paper › item, and one metal item (canned food).
*Be a Power Saver! Turn off the lights, TV, or other plugged-in item when you leave a room.
*Be a Water Saver! Turn off the water while you are brushing your teeth. Take a shower instead of a bath to save water.
*Reuse! Use a reusable bottle instead of plastic water bottles.
*Don’t be a litterbug! Pick up trash (at least 10 items) around your school and neighborhood.
*Reuse! Use cloth/reusable bags instead of plastic grocery bags at the store.
*Reduce! Use both sides of your paper before you recycle it.
*Reduce! Use cloth towels instead of paper
©2013 Stephanie Peters
towels. handsonhappiness.blogspot.com
Earth Day Challenge