HORMONAL COORDINATION

pancreas

EFFECT OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE

• Normal condition: –Hormones are secreted by the endocrine

glands in sufficient quantities

• Hormonal Imbalance:–When there is a shortage or excess of

hormone production

Effect of Hormonal ImbalanceHORMONES SHORTAGE EFFECT EXCESSIVE EFFECT

Growth hormone (pituitary gland)

Dwarfism Gigantism

Thyroxine (thyroid gland) Low metabolic rateCretinism (children)GoiterLethargy

Higher metabolic rateIncrease in body temperature and heartbeatIrritability

Insulin (pancreas) Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia

Oestrogen and progesterone (ovaries)

Secondary sex characteristics are not well developed Irregular menstrual cycle

Overdeveloped of secondary sex characteristics

Testosterone ( testes) Secondary sex characteristic are not well developed including sex organ

Overdeveloped of secondary sex characteristics

Dwarfism

Gigantism

CRETINISM• they grow up stunted in height (kerdil) and

also mentally retardation (terencat akal)

Goiter

Diabetes

Hypoglycemia• An abnormally low level of sugar in the blood.• the oversecretion of insulin by the pancreas in response to a rapid rise in blood sugar or "glucose".

2.7

COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Comparison between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Similarities

Differences

• Both give responses towards stimuli• Both function in controlling and regulating

body activities

Information in the form of

The way information is carried around the

body

Speed of response

Effect duration

Target Organ

What would you do in this situation???

2.8 EFFECT OF DRUG

• Drug–Chemical substances that change the

function of the body–Act on the nervous system by altering

the movement of nerve impulses along the neurons–Affect the synapses between the

neurones

Effect of DrugsTYPES OF DRUG EXAMPLE OF DRUG EFFECTS OF DRUGS

Depressants -Tranquilisers-Barbiturates

-Delay reaction towards stimuli-Decrease stress-Help people to calm down

Stimulants -Amphetamines-Caffeine-Cocaine

- Increase metabolic rate- Stay awake or active

Hallucination -cannabis-Marijuana (ganja)-LSD

- Hallucination

Narcotics -Heroin-Morphine-Codeine

-Relieve pain-Induce sleep

Inhalants -Cleaning solvents-Glue-Paint thinner-Aerosol spray

-Hallucination and depression-Damage to brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, and other parts of the body

2.9 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

• Alcoholic drinks – Contain ethanol (type of alcohol)– Example:• Beer, wine, whisky, and champange

– Depressants that effect the functioning of nervous system and detrimental to our health

• Effect of excessive consumption of alcohol on body coordination– Slow down the transmission of impulse – Slow down brain activities which lead to • misjudgement, • a total loss of self-control, • temporary loss of memory, • and delaying reaction time

• Effect of excessive consumption of alcohol on health– Damage their brain, liver, stomach, and other

internal part of bodyORGANS EFFECTS

Brains -Brain damage-Rapid aging-Coma

Heart -Heart disease-High blood pressure-Stroke

Liver -Liver inflammation-Liver scarring

Stomach Stomach ulcer

• Important of avoiding – Have better health– Be free from addiction– Prevent accidents– Overcome family and social problems

2.10 IMPORTANCE OF A SOUND AND HEALTHY MIND

• Mind– Having the ability to think and reason

• Factors that affect the mind– External

• Social condition• environment

– Internal• Imbalance of hormone secretion• Brain injury• Intake chemical substance, consumption of drugs and alcohol