Hort 713 Innovative techniques Innovations new or latest things

Dr. C.M. Ayyub

Hort 713Innovative techniques Innovations new or latest things

SeedIn past importedNow hybridClean, graded, viabilityPacking, treatedCost highSeed sowing drill, planterManual, mechenicanizedBefore this seed gradingCleaningTreatmentManual machines now available

Land preparationNew implements introduced as compared to oldTraditional plough/ planter etc.Layout : ridger/ machine madeInterculture/ cultivationCrops wise tools/ medicine designed Bar harrow likeWeed controlOld tillage, burning, rotation, seed cleaningNew- Herbicides/ weedicidesSelective- now selectiveSystemetic contactPowder liquid , grannualesCost increased Labour increasedSide effectsDose- under/overSprayPowerful designed these daysCaaliberationIf rain- repeateDose- under/over- resistantProper chemicalProper techniqueTime of spray

Cost/ labour involvedPreventive measuresSide effectsResidual effectsPollination Nursery raisingOld, bed, broadcasted, flatNow livingTrays plug seedlingPlastic bagsCane shading netPrali etc.FYM etc.IrrigationWinter irrigation, plastic new, smokeSeedling/ translantingsPlanter drill inlivesBedBridgeOld -mannalNow -Transplanter (mechanized)Before thatIrrigation New- foliarDrip

JudgementSymptoms oldTensiometric nowFertilizer applicationOrganic old manual broadcastInorganic new- lives- machines- sensor are usedWith drip fertigation FermentFoliar applicationSticks/ slow releasing

Band applicationType single type ureaNow compound NPKJudgement Old judgement Equipments analysisMicro nutrients commercially available these days+ growth regulators

Growth promoters Applied for better growth Retardant inhibitorsSpecially in tunnelsSupportTraining et.Cotton sticks/ plant branches spread in field to train/ growth plants/ vegs ( kardi etc.)Now tieing in tunnels doriNetsIndividual stackingTrellises systemJustice (iron) wire, pegs are usedMulch natural- tillageNaturalorganic matterNow- paperPlastic black different colorsArtificial gravels etc. Wood shavingsMedia soil + FYMNow proper compost local availableImported material sterilized pH moistureComposting old on ground-pitNow add fertilizers M. Organisms Use plastic etc.Different materials used Packing -Size, packing material differentPesticides / insecticides old- rotationThen chemicalsNow organicBiologicalResistant varitiesTraps etc.

Forcing

Early, late plantng, smoke, irrigation Now vaes, Tunnel , low, walk-in, highHybridsChemical- to save plants against cold Nets to save in summer

HarvestingOld manual sickle, knife ? toolNow machines / combine harvester diggerThreshing old- beating animal/ human walkingThresher / machinesGrading / sorting manual Now graderWashing old-simple individuallyLarge scale trays/ pots /bagsmachines in factory

Packingsimple now -nylon- plastic bagBoxes card plasticTins etc. Transportation Old- cart loadsNow trolleys, vehicles-CA/ MA typeFor international ship by air

Storage common storageNow cold, CA, MA typeUse of chemicals in storeMarketing traditional ship-by airTagging / bar codeMaterial attraction cost pH life- warrantee / guarantee