horticulture study in tribal south gujarat region
TRANSCRIPT
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“Study On Horticulture Intervention of AKRSP (I) in Netrang, Tribal
South Gujarat Region”
Author
Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar
Host Organization
Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India)
Faculty Guide Reporting Officer
Prof. Ashok Gupta Mr. Sukumar R.
“A REPORT SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTERS IN RURAL MANAGEMENT”
School of Rural Management
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Management Traineeship Segment (MTS) I
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Approval Page
SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, KIIT UNIVERSITY
Bhubaneswar
The MTS Report of
Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar
Candidates for the degree of MBA Rural Management
Are hereby APPROVED
Prof. Ashok Gupta
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Acknowledgment
In preparing this report a considerable amount of thinking and informational
inputs from various sources were involved. I express our sincere gratitude to
everyone who contributed towards making this report possible.
First of all I would like to thank dignitaries of AKRSP (I), Mr. Sukumar R. for
giving me the guidelines for the successful completion of this report. I would
like to thank all cluster officer of AKRSP(I) for his valuable support and
feedback. I would also like to thank all our respondents for their response
without which this study couldn’t be possible.
I also take a special mention of faculty of KSRM, Prof. Ashok Gupta for his
valuable inputs.
At last, I extend my special thanks to my dear friends who actually made my
report on horticulture intervention a success.
Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar
Date –
Bhubaneswar
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Executive Summary
Title of Project: “Study on Horticulture Intervention of AKRSP (I) in Netrang, Tribal South
Gujarat Region”
Host Organization: - Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India)
Author: - Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar
Objective of the project:-
1. To understand the benefits made through horticulture crops supplements agriculture
livelihood among the tribal farmers of TSG region of AKRSP (I).
2. To analyze the financial and social changes on tribal community through horticulture
programme.
3. To analyze cost benefit and calculate breakeven point from the horticulture
intervention.
I have conducted case study of 20 beneficiaries who are involved in Mango wadi.
In the beginning Farmer didn’t show their Interest for mango-wadi but after 2-3 year getting
mango yield they got shown interest in mango-wadi and they have stated generating profit.
Many farmers got support of drip irrigation from AKRSP (I) but they didn’t use these
technologies in horticulture. There are 9 farmers who have doing cultivation of mango wadi
in 0.25 acre to 0.85 acre of land. While 10 farmers taken only for 0.85 to 1.75 acre of land for
mango wadi. Before horticulture intervention they used to follow traditional farming and
were getting low yields. But now condition of beneficiaries has changed, they are using
intercropping in mango-wadi. And they grow vegetables and cash crops and have irrigation
facility in their lands. Also, farmers are now showing interest in Mango-marketing so
AKRSP (I) is forming a federation for mango marketing in this area.
A storage facility should be made in this region for storage of fruits as the perishable &
getting good price fruits. Provide training programme & exposure visit on post harvest
management as especially on farm value addition. Provide suitable market for mango yield,
that they have to sell in the market and get good value for their producing yield.
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Table of content
Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Mango ....................................................................................................................... 14
1.1.1 Indian Varieties .................................................................................................. 14
1.2 Organizational Overview: .......................................................................................... 15
1.2.1 Organization Structure: ........................................................................................... 16
Chapter: 2 Literature Review............................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3: Methodology ...................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................................ 20
3.2.1. Selection of area: ............................................................................................... 20
3.2.2. Identification of project elements: ...................................................................... 21
3.2.3. Collection of primary data: ................................................................................ 21
3.2.4. Collection of Secondary Data: ........................................................................... 21
3.3 Methods of Data Analysis: ..................................................................................... 21
3.4. Limitations of the assignment: .............................................................................. 21
Chapter: 4 Findings & Analysis: ......................................................................................... 22
4.1 Land Holding pattern: ................................................................................................ 22
4.1.1 Area Utilized For Wadi: ...................................................................................... 23
4.2 Mango Survival Trees: .............................................................................................. 24
4.3 Average per Tree production of mango-wadi: ............................................................ 24
4.4 Mango-wadi average net returns: ............................................................................... 26
4.5 Breakeven point: ....................................................................................................... 27
4.6 Post Harvest Management ......................................................................................... 27
4.7 Changes in Income: ................................................................................................... 27
4.8 Migration Status: ....................................................................................................... 28
Chapter: 5 Conclusion & Recommendations: ...................................................................... 29
5.1 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................... 29
5.2 Recommendations: .................................................................................................... 30
Chapter: 6 Case Studies ....................................................................................................... 31
Case -6.1 Ajaybhai Hursimbhai ................................................................................... 31
Case-6.2 Balwant Umaid Vasava ................................................................................ 37
Case- 6.3: Bachubhai Gimia ........................................................................................ 41
Case- 6.4 Bhikubhai Varanashibhai Tadvi ................................................................... 46
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Case - 6. 5 Dhana bhai Dunger singh ........................................................................... 51
Case- 6.6 Dhanji bhai Kotania ..................................................................................... 56
Case-6.7 Dinesh bhai Navalbhai .................................................................................. 60
Case – 6. 8 Karansingh Damniya ................................................................................. 65
Case- 6.9 Dhanji bhai bhai Bondabhai ......................................................................... 69
Case-6.10 Kiranbhai Ganpatbhai Vasava ..................................................................... 73
Case -6.11 Lalubhai Jaisinghbhai Tade ........................................................................ 78
Case -6.12 Laxman Padvi ............................................................................................ 83
Graph: 6.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns ...................................................................... 85
Case - 6.13 Murji Kathodia .......................................................................................... 87
Case- 6.14 Rajesh Murji Vasava .................................................................................. 92
Case: 6. 15 Govind Surajibhai .................................................................................... 97
Case – 6. 16 Ramsingh Bablia ................................................................................... 103
Case- 6.17 Sakaram bhai Ganpatbhai Tadve .............................................................. 108
Case -6.18 Santu Shipa Choudhary ............................................................................ 112
Case- 6.19 Shiva Nuraji Vasava................................................................................ 117
Case- 6.20 Ukadia Jataria .......................................................................................... 121
Chapter: 7. References: ..................................................................................................... 126
Chapter: 8. ANNEXTURE ................................................................................................ 127
List of Tables
Table: 1.1 Annual Horticulture Development Rate in Gujarat .............................................. 12
Table: 1.2 Gujarat Position in some of the fruit and vegetable crops in all India productivity rank. .................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 1.3 District wise Estimated Area and Production of Mango Year 2010-11 in Gujarat . 13
Chart: 4.2.1 Mango Tree Survival ....................................................................................... 24
Table 5.1.1 Income through animal Husbandry: .................................................................. 33
Table 5.1.2. Intercropping cost & benefits analysis of mango-wadi: .................................... 33
Table: 5.2.1 Animal Husbandry: .......................................................................................... 39
Table: 5.2.2 intercropping of mango wadi ........................................................................... 39
Table: 5.3.1 Mango- Cost benefits analysis: ........................................................................ 44
Table: 5.4.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis ............................................................... 49
Table: 5.5.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis ............................................................... 54
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Table 5.6.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis: ............................................................... 58
Table: 5.7.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .............................................................. 63
Table: 5.8.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ............................................................. 68
Table:5.9.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ............................................................. 71
Table : 5.10.1 Animal Husbandry: ....................................................................................... 75
Table: 5.10.2 intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ........................................................... 76
Table: 5.11.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis ............................................................ 80
Table: 5.12.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis ............................................................ 85
Table: 5.13.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis ............................................................ 89
Table: 5.14.1 Animal Husbandry: ........................................................................................ 93
Table: 5.14.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis ............................................................ 95
Table: 5.15.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 101
Table: 5.16.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 106
Table: 5.17.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 110
Table: 5.18.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 115
Table: 5.19.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 119
Table: 5.20.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 123
List of Graphs
Graph: 4.1.1 Land Holding Pattern ...................................................................................... 23
Graph: 4.3.1 Average per tree production in TSG ................................................................ 26
Graph: 4.4.1 Average Net Returns: ...................................................................................... 26
Graph: 4.7.1 Migration Status ............................................................................................. 28
Graph: 5.1.1 Mango Production ......................................................................................... 32
Graph: 5.1.2 Wadi Net Returns: .......................................................................................... 36
Graph 5.2.1 Average per Tree production of mango ............................................................ 38
Graph: 5.2.2 Mango-wadi net returns .................................................................................. 39
Graph: 5.3.1 Average per Tree production ........................................................................... 43
Graph: 5.4.1 Average per graph production ......................................................................... 48
Graph: 5.4.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 49
Graph : 5.5.1 Average per graph production ........................................................................ 52
Graph : 5.5.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 53
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Graph: 5.6.1 Mango-wadi per Tree production: ................................................................... 57
Graph 5.6.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ................................................................................ 58
Graph: 5.7.1 Average per Tree production ........................................................................... 61
Graph: 5.7.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 62
Graph: 5.8.1 Mango-wadi Net Income: ............................................................................... 67
Graph: 5.9.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 71
Graph: 5.10 average per tree production .............................................................................. 75
Graph: 5.10.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ............................................................................. 76
Graph: 5.11.1 Mango-wadi Production chart: ...................................................................... 80
Graph: 5.11.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns Table: ................................................................... 82
Graph: 5.12.1 mango production average ............................................................................ 84
Graph: 5.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns: ............................................................................ 85
Graph: 5.13.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ............................................................................. 89
Graph: 5.14.2 Average per Tree production ......................................................................... 94
Graph 5.14.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 95
Graph: 5.15.1 Average per Tree production ......................................................................... 99
Graph 5.15.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 99
Graph: 5.16.1 Average per Tree production ....................................................................... 104
Graph: 5.16.2 Mango-wadi Net-Returns Charts: ................................................................ 105
Graph: 5.17.1 Mango-wadi production table: .................................................................... 109
Graph: 5.17.2 Mango-wadi net retuns ................................................................................ 110
Graph: 5.18.1 Mango Production: ..................................................................................... 113
Graph: 5.18.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ........................................................................... 114
Graph: 5.19.1 mango production ....................................................................................... 118
Graph: 5.19.2 Mango-wadi net returns: ............................................................................. 119
Graph: 5.20.1 Mango average per Tree production ............................................................ 122
Graph: 5.20.2 Wadi net returns .......................................................................................... 125
List of Chart:
Chart: 4.1.2 Area Utilize for wadi ....................................................................................... 23
Chart: 4.5.1 breakeven point................................................................................................ 27
Chart : 5.15.1 Mango-wadi paid out cost: ............................................................................ 98
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ABBREVIATIONS
AKRSP (I): Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India
GJ: Gujarat
BCR: Benefit cost ratio
C: Cost
TC: Total Cost
TVC: Total Variable Cost
GR: Gross Return
BEP: Break even point
TSG: Tribal South Gujarat
NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
APMC: Agriculture Produce Market Committees
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Chapter 1: Introduction Gujarat has about 94.99 lakh Ha1 (as per 2010 data) of the total area of the state under
cultivation. The area under irrigation is about 33% of the net area sown, while rest of area is
cultivated under rain fed conditions. Thus, there is large area dependence on rain in the
Gujarat. Horticulture is a priority sector in Agriculture by virtue of its vast potential in
improving the Socio – economic conditions of the farmers.
The horticulture sector is supplier for large number of agro 2based industries which has high
avenues for generation of skill full employment and self employment opportunities both in
rural and urban areas. Gujarat has a wide variety of soil, rainfall pattern, temperature regimes
and irrigation availability.
“Presently, India is the 2nd largest producer of fruits & vegetables in the world3.”
Gujarat has achieved considerable growth rate in horticulture during last five years because
of serious efforts made by the Gujarat Govt. The area & production of horticulture crop was
5.89 lakh ha (5 %of total cropped area) & 59.49 lakh tons in 1998-1999 which increased up
to 13.54 lakh ha. and 173.00 lakh tons respectively in 2010-11. Gujarat has strong
cooperative credit & marketing structure, along with 265 cold storages having 12.50 lakh mt.
storage capacities. About 42 fruit & vegetable co-operative marketing societies and 197
Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMCs) dealing with selling & buying of
horticulture produce in the Gujarat. These have been mandate to maintain utmost
transparency for dealing to ensure farmers against exploitation by middlemen.
Agriculture Export Zone for dehydrated onion & zone for fruits - vegetables has been
established, which will be the back bone to boost horticultural development in the Gujarat.
Gujarat having ample potential to export various horticultural produce. The main produce are
fresh fruits which includes mangoes (Kesar and Alphonso), Chiku, Aonla and Dates (khalal).
The vegetables viz. okra, beans, bitter gourd, onion fresh as well as flacks and powder, garlic
powder and gourds.. The spices viz. cumin, fennel and garlic are also potential for export.
1 http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/department/overview151.html 2 url://www.agri.gujarat.gov.in 3 www.nhm.nic.in
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In floriculture, major flowers grown in the state are Roses (Deshi & Hybrid), Lily, Marigold,
Jasmine & Tuberose. As far as area under floriculture is concerned about 15000 ha area is
covered under these crops in the Gujarat. Flowers like carnation, gerbera & rose are also
cultivated by using Hi-tech Green house technology in some of the districts. Isabgol,
Aloevera, Senna, Gugal, Safed musali, Ashvagandha, Kadu-kariyatu, Kaucha, and kalmegh
etc. are being mainly cultivated in the different parts of the Gujarat. But the assure market is
the major constraints for the development of these crops, however, Isabgul has find the way
to the world market.
Dehydrated vegetables, canned vegetables, Mango Pulp, Juices, Pickles - chuteny (Sauce) &
ketchup are the important processed products of the Gujarat. Onion dehydration industry of
the state is biggest in the country & it comprises 80% of total onion dehydration units, which
process nearly one lakh ton onion and one lakh ton fruits and vegetables annually. Nearly half
of the produce is being exported. Approximately 0.10 lakh ton of Isubgul husk is processed
and 0.06 lakh ton of husk is exported to various countries. Mango, Banana, Guava, Chikoo,
Papaya, Potato, Onion, Garlic, Cumin, Fennel, & Isabgul are the focused crops for the value
addition.
Grapes, cashew, medicinal & aromatic crops like aloevera, palmarosa are emerging as a
potential- new crops in suitable areas of the Gujarat. Investment in Greenhouses, floriculture
& medicinal plant projects, tissue culture units, fruit & vegetable processing units are
initiated in the Gujarat which show shining future of horticulture in the Gujarat.
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Table: 1.1 Annual Horticulture Development Rate in Gujarat
Year Production (Lakh M. Tan) Annual Development Rate
1993-94 42.5 -
1994-95 44.3 4.2
1995-96 46.8 5.6
1996-97 42.7 -8.8
1997-98 47.8 11.9
1998-99 59.0 23.4
1999-2000 52.8 -10.5
2000-01 55.6 5.3
2001-02 61.0 9.7
2002-03 66.9 9.7
2003-04 85.1 27.2
2004-05 93.5 9.9
2005-06 115.46 23.5
2006-07 121.04 4.8
2007-08 144.74 16.3
2007-08 138.03 -4.63
Average
8.72
(Source NHB Data base 2008)
Table: 1.2 Gujarat Position in some of the fruit and vegetable crops in all India
productivity rank.
Crop Productivity (t / ha) Rank
Gujarat India
Onion 26.6 15.1 1
Potato 22.9 19.3 2
Banana 54.8 35.9 2
Mango 24.0 17.9 2
Pomegranate 8.5 6.3 3
Tomato 10.2 7.0 3
Guava 15.2 11.1 3
Lime 10.42 8.5 3
Papaya 43.7 33.4 4
(Source NHB Data base 2009)
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Table 1.3 District wise Estimated Area and Production of Mango Year 2010-11 in
Gujarat
S.No. Name of
District
Area in Hect. Prod (In M.T.)
1 Ahmadabad 240 723
2 Amreli 6480 40500
3 Banaskantha 510 1479
4 Bharuch 2866 24132
5 Narmada 3150 14175
6 Bhavnagar 6080 42742
7 Dang 3300 19800
8 Gandhinagar 1018 8755
9 Jamnagar 451 4239
10 Junagadh 19784 157700
11 Porbandar 225 2115
12 Kutch 8020 57824
13 Kheda 922 9220
14 Anand 2390 9560
15 Mehsana 934 5697
16 Patan 80 200
17 Panchmahal 2300 13800
18 Dahod 2580 13158
19 Rajkot 366 1281
20 Sabarkantha 3224 25889
21 Surat 7512 60096
22 Surendranagar 690 3105
23 Baroda 5675 34050
24 Valsad 26250 154875
25 Navsari 20922 177837
26 Tapi 4050 28350
TOTAL 130019 911302
(Source: url://www.agri.gujarat.gov.in)
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1.1 Mango Mango is the most important fruit covering about 35 per cent of area and accounting of 22 per
cent total production of total fruits in the country, which is highest in the world with India's share
of about 54%. India has the richest collection of mango cultivars. Major mango growing States
are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The main varieties of mango grown in the country are
Alphanso, Dashehari, Langra, Fajli, Chausa, Totapuri, Neelum etc
1.1.1 Indian Varieties
There are nearly 1000 mango varieties in India. Only about 20 varieties are grown
commercially. Most of the Indian mango varieties have specific ecogeographical
requirements for optimum growth and fruiting.
Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Bombay Green and Fazri in north India; Banganapalli, Totapuri,
Neelum, Pairi, Suvarnarekha, Mulgoa, Kalapadi and Rumani in south India; Alphonso,
Kesar, Mankurad, Fernandin’ and ‘Vanraj’ in western India and ‘Langra’, ‘Fazri; ‘Chausa’,
‘Zardalu’, ‘Himsagar’ and ‘Malda’ in eastern India are grown commercially.
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1.2 Organizational Overview: The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India) is a non-profit, Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO) and established in 1983 under the section 25 of Companies Registration
Act. AKRSP (I) began its field operation in 1985 and has since become one of the larger
grassroots NGOs in India. The organization is working with economically vulnerable and
environmentally fragile people of the Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. It has innovated
and pioneered several efforts in areas such as participatory irrigation management (PIM),
integrated wadi development (IWADP), system of rice intensification (SRI), joint forest
management (JFM), rain roof water harvesting structure (RRWHS), watershed development,
preventing salinity ingress, Jeevika, forest right act (FRA), alternative energy and many more
to empower rural women and marginalized communities.
AKRSP (I) follows a participatory approach of development. As per the organization’s
mission, rural people are involved in every stage of a project, from identification of the
problem to project formulation, implementation and management. AKRSP (I) works to
involve villagers in the project through Village institutions, Participatory Rural Appraisal
(PRA), village development assistants who are selected by the village institution, training and
mobilizing people to contribute towards their village development.
AKRSP (I) programmes are divided into two interrelated stream, Natural Resource
Management (NRM) and Human Resource Management (HRM). The objective of the NRM
programme is to increase rural income by providing access to knowledge and input material
for the cost effective and environmental friendlily ways to improve their output from land,
water and forest resource. It is interesting that all the NRM programmes are implemented
through Village institution and the people participation with proper transparency and
monitoring. NRM programmes mainly consist of Agriculture, Forestry, Water Resource
Development, Soil and Water Conservation and Biogas.
The objective of the HRM programme is to help rural people to develop organizational skills
like systems and structure to manage their resources in an equitable and sustainable manner.
Under HRM the major programmes are formation of various Village institutions (e.g. Mahila
Munch, Mahila Vikash Mandal, Gram Vikash Mandal, Farmers Club, Farmers Cooperative
and Producer Company), gender development, computer and craft making skills etc.
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1.2.1 Organization Structure: Organization structure of the AKRSP (I) is professionally well defined. AKRSP (I) is
working on three hierarchy level namely it is called Central Office, Spear Head Team (SHT)
and Cluster Office. The Central office (headed by CEO) is located in Ahmadabad which has a
team of senior specialists of various programmes i.e. community mobilizing, agriculture,
forestry, soil & water conservation, water resource development, biogas, microfinance and
micro-enterprise development etc. along with accounts, administration, monitoring and
human resource development, which are further supported by secretarial and other staffs.
AKRSP (I) is mainly working in seven districts of Gujarat i.e. Bharuch, Surat, Narmada,
Surendranager, Dang, Jamnagar and Junagadh, apart from these it also has outreach in and
Khandwa, Barwani, Burhanpur and Khargone districts of MP further in Samastipur and
Muzaffarpur districts of Bihar also. AKRSP (I) is operating in these districts through field
teams called Spear Head Team (SHT) and it is headed by Area manager (AM) and
Programme Specialists of various discipline which is further supported by accounts,
administration and other staffs.
AKRSP (I) believes in decentralize way of work and decision making, hence the field team
have further been decentralized into small groups comprising experts of different disciples
and called Cluster Office (CO) which is headed by Cluster Manager (CM). The team
structure at the field offices is similar to the central office but there are differences in the
level of experiences and qualification.
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Chapter: 2 Literature Review The implementation of comprehensive Tribal Development Programmes in Gujarat since
1995 and in Maharashtra since 2000 had provided several insights for NABARD in framing
strategies for holistic development of tribal regions. The Tribal Development Programmes
were externally supported by German bank, KfW (Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau) who
have chosen NABARD as Indian partner and project implementation at ground level was
taken up by BAIF, one of the renowned nongovernmental organizations in natural resource
management sector.
The central focus of the ADPs is “wadi” (small orchard) together with suitable soil
conservation, water resource development measures and other measures for improving the
quality of tribal life such as community health & sanitation, women development,
institutional development, etc. The wadi model has been acclaimed worldwide as a
sustainable and replicable model for poverty alleviation. The project was presented as a
successful replicable model for poverty alleviation in the developing countries at the UNDP
Forum of Ministers for Poverty and Environment in New York, USA in 1999 as well as at the
Global Dialogue in Hanover, Germany. This project was also exhibited in the “Basic Needs
Pavilion” at the Expo-2000, GmbH, Hanover.
The "Wadi" programme sponsored by Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (KfW), Germany is
under implementation in two states: Gujarat since 1995: Valsad (Dharampur & Kaprada
blocks) and Dangs Maharashtra since 2000: Nasik (Peint, Triambak & Surgana blocks) and
Thane (Mokhada block). Since 2007 another Wadi Programme has been launched in Dangs
and Valsad districts of Gujarat named as ADPG - Phase 2 with the financial assistance from
KFW Germany.
Dr. Manibhai Desai, the Founder of BAIF came across the tribals of Vansda block in south
Gujarat in the mid 70‟s and realized that inspite of receiving relief from time to time from
various donor agencies, their quality of life has sharply declined. He also observed that in the
process of harnessing the benefit of relief measures, the tribal families had lost confidence in
them and were suffering from a dependency syndrome. He also noticed that most of the
tribal’s, both – men as well as women had turned to alcohol mostly brewed from local mahua
flowers to drown their miseries and to overcome starvation. Illiteracy, starvation and ill-
health became a way of life for these unfortunate tribals. To reverse this process, he launched
a programme to rehabilitate these tribal families on their own lands through reforestation.
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This ambitious project was sanctioned by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,
Government of India with the objective of establishing fuel wood plantations on the degraded
private lands owned by the tribal’s. However, the response from the target families was very
lukewarm. They were also doubtful about the viability of the programme to generate income.
Hence, extensive dialogues were carried out between the BAIF field staff and tribal families
to identify their needs. The tribal’s expressed their preference for fruit trees instead of
forestry species. Thus, a new model was developed to combine fruit trees as the main crop
and forestry species on bunds and borders. As BAIF had put a condition that only those
willing to give up alcohol could participate in the programme, the initial response was poor
and the programme was started with only 42 families. Food security during the gestation
period was posing a major concern and hence inter-cropping was introduced. Some wage
support was also provided even for working on their own fields as they had no surplus money
even to buy their ration.
A multi-disciplinary project was launched with the support of CAPART in 1988. This project
made a significant impact in the surrounding villages. The programme did bring a significant
improvement in the quality of life. As anticipated, women played a leading role which
contributed to the success. Extension Officers visited the field regularly not only to advise
and ensure better growth of the plants but also to motivate them to sustain their hard work.
Formation of Self Help Groups of women and men, establishing village level planning
committees to organize essential support services and linkages of these groups with financial
institutions were the other components to implement the programme more efficiently.
Finally, it was felt necessary to find a reliable market for the produce once the trees started
bearing after 4-5 years.
The Hunger Project (USA) provided finance to support 1000 families in the adjoining
villages in Vansda block. German Development Bank (KfW) provided a major support under
bilateral assistance through NABARD for replicating the programme in 150 villages in
Vansda, Dharampur and Dangs. Suitability of different fruit crops were studied through
action-research. Initially, the tribal’s preferred mango. Subsequently, after seeing the field
demonstration, they accepted other fruit crops such as cashew, Indian gooseberry, custard
apple, tamarind, jujube (ber), depending on the soil productivity and availability of moisture.
Over the last two decades, the wadi has been transformed into a multidisciplinary programme
for rehabilitation. The essence is to provide sustainable livelihood from an acre (0.4 ha) of
land for the participating poor family. Each wadi owner can earn Rs 20,000-25,000 annually
from this small plot of land, once the trees start bearing fruits. There are further opportunities
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to enhance the income through other supplementary activities. Initially, motivation, imparting
skills and providing critical inputs were the key components. Providing means of livelihood
during the gestation period was very critical. This is being organized through promotion of
agriculture in the inter-space, introduction of short gestation cash crops, processing of food
and herbal medicines, livestock and poultry husbandry are some of the opportunities which
helped the participating families to generate income till the orchards started bearing fruits.
Micro-credit is being organized through SHGs and their linkage with financial institutions to
take up these activities. During this process, local organizations are also strengthened and
linked with the external world, particularly the Government development agencies, financial
institutions, market outlets and Panchayati Raj instituitons. Thus they will be able to continue
their responsibilities even after completion of the project.
Presently, wadi is a major programme of socio-economic rehabilitation of the tribal’s and
other backward sections of the society. The programme has relevance for all sections of the
society and is replicable throughout the country. Wadi is not only a programme for providing
food security and ecological restoration, but it is also a strong foundation to build the local
capabilities to initiate other community development programmes for socio-economic
development. It is a programme demonstrating the feasibility of ecological restoration with
poverty eradication. Naturally, the impact of this programme can be measured in terms of
additional employment generation, increase in the family income, and reduction in migration,
food security, good health, improved literacy, greater awareness and high moral values. Many
women and men have occupied important positions in Panchayati Raj Institutions and local
cooperatives. The programme addresses the problems of the poor which can be replicated
throughout the country. It provides sustainable income, clean environment and better quality
of life.
20
Chapter 3: Methodology The study entailed a detailed review of literature together with collection and analysis of
primary and secondary data. Sample design acknowledges sample collection, both primary
and secondary data and deciding tools for data collection to identify cost benefit and break
even Points. Field work includes survey through structured questionnaire with personal
interview and general discussion.
3.1 Research Design South Gujarat region was selected for the research on horticulture crops specifically mango
grown in that area. The reason for the selection is that, AKRSP (I) has works last 10 years on
wadi project in this region. And this project timeline will be complete end of this year.
3.2.1. Selection of area:
The project implementation area is tribal South Gujarat Region, but selected area for making
case study in Surat dist. Block Mandvi and Umarpada, in Bharuch dist. Valia block and in
Narmada dist. Dediapada and Sagbara block.
21
Above map shows that working area of wadi-project. Project needed to visit all highlighted
area in map especially mango-wadi covered from these areas.
3.2.2. Identification of project elements:
Primary research is done on the basis of the project elements; the institutional linkages of the
project such as Seedlings, planting material, fertilizers, and pesticides and for availability of
input supplier, and then AKRSP (I) officials for find out the procedural plans for monitoring
and EC funding of project.
3.2.3. Collection of primary data:
Primary data are collected through structured questionnaire with personal interview. The
questionnaire was checked beforehand and necessary corrections were made. The revised
questionnaire was finalized for survey. Interviews and general discussions were conducted
about some facts, issues before and present situation of the Mango-wadi.
3.2.4. Collection of Secondary Data:
The most valuable secondary sources of information collected from AKRSP (I) office,
website of Horticulture, ministry of Horticulture, department of Horticulture, wadi and State
Horticulture Board. A detailed personal interview conducted in three dist. of Surat, Narmada,
Bharuch.
3.3 Methods of Data Analysis:
Excel is used as a major tool for analysis of primary data. The other tools like averages,
percentage, profit and loss account, Gross Return, Return Over paid out cost, total variable
cost, benefit cost ratio, internal rate of return, net present value by different financial ratio
analysis and sensitivity analysis for risk.
3.4. Limitations of the assignment:
1. Reach to the tribal areas of the project where transportation is difficult. Due to lack of
transportation facility.
2. At length interviews of the mango-wadi owners were not possible due to time
constraint on the part of the interviewee.
3. Gap of communication
22
Chapter: 4 Findings & Analysis: In 1997, boundary plantation of mango trees was started in Netrang cluster of Gujarat state.
Then the wadi project came in existence by AKRSP (I) in 2002 in following cluster.
Following table shows all the beneficiaries covered under wadi project in different cluster of
Gujarat state and area covered in each cluster, provided saplings and their survival rate.
Table 4.1: Horticulture beneficiaries of TSG
Cluster Name Total Beneficiaries
Area (In Hect.) Provided Saplings
Saplings Survival (%)
Dediyapada 4430 332.21 94080 78.42
Mandvi 1710 235.24 26962 85.60
Netrang 2549 220.36 67854 60.42
Sagbara 4524 757.98 99896 89.32
Umarpada 1289 66.6 4404 96.84
Grand Total 14502 1612.39 293196 82.54
(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)
4.1 Land Holding pattern: Cropping pattern of these clusters is more dependent upon rain water than irrigation sources
like open well, canal and tube well. In irrigated land, near about sixty percent of land is used
for agriculture and remaining for horticulture. Where farming is totally based on rain water,
people do only agriculture and no one does horticulture in rain fed, they want irrigation
source for doing horticulture.
23
Graph: 4.1.1 Land Holding Pattern
(Source: Survey)
4.1.1 Area Utilized For Wadi:
Wadi project is the new intervention come in picture for development in horticulture. Farmers
have taken wadi of 0.5-2.5 acre and they are doing intercropping in between mango-wadi. It
was found that near about fifty percent people is doing wadi in 0.85 to 1.75 acre of land.
After that 45% of are doing in 0.1 to 0.84 acre of land. And only one person is found that he
doing wadi in more than 1.76 acre of land. In that, farmers take intercrops like paddy,
vegetables, red gram, maize, Soybean, wheat, cotton etc so this becomes their additional
income. In first year AKRSP (I) give input cost for making mango-wadi, also farmers used
firm yard manure to in it .
Chart: 4.1.2 Area Utilize for wadi
(Source: Survey)
24
4.2 Mango Survival Trees: Mango-wadi project started in 2002 but some people got mango boundary plantation in 1997
as well as in 2002. AKRSP (I) has given mango inputs like Seedlings, Fertilizer, Equipments,
Pesticides, Drip irrigation and more. Some seedlings died within 2-3 years and AKRSP (I)
provided new seedlings to maintain wadi.
Data collection five cluster was done of Netrang, Dediyapada, Sagbara, Mandvi, Umarpada
based on personal interview of 20 beneficiaries of mango wadi. Mango survival rate is 91%
and it is good survival rate due support of AKRSP (I) to farmers like replantation.
Chart: 4.2.1 Mango Tree Survival
(Source: Survey)
4.3 Average per Tree production of mango-wadi: Last eight year(2004-2012) data shows that, production per tree started as below:
In Dediyapada cluster production started from 2007 and of mango production was very less
in the first three years and every year slightly increasing but later in the fifth year, production
increased up to thrice than the third year. The highest production of the Dediyapada cluster
was 14 kg per Tree.
In Sagbara cluster the production started from 2007 and in first year farmers got 10 Kg per
tree production but next year the production reduced and then every year production
increased. Last year 17 KG was the average per tree production
In Mandvi cluster production started from 2008, productivity here was better compared to
other clusters. In first year they got five KG average production tree. In second year
production increased to the triple of the previous year. In the last year production was around
25
30 Kg per Tree. In this cluster many people have irrigation source that AKRSP (I) has
provided group wells and canal irrigation facility. Also they got support from organization
about infestation and diseases. Mandvi is largest producer of average per Tree in TSG.
In Umarpada cluster production was started in 2009 and first year they got 10 KG per Tree
production and then after every year production increased. Highest production of mangos in
this cluster is 15 KG per Tree. One of the major problems of Umarpada cluster is
unavailability of water. Due to lack of irrigation production didn’t increase. Some farmers
have Drip irrigation source but many of them are not using drip. In Umarpada cluster many
farmers have not shown interest for making & caring wadi. They just have taken wadi but
they didn’t do any special operation like, cutting, post harvest management, on farm value
addition and more. But still they are getting good production.
In Netrang, Wadi project was started in 2002. Those who planted in 2002, they were start
getting the production in 2007. And those who planted in 1998 they got production in 2004. It
was to be found that overall production of mango is good in Netrang cluster among the entire
cluster. Following diagram shows that the production of mango was fluctuating year by year.
And in 2006 production was highest in Netrang. But in 2011 it was found that the production
decreased to the lowest level due to infestation. Except last year the production in all the
years was good.
In the year when Mango wadi was cultivated, AKRSPI had provided inputs like fertilizers
and pesticides, but later on except first year (when AKRSPI had provided fertilizers and
pesticides) farmers did not applied any fertilizer and pesticide in all successive years, so it
affected on healthy growth of the Wadi and ultimately on production or yield, farmers could
not met the production level which a ideal Mango Wadi has.
26
Graph: 4.3.1 Average per tree production in TSG
(Source: Survey)
4.4 Mango-wadi average net returns: The following graph shows the net return of farmers from year 2002-2010. In first year, net return observes to be negative. Thereafter production goes on increasing successively from 2003 to 2009 but in last year due to some pest attack and insect attack production goes down than previous year.
Graph: 4.4.1 Average Net Returns:
(Source: Survey)
Net return calculated as:
Net return= Gross return- Total variable cost (expenses)
IN KG
27
4.5 Breakeven point: Following table shows the number of farmers and their initial money invested recovery years
in mango wadi project. As per table, 6 farmers get back his initial money investment in
mango wadi project in first year likewise 3 farmers gets in third year and so on as per below
table.
Chart: 4.5.1 breakeven point
Year No. of Farmers 1st 6 3rd 3 4th 3 5th 2 6th 2 7th 1 8th 1
(Source: Survey)
4.6 Post Harvest Management After production of mango, farmers didn’t go for sorting, grading and cleaning the produce in
different category, because lack of awareness about grading and sorting and benefits after
these process. They stored the mangos in home, due to unavailability of warehouse facility in
the region. Some farmers are selling the produce in the nearest market of Shelamba, Mandvi,
Dediyapada, Jankhavav, etc. some farmers are using Mango federation for selling the
mangos, which was formed by AKRSPI in Gandevi. Also as per the convince some of them
sale the Mangos in Surat, Ankaleshwar market.
4.7 Changes in Income: Before the wadi intervention, people were migrated to other places for work like agri labor,
construction field. And they were growing only in tradition way of farming. After
intervention of wadi, people were practicing new intervention like intercropping, SRI,
WADI, for taking cash crops it may includes vegetables like parwal, Brinjal, Tomato, Same
beans, Onion, Ladies finger. Due to all these new intervention their income pattern also
changed. Following two bars shows that how much of income has been increased after
intervention. Almost 130% income increased as compared with 10 years ago. It was the
incredible change due accepting new intervention.
28
Graph: 4.7.1 Change in Income
(Source: Survey)
4.8 Migration Status: As the income increases after intervention, the people stopped migrating. They used to
migrate for more income but after intervention of wadi and all allied intervention to wadi,
they are getting more money than they earned when they migrated.
Following bar diagram shows, how much of migration is being reduced due to all
intervention. More or less hundred percent of migration has been reduced.
Graph: 4.8.1 Migration Status
(Source: Survey)
29
Chapter: 5 Conclusion & Recommendations:
5.1 Conclusion: The Wadi programme is implemented in the area where the rainfall is above 1000 mm or in
other areas having reliable source of water. A family with less than 1 ha land with reliable
market outlet will earn Rs.10000-15000 per annum, after 4-5 years when the tree start to give
yield. The gestation period is very critical. During this period, the participating families need
some support in the form of employment to sustain their basic needs. However, activities
such as vegetable cultivation and intensive use of the inter space for production of food,
vegetables and cash crops are essential. With the establishment of wadi, the beneficiaries feel
secure and do not migrate to urban areas with all the members of the families. Thus, they
develop an inclination to maintain various species of livestock. This is an additional source of
income for the family. Thus, by participating in tree-based farming with 0.2 to 1 ha land, a
family is able to come out of poverty.
At first beneficiaries did not show interest in making wadi but after 4-5 year getting
horticulture yield they have shown interest in wadi. And many farmers got support for drip
irrigation from AKRSP (I) but they don’t use these technologies in horticulture. Many
farmers have gone for only 0.5 & 1 acre wadi due to lack of irrigation facilities. Before
horticulture intervention they used to follow traditional farming and were getting fewer
yields. But now the condition of beneficiaries has changed and they grow vegetables and cash
crops and have irrigation facility in their lands. Also, farmers are now showing interest in
horti-marketing and AKRSP (I) is forming a federation for mango marketing in this area.
Farmers’ income has also risen with this intervention.
As it is the holistic approach of development it includes all the factors with an approach to
sustainable livelihood and better quality of life.
Wadi beneficiaries used inputs only when AKRSP (I) provided them in the initial period.
Later they never used fertilisers and pesticides until the production started. Hence the yield is
40% lesser than the expected yield.
30
5.2 Recommendations: 1. A storage facility should be made in this region for storage of fruits as the perishable
& getting good price fruits.
2. Provide training programme & exposure visit on post harvest management as
especially on farm value addition.
3. Provide suitable market for mango yield, that they have to sell in the market and get
good value for their producing yield.
4. As the farmers do not prefer to use fertilisers and pesticides unless any external
support is provided, monitoring of the beneficiaries and constant guidance and
support is necessary so that the objective of the intervention is fulfilled.
31
Chapter: 6 Case Studies
Case -6.1 Ajaybhai Hursimbhai
Village: Kambodia
Block: Netrang
Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 10 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 28 years
Mob No. +91-9909238716
Education: 12th std.
Background:
Ajaybhai has two sons, one is in primary school and another is in KG school. Ajay’s father
died five year ago. His father was a Doctor. After his father death, he has to own the
responsibility of his family.
He has 10 acre of land in that 3 acre land is irrigated and 7 acre land is on rain fed. For
irrigation source he have one open well as well as one bore well but both of them are not
working throughout the year. He uses the electric motor for lifting water from well for that he
pays 200-250 Rs monthly.
Before, Wadi he was growing only paddy. That time he took single crop through the year.
Also he dint get not much of yield from single crop. Then he thought we can change our
cropping pattern and make some cash crops like, Soyabean, Red gram, Ground nut and some
vegetable crops that he growing in this year.
Support:
In 2003, AKRSP (I) has conducted meeting in his village. He attended that meeting then he
thought that “can I take one acre wadi?” He discussed with his family members but some
people were not ready to take. Then he explained all benefits of mango wadi and finely he
took wadi in his one acre land. First he did land leveling and then he dig open well and got an
irrigation facility then he took wadi, he got 20 Keshar and 30 Rajapuri seedlings.
He got interest to dig a well for making mango-wadi for better irrigation. Then he thought
that “I should go for organic farming in this wadi.” first year he took Soyabean & Red gram
32
for intercropping in this wadi. He used to give a two trolley F.Y.M. fertilizer for every year in
one acre wadi land; still his dint used any chemical fertilizer but his use chemical pesticides
for mango and other crops.
Also, in Kamodia village there is 15 farmers’s got mango-wadi in 2003, people are showing
their interest for mango-wadi and they conducted every meeting for every month and discuss
some agriculture problems they are facing. Also previous year they sold mango to Gandevi
market through AKRSP (I).
They form one group for mango marketing. Before two year they sold mango to village
market or Netrang local market but they didn’t get that much of price, but now they formed
group and sold mango to juice making factory.
Graph: 6.1.1 Mango Production
Above table shows the increase in production of mango – wadi production how to increase
per plant production in year by year, last year he got 15 quintals production of wadi.
Changes:
When he has done H.S.C. that time he wanted to do agriculture and wants to work in his own
farm but he didn’t have that much of knowledge at that time. Then he did in tradition way of
agriculture that time he grows only on rain fed agriculture.
Then sometimes he used to think that I should do something for irrigation source? Then he
took bore well & Open well and he got water in open well this time to still he growing two
times crop in a year.
After some days he got AKSRP(I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and some village exposure
visit, in this exposure visit, he have seen SRI method, mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in
nearby places he had visited in last 10 years.
33
Table 6.1.1 Income through animal Husbandry:
Animal Husbandry 2008 2009 2010 2011
Month in year 10 9 10 10
Lit./Rs. 18 21 23 26
Per day milk in Lit. 5 5 6 6
Total gives milk in year 1500 1350 1800 1800
Total amount in year 27000 28350 41400 46800
Also, he has one cow, four buffalo. He sells 7 lit/day milk to dairy. He is getting more
support for his sustainable livelihood. AKRSP (I) has been provided finance for buying cow
in 2010. Actually before giving loan he had buffalo but he didn’t sold milk. Since from last
two year he sold 7 lit. / Milk in a day. Also he is constructing a new home in his village. This
year he planned to sell mango to Gandevi market that will give more profit and more prices.
Also, he wants a fruits and vegetable “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP (I) gives
in this area some vegetable mandap (stacking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi but
people not get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then
that gives us much more profit.
Table 6.1.2. Intercropping cost & benefits analysis of mango-wadi:
34
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007
Crop Soyabean
Red gram
Mango Bajari Makai
Mango
Ground nut Maize
Mango
Sorghum
makai
Mango
Red gram
Ground nut
Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 1 0 2 0.8 3 1 5 1 2.5 2 2 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1409 1288 0 571 590 1624 599 901 879 2423 1670 1500 Gross Return 11272 1288 0 1142 472 4872 599 4505 879 6057 3340 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 2000 Equipments 1150 Seeds 450 100 200 100 1000 100 150 100 200 1200 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 600 1500 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Pesticide 300 200 800 500 600 500 500 300 600 500 Water Charges 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 labor cost 500 300 900 300 240 300 1600 400 300 480 400 300 320 1200 600 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2450 1200 6950 1500 1340 1800 4200 1500 1800 1630 1500 1800 1820 4000 2100 Net return (gross return-TC) 8822 88 -6950 -358 -868 -1800 672 -901 -1800 2875 -621 -1800 4237 -660 900 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.60 1.07 0.00 0.76 0.35 0.00 1.16 0.40 0.00 2.76 0.59 0.00 3.33 0.84 1.43 Total exp. 2003
10600 4640 7500 4930 7920
Total Income 12560 1614 5471 5384 12397
35
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011
Crop Sorghum Red gram Mango
Red gram
Same beans Mango
Red gram
Same beans Mango
Red gram
Same beans Mango
Yield(Kg/Acre) 4 1 9 2 8 11 2 10 13 2 5 15 value of (Rs./Kg) 692 2115 1500 2191 900 1800 2165 1000 2500 3211 1200 2000 Gross Return(A+B) 2768 2115 13500 4382 7200 19800 4330 10000 32500 6422 6000 30000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 200 200 300 200 300 200 300 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Pesticide 300 500 300 600 500 300 1000 500 300 1000 1000 Transportation 200 200 Water Charges 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 labor cost 400 400 1000 500 2500 1250 500 2500 1250 500 1500 1250 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1600 1900 2500 2000 4400 2950 2000 4800 2950 2000 3800 3250 Net return (gross return-TC) 1168 215 11000 2382 2800 16850 2330 5200 29550 4422 2200 26750 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 1.73 1.11 5.40 2.19 1.64 6.71 2.17 2.08 11.02 3.21 1.58 9.23 Total exp. 6000 9350 9750 9050 Total Income 18383 31382 46830 42422 Net Returns 12383 22032 37080 33372
36
Graph: 6.1.2 Wadi Net Returns:
Initial four years, there has been no notable income through agriculture. Initially in first year
the farmer started growing cash crop but there as not so good production. In second year
framer has tried to grow fodder for animals. Then farmer has made comparison between these
crops seeing which one gives more net return. From fifth year onwards, when horticulture
crops started producing income, gave considerable change in income through the agricultural
practices and has supplemented overall income through agriculture. Even after getting
income through horticulture, there has been good progress in income through other crops like
same beans (Dolichas lablab), as the horticulture crops provides secured income and has
given confidence for change over the corps.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table 1.7
37
Case-6.2 Balwant Umaid Vasava
Village: Kalijaman
Block: Umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 7 acre
Irrigated Land: 2 acre
Age: 40 years
Mob No. +91-9925089914
Education: 7th std.
Balawant has two sons named as Pradip studying in 10th and Prakash studied in 12th std. all
together there are seven members in the family. Agriculture is the main source of his family.
Also, he has three sisters they all are married.
He has 7 acre land; out of only two acre land is under irrigation, remaining 5 acre is rain fed.
As irrigation source, he has one open well and it is working out for 10 month in a year. He
uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well.
Also, before intervention the land was sloppy due to which water could not stay in his field.
So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1995, Dinesh Patel AKRSP (I) employee
came to his village and conducted meeting about land leveling also he got support and land
was well leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way. And also, he has done
banding to his farm.
Balawant is well known person in his village, in his village he is president of “GRAM
VIKAS MANDALI” there is 11 committee members. And this committee is formed before
15 year.
Kalijaman is 3 km far from kevdi local market, 16 km far from jankhavav local market and
90 km farm from Surat city market.
In Kalijaman, AKRSP (I) has done lot of work and people got benefited to services like, Bio-
gas 12 plant, vermicompost, Bugger pata, Animal Husbandry-45, group open well, mobile
engine, Gabion, Equipment, Hybrid seeds, SRI, Wadi, Banding, Land leveling, Ground nut
harvester machine and some other. Kalijaman is comes under hilly area there is lot of waste
land available in before intervention. Now many people have grown minimum on time in a
year due to land leveling and banding has been done.
38
From 1995, to till now AKRSP (I) working in this village but in 2003, they came on the
mango-wadi project. And they conducted meeting that time he has attended this meeting.
Then 14 people have agreed to take mango-wadi in own land.
In his village main problem is irrigation facility is not well because people think no water.
Because they can grow only in rainy season they think after December water level to goes to
low level and where to get water to mango plant.
In 2003, he took half acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 11 keshar and 11 Rajapuri
seedlings but after some time 1 Keshar plants are dead. Now he has 21 mango plants in his
mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim
Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and he has done all work of wadi from labor. He
gives some F.Y.M. and pesticides. Before one year he buys one spay for pest attack on
mango.
In intercropping he took first year paddy and Red gram he get good yield and next four year
he grow only fodder then from 2008 he grows only paddy and pearl millet that is last five
year taken this crops.
Mango-wadi production chart:
Last 3 year he gives mango production every year his production has been increase and he get
money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some plant then production was
increase he got 2, 5 quintal respectively production, last year he got more production because
he has done on pest attack practices.
Graph 6.2.1 Average per Tree production of mango
39
Table: 6.2.1 Animal Husbandry:
Animal Husbandry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Month in year 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Average Lit./Rs. 15 15 18 20 22 25 28 32
Per day milk in Lit. 5 5 6 6 6 7 5 7
Total milk in year 1050 1050 1260 1260 1260 1470 1050 1470
Total amount in
year 15750 15750 22680 25200 27720 36750 29400 47040
He has 1 cow and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That
every day he sell 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 30-35 Rs. /lit.
Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In year 2003, Paddy and Red gram was cultivated as intercrops, applied fertilizers and
pesticides and provided other inputs. But did not even get amount he spent for growing these
crops, for next four year he focused on fodder crops only for livestock that he had. From fifth
year onwards, when horticulture crops started producing income, shown considerable change
in income level through the agricultural practices and has supplemented overall income
through agriculture. Even after getting income through horticulture, there has been good
progress in income through other crops like Paddy and Water melon, as the horticulture crops
provides secured income and has given confidence for change over the corps. Now there life
has been improved then before.
Breakeven point in 7th year see annexure table 1.7
Graph: 6.2.2 Mango-wadi net returns
Table: 6.2.2 intercropping of mango wadi
40
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 Crop Paddy Red gram Mango pearl millet Mango pearl millet Mango pearl millet Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Kg/Acre) 4 1 0 7 0 4 0.5 6 2 5 5 value of (Rs./Kg) 624 1288 0 976 1222 1800 1287 2000 943 2000 Value of Crop (A) 2496 1288 0 6832 0 4888 900 7722 4000 4715 10000
Gross Return(A+B) 2496 1288 0 6832 0 4888 900 7722 4000 4715 10000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 880 Equipments 750 1200 Seeds 200 100 200 200 200 240 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 240 240 3600 400 3000 400 400 450 Pesticide 200 300 900 1200 Water Charges 90 90 180 180 180 225 labor cost 450 240 1550 800 400 800 320 1000 750 1000 750 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 980 870 7080 1580 3400 1580 320 1780 2850 1915 1950 Net return (gross return-TC) 1516 418 -7080 5252 -3400 3308 580 5942 1150 2800 8050 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.546 1.480 0 4.32 0 3.093 2.81 4.33 1.403 2.46 5.12 Total exp. 8930 4980 1900 4630 3865 Total Income 3784 6832 5788 11722 14715 Net Returns -5146 1852 3888 7092 10850 BCR 0.423 1.37 3.04 2.53 3.80
41
Case- 6.3: Bachubhai Gimia
Village: Ghanekut
Block: Netrang
Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 1 acre
Irrigated Land: 0.75 Acre
Age: 45 years
Mob No. +91-9586645116
Education: 4th std.
Background:
Bachubhai has two son, both are working in the hotel (Ankleshwar). He is not well in
educated. He didn’t study only because of lack of money and support. Further same things
happened with his children’s Ajay and Chickpea, both of them studied only 7th standard.
Before wadi he had migrated to other place and generated income for livelihood. He got
married at the age of 21. He have 1 acre land in 3differents parts, out of that only 0.75
acreland is under irrigated by canal water. Ghanekhut is 12km from Dediapada and 13 km
from Netrang local market. Mohan bhai is a head of village Ghanekhut, when he went to
Karjan in 1994; he saw mandli of canal irrigation. Then he thought this type of mandali we
formed in our village that gives more sustainable livelihood for village community. He met to
collector and discussed all these issues and collector had visited his village and saw what type
of condition is going on in his village. Collector gave this project of making mandali to Aga
khan foundation. That time villagers came to know to Aga khan, which made 52 members in
a piyat mandali (water user association).
Bachubhai have seven brothers, three of them have wadi and two are doing Agri-labor in
Movi village and rest of them are doing agriculture. In Ghanekhut there is a Dam for
irrigation. In Ghanekhut, there is check dam named as Karajan check dam having 52 member
of his village. In 1994, these 52 members had collected 500 Rs. each for making Karjan
check dam. There were two installed of this collected amount, 15H.P. motor which provide
irrigation water to whole area. Name of this committee is “SHIV PIYAT MANDALI (water
user association) ” and there are nine committee members of this project. He and his three
sons have 1.5 acres of land each. Before Wadi he went to other villages for income that he
42
can repay the loan. Before the wadi project he was growing cotton, Sorghum, kang (local
name) in his field. Due to wadi project he was able to grow vegetables for his daily food
consumption, he said that “hame pahle khane me Javari, kang khate the aur aab rice, wheat,
baingan, brinjal, some vegetables milte hai.” He complained about, that he was not getting
good price for cotton and the yield was also less, about 1 Quintal per acre. As the income
from cotton was less, he had to take loan and then had to migrate in search of work for
repaying the loan.
Support:
In 1995 Aga khan has conducted meeting for making piyat mandali (water user association)
(Water User Association), that time he has attended this meeting and he got more interest in
making piyat mandali (water user association) (Water User Association) in that year. When
mandali was formed in his village then water gets available to people for irrigation. After one
year Aga khan has sell mango seedlings, that time he had buy 3 seedlings in 45 Rs. That time
this was too much amount, and then he planted these seedlings in waste land border. (Mere
pass uss time pe paise the aur aam ke poudhe mil raha tha isse liye lagaya). Then he took
care of these three plants. And after some years in 2004 he got mango production 30kg then
he realize we have to plant more seedlings in our farm. In 2004 he realize from mango plant,
he thought that, I can make one wadi in 0.25 acre in our waste land there is sloppy land which
was pasture land then he received one wadi, that year he got 20 seedlings of mango and now
that survival Trees are only 14 (keshar is 8 and Rajapuri is 6) mango trees Actually he has
done digging for mango plant at own and till now he gives on half trolley F.Y.M. fertilizers to
mango trees. He spend 250 Rs. for pesticide in last 4 years and also he irrigate these plants 8
months in a year and every 15 days gives to tree .Also he get hybrid seeds to growing on
other land and he gets more production from these hybrid seeds also.
43
Graph: 6.3.1 Average per Tree production
As shown in above graph, in year 2004-08 he got production of only three Trees and in 2009
he got production from 14 Trees of mango plants. As he took wadi he gets benefited in
production as well as in his income. Again in year 2009 production reduces to some extent
because more Trees give production. But again his average Trees production is good and last
year his production is decrease due pest attack.
Changes:
He share his experienced of 2007, he said “aam kaise pakate hai pata nahi tha isse liye mera
near about 3 quintal waste ho gaye.” after the loss in income. He came to know about ‘mango
wadi exposure’ and he visited to Junagadh, Bhopal and Nearby places, in 2011 he got
training in Bhopal for after caring of mango, Also he get SRI exposure visit Because of
karjan dam and wadi our village people are satisfied and more happy now. He said that” Isske
pahle goan ke bahot sare log majuri karne ke liye bahar jate the abhi bahot kam log jate hai.”
He has take lease land on paying money to these farmers and generate livelihood.
Also he grow in farm Maize, cotton, Sorghum and other that gives more production and high
price in market. Also he grows paddy in leased land and he used SRI method to grow Paddy.
He grows fodder for animal I Mango wadi. He has 2 cows and gets 8 months milk in every
year from 2008 to till. When he buys this cows and 1st year his sell 10 lit. Milk/day and then
2nd year 6 lit. /day then 3rd year he sell 9 lit./day. That’s why he got more sustainable
livelihood. Now mango-wadi as my summer business for me because his sells mango in his
village and in nearby villages & on highway road.
44
Table: 6.3.1 Mango- Cost benefits analysis:
Village Ghanekhut Waste Land
Year of Wadi 1997 three Trees in boundary 2004
Area of Wadi
0.25
acre
Survival Trees is
34.78 %
Seedlings
Variet
y Keshar 2 0.25 8
Rajapuri 1 0.25 6
Average Per Tree
Production in KG
Yield(Quintal/Acre) 1st Year-2004 0.3 10
2nd Year-
2005 0.8 26.66
3 rd Year-
2006 1.5 50
4th Year- 2007 4 133.33
5th Year- 2008 5 166.67
6th Year-2009 6 42.86
7th Year-2010 8 57.14
Pest attack 8th Year- 2011 2 14.28
Total Production (Quintal) 27.6
Price in KG
Value of mango 2004 8 240
2005 10 800
2006 15 2250
Break Even Point 2007 15 6000
2008 17 8500
2009 20 12000
2010 20 16000
2011 25 5000
Gross Return (In RS.) 50790
Paid out cost of production
Equipment (pawed, Kodaly, Parlay, Talcum, water tank) 2200
45
Seedlings 825
Fertilizer 300
Pesticides 1000
Labor cost (Own) 1500
Transportation (use Bicycle) 0
Water charges 2400
Total paid out cost (A) (TVC) 8225
Return over paid out cost (gross return-A) 42565
BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 6.17
46
Case- 6.4 Bhikubhai Varanashibhai Tadvi
He is living in Shimamli Village. In block Sagbara, Dist. Narmada (GJ). His Occupation is
Agriculture Own Land 1.5 acre, Irrigated Land 1.5 acre. Bhikubhai Age 85 years. Mobile
No. is 7878748210 and Education is 2nd STD.
Background-
Bhikubhai has 4 children, 3 boys & a girl who all are married. He stays with his youngest
son. He and his three sons own 1.5 acres of land each. Shimamli is 5 km from sagbara and 10
km from shelamba local market.
In Shimamli there is a canal for irrigation 600 users of the canal have formed an association
and Bhikubhai is a committee member of this association before Wadi .His son used to
migrate for his livelihood & reply loan before intervention he was growing cotton, Javari,
kang (local name) in his farm
Also, his daily (hame pahle khane me, Javari, kang khate the aur aab rice, wheat, baingan,
brinjal, some vegetables milte hai). He complains that he was not getting good price for
cotton and the yield was also less, about 1 Quintal per acre. As the income from cotton was
less, he had to take loan and then had to migrate in search of work for replying the loan.
47
Support:
In 2003-04 Ajaybhai & Naval singh were visiting Shimamli village and organizing meeting,
regarding wadi and new interventions implemented like SRI. Bhikubhai got good support in
this operation, and he was also a leader in his own village .In the meetings they gave more
information about this project and in shimamli 30 farmers got ready to take wadi in their own
farm.
Also, Bhukubhai decided to take mango-wadi in his farm and then they formed wadi vikas
zut for wadi project and Bhikubhai is a member of this zut, meeting is conducted twice a
year. First, they arranged training in Sagbara, Netrang, Rajpipala, Navsari and some exposure
visits on wadi farm. Bhikubhai got more practical knowledge about mango-wadi in his wadi
project. He was in regular touch with AKRSP (I) Para workers and Sagbara office, he
attended monthly meetings too.
Also, he got timely operation information from the Sagbara office (Which fertilizer to be
used? Where to buy in cheap price and good quality? Pest attack etc) .When he got canal
water in his farm, he made some changes in agriculture pattern which results in less input
cost and more yield.
Impact and process:
In 2003, he undertook 1 acre land, which he took another 2 acre and later handed over the 2
acre land to his son. When he undertook wadi project, he received 40 mango seedlings from
AKRSP (I) and also some equipment, fertilizers, pesticides, training and agricultural
information. He carried out the whole process mango plantation in his farm.
Also, he had provided with F.Y.M. (farm yard manure) 10 tractor because to grow more
mango production. According to him he gets more of rainfall in his area annually. For heavy
rainfall, farmers don’t give more water to field.
Also, he has undertaken cultivation of paddy and Red gram in an intercropping pattern and
gets 15 quintal paddy and 5 quintal tuber and it regarded as a good production in 1 acre land.
He told (abhi tak mere jindgi me itna jyada production kabhi nahi mila tha).In this year he
gives to water to plant on his hard work and without hiring labor. Then next three year he
cultivates chili, Brinjal and tomato had a good production.
Then last five year he did only fodder making for his animal husbandry that gives more
money. He get 6 lit milk in 10 month in one year from buffalo and sell to village dairy and
get 23-27 Rs. /lit. Price and that gives more support to his livelihood. He takes more care of
mango-wadi like mulching, regular cutting and other related activity. In 2007 receives mango
but this year he was not so much satisfied with the production.
48
Graph: 6.4.1 Average per graph production
He takes production in 2008 1 quintal for HH utility. Then next three year he take 4, 5, 7
quintal respectively. He didn’t hire labor for any operation of mango till now and take care
own. He harvest 3-4 times in mango plantation and store in his home, his sell agriculture
yield in Shelamba local market 10 km far from his village. He sell own in shelamba it gives
him more money and good price for mango which reflects in his satisfaction.
Many people buy for pickle preparation and some people are also booked to prepare pickle.
Mango production finally profiteer the farmer in month of June that help in kharif in that
money they can buy seeds, fertilizers, herbicides. Main thing is agricultural production
provides financial support to them because previous they cultivate cotton and Javari, kang
this crop cannot generate more income for the family and cotton benefits a lot but not up to
the mark.
Mr. suresh bhai went 3 days tour to in Maharashtra as (Shirdi sai baba, Ralegand,
Ridhi Sidhi, Nashik and some other places) in this period he get exposure visit to good
intervention applied in Ralegand .Now he is satisfied with his production. He has bank
balance and he can suffer one year. And he stored food grain for 1 yr to get food sufficient.
Also he visited some places of AKRSP (I) and gets much more of experience of mango wadi.
49
Graph: 6.4.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns:
In above graph, first year gives lots of input cost like, fertilizer, pesticides that it get good
returns and after three year he took some vegetable like, chili, Brinjal and Tomato but in
return he couldn’t get any profit. So in 2008 he changed the crop and started growing fodder
for animals as well as he adopted mango wadi. Started to mango yield but first year he has
not recover input cost and after three year his income increase every year. Now he grows
only fodder for his animal husbandry in intercropping and his life to become change in to
sustainable livelihood.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.4.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis
50
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Crop
Paddy
(SRI)
Red
gram Mango Chili
Mang
o
Brinja
l
Mang
o
Tomat
o
Mang
o
Mang
o
Mang
o
Mang
o Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 2.5 0.65 10 9 0.5 3.5 4.5 6.5
value of (Rs./Qt) 700 200 500 525 500 1800 1800 2000 2000
Gross Return(A+B) 5600 5000 3250 5250 4500 900 6300 9000 13000
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 1560
Equipments 1000
Seeds 400 100 200 300 600
Fertilizer 430 300 2050 437 800 950 1200 1200 1200 1200
Pesticide 300 600 400 1150 500 200
Water Charges 100 200 400 600 400
Transportation 100 100 180
labor cost 450 150 360 900 100 1500 100 1200 100 250 250 280 260
Total paid out cost (TVC) 1380 1050 5570 2337 100 4350 100 3650 100 1450 1550 1580 1840
Return over paid out cost (gross
return-C) 4220 3950 -5570 913 -100 900 -100 850 -100 -550 4750 7420 11160
BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.05 4.76 1.39 1.20 1.23 0.62 4.06 5.69 7.06
Total Exp in a year 8000 2437 4450 3750 1450 1550 1580 1840
Total Income 10600 3250 5250 4500 900 6300 9000 13000
Recover amount 2600 813 800 750 -550 4750 7420 11160
51
Case - 6. 5 Dhana bhai Dunger singh
Village: Kavangai
Block: umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 3 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 42 years
Mob No. +91-999752657
Education: 6th std.
Background:
Dhana has one son he is in 10th std in Chokhwada village. It is 3 km away from his village.
And he has two daughter both are married. Also, he has two brothers both are working in
agriculture sector, but his family divided before 8 year ago and he stays with father.
Agriculture is the main source of the family. But due to lack of land and less yield from that
his whole family used to migrate for labor work in nearby places.
He has three acre of land that is divided in three different places, and all three acre is irrigated
land. For irrigation source he has one open well but it’s not working throughout the year. He
uses the Diesel engine for lifting water from well to farm. And before intervention he grows
paddy, Red gram, Sorghum, pearl millet, Chickpea and some other crops due to
unavailability of hybrid seeds. But till now he grow paddy in kharif season and in Rabi
season he takes vegetables and Ground Nut in his farm to generate income.
In 1998 he dig open well and got an irrigation facility to his farm but he didn’t have sufficient
balance to buy diesel engine then he migrated every year and saved some money to buy one
mobile engine. In 2001, he buys one mobile engine and that year he gives water to his farm.
From 2001, he has growing crops in two times in year. Before that he was taking only one
crop by using rain fed. Now he takes took some vegetable and cash crops like Cotton,
Soybean, Red gram, Paddy, Tomato, Brinjal, onion and others.
In 2005, AKRSP (I) comes in Mango-wadi project in this area. Ram bhai and Sumitra bahen
went to his village and conducted meetings but people were not ready to take wadi then they
gave some examples of wadi project. And also they conducted 4-5 times meetings then
52
finally only four people were ready to take wadi. He is one of them. These guys have
explained all benefit of mango-wade and how to change our agriculture pattern? Because
people are not ready to change agriculture pattern.
He got 40 mango seedlings (37 keshar and 3 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he
prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (hoe,
sickle, spade, vermin compost, pesticides and Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant
spacing in between each tree is 10X10 meter; finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.
Since from three year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in
Umarpada market & Jankhava Local market. Also, his mango yield increase by every year.
He gives some fertilizers and pesticides for increase in yield.
Before some year ago he got AKRSP (I) training in Pathadi, Kabri Pathar and Netrang and
also he got exposure visit in these places he got Jut Training, SRI Training and visit exposure
of mango-wadi in nearby places.
Graph : 6.5.1 Average per graph production
In above graph he horticulture yield has increase every year and he gives water to this land
and gets production increase. And he got 4 kg per Tree production in first year and next two
year he got 7, 9 kg respectively per Tree in two year.
He said that, “first I didn’t take interest to making-wadi but when he got some production
from this wadi then he realized that because of wadi his life become more sustainable.”
Also, he got Bio-Gas plant and sanitation from AKRSP (I) that is helping him for cooking
food. And he has one cow that he is doing milk business. Every day he sell 10 litter milk. He
sells milk to dairy.
53
Graph : 6.5.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In year 2005 he grown Wadi and implemented drip irrigation system and given other inputs
and cultivated Ground nut and Paddy as inter crops, But did not earn even the input cost. In
next three year he started growing vegetable crops in rotation with Paddy and Ground nut,
onion, tomato and brinjal etc. so his per annum income was fluctuating in all these three year.
In 2009 he started getting yield and thereby returns from Wadi so his income per year started
increasing every year.
Breakeven point in 4th year see annexure table:1.7
54
Table: 6.5.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis
year of sowing 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
Crop Paddy Ground Nut Mango Paddy Ground Nut Paddy Onion Paddy Tomato Brinjal
Yield(Qt./Acre) 5 1 6 1 6 8 5 2 2 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 587 1624 610 2155 681 520 921 700 900 Gross Return 2935 1624 0 3660 2155 4086 4160 4605 1400 1800 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 8750 Seeds 100 500 100 500 100 20 150 20 20 Fertilizer 600 600 600 600 700 Pesticide 300 0 200 0 100 100 Water Charges 240 240 240 120 120 labor cost 900 450 600 900 450 900 600 1200 400 400 cost of production (C ) 1600 1190 11850 1600 1190 1600 1060 2050 640 640 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1335 434 -11850 2060 965 2486 3100 2555 760 1160 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.83 1.36 0.00 2.29 1.81 2.55 3.92 2.25 2.19 2.81 total cost 14640 2790 2660 3330 total income 4559 5815 8246 7805 recover income -10081 3025 5586 4475
55
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 Crop Paddy Tomato Onion Mango Paddy Brinjal Tomato onion Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Qt./Acre) 5 1 5 4 7 1 1 3 7 7 9 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1001 1000 1306 2000 920 800 500 639 2000 943 2000 Gross Return 5005 1000 6530 8000 6440 800 500 1917 14000 6601 18000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings Equipments Seeds 240 200 20 240 20 20 20 240 Fertilizer 700 850 1000 Pesticide 100 100 0 100 100 100 300 300 Transportation 150 150 Water Charges 200 200 200 200 200 labor cost 1200 400 400 400 1500 500 500 500 500 1500 500 cost of production (C ) 2140 900 720 400 2590 820 820 820 950 2740 950 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2865 100 5810 7600 3850 -20 -320 1097 13050 3861 17050 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 2.34 1.11 9.07 20.00 2.49 0.98 0.61 2.34 14.74 2.41 18.95 total cost 4160 6000 3690 total income 20535 23657 24601 recover income 16375 17657 20911
56
Case- 6.6 Dhanji bhai Kotania
Village: Boridabra
Block: Dediapada
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 6.5 acre
Irrigated Land: 5.5 acre
Age: 54 years
Mob No. +91-9586915846
Education: 4rd std.
Background:
Dhanji is a small farmer living in Boridabra village in state of Gujarat. He has one son is
doing in agriculture, two grandsons and two granddaughters living together. All of them are
studding in primary school. His main occupation is agriculture.
Dhanji has 6.5 acre land and all are irrigated land. Before intervention land was sloppy and
undulating land run of water occurs in that land. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later
support provided by AKRSP (I) land was leveled up. And now Dhanji can do cultivation in
his land. Now his life has become much better than before.
Also, he has one dig a well but this was damaged and not working. But at the same time one
project was running for repairing well. This gave him a hope to get repaired his well. And in
the year, 2007 he joined a group of farmers and dig a big well which could give him
sufficient water for irrigation. In 1995, AKRSP (I) employee Thakur has came to my village
and conducted meeting for watershed management work for Pathadi and Boridabra villages
but this was the NABARD project. Also, AKRSP (I) has done work for land leveling part in
this area that people got benefits from this service.
Before intervention he grows like, Sorghumi, kang, kadra, Banti and more (Local names)
every year he has growing these crops. This crop does not provide any income because
production was not much. And whatever is being produced was used for household
consumption, where mango-wadi could give more output with less input cost.
Now, Dhanji is a well known person in this area because he has done some new intervention
in the process in his farm and knowing this other people visited to see that intervention like,
57
SRI farming procedure. Also, asked people of SRI to adopt this method that could get more
benefit in less input.
Boridabra is 15 km away from Dediapada local market. People used auto rickshaw and jeep
for transportation purpose.
In 2004, again AKRSP (I) brought up new project that is Mango-Wadi project; first they
conducted meetings and explain them what are the benefit from this project. Only three
farmers were ready to take mango-wadi. He bought 40 seedlings of mango (Keshar is 37 and
Rajapuri is 3). He has planted in only 0.75 acre land. Plant spacing in between each tree is
6X6 meter, due to less availability of land. He did cutting for every three year in mango-
wadi.
For adopting this method Dhanji did not bearded any expenses only he did labor work in
wadi. All the input cost was given by AKRSP (I). And since, from last four year he is getting
yield from mango-wadi. Last three year he sold mango to trader in farm.
The plan of wadi was becoming fruitful, seeing this progress he thought to take one more in
2008. In this wadi he could adopt 96 Trees. And this way he continued and today he is very
well known person in his village.
Graph: 6.6.1 Mango-wadi per Tree production:
In above table, he getting mango production from 2008 and every year his average
production of per Tree has been increased. And last three year he got 2.5, 10, 15 quintals
respectively.
Dhanji has got some training programme in Netrang, Dediapada and some field visit of
mango-wadi in nearby his village.
58
Also, he is doing intercropping in this wadi he took only same beans and Red gram this is to
support to income generation and mango-wadi give him to water in this plant.
Now he has one buffalo that support to his livelihood and he can sustain in his life. Every day
he sells 4 lit/day milk and he got average price 25-28 Rs.
Graph 6.6.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
As per the above graph, the farmer had got low net return from wadi as he preferred to take
intercrop as Red gram up to the year 2006; this shows that he couldn’t recover his initial
investment in mango wadi. Year 2006 onward up to 2008 he changed the intercrop as
vegetables because he received irrigation water from AKRSP (I) source group well and this
resulted in considerable high net return from mango wadi. In year 2009, production from
mango wadi gets started and net return from wadi gets increased as he takes again Red gram
as intercrop.
Breakeven point in 4th year see annexure table 1.7
Table 6.6.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis:
59
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2004 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop
Red
gram Mango
Red
gram
Red
gram
Same
beans
Same
beans Mango
Red
gram Mango
Red
gram Mango Red gram Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 0.4 0.5 0.4 8 9 0.5 0.8 1 1 4 1 6
value of (Rs./Qt) 1520 1776 2875 1500 1400 1500 1752 1800 2165 2000 3211 2000
Gross Return 608 0 888 1150 12000 12600 750 1401.6 1800 2165 8000 3211 12000
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 1600
Equipments 750
Seeds 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100
Fertilizer 120 1000 120 120 200 200 170 170 170
Pesticide 100 200 100 100 500 500 200 200 200
Transportation 1200 1200
Water Charges 560 560 140 140 220
labor cost 450 600 450 450 1050 1400 320 600 320 750 400 750 400
cost of production (C ) 720 4150 720 720 3610 3960 320 1210 320 1360 400 1440 400
Return over paid out cost -112 -4150 168 430 8390 8640 430 191.6 1480 805 7600 1771 11600
BCR - TC basis 0.844 0 1.233 1.597 3.3241 3.1818 2.3437 1.1583 5.625 1.591 20 2.229861 30
total cost 4870 720 720 3610 4280 1530 1760 1840
total income 608 888 1150 12000 13350 3201.6 10165 15211
recover income -4262 168 430 8390 9070 1671.6 8405 13371
60
Case-6.7 Dinesh bhai Navalbhai
Village: Motakakadi Amba
Block: Sagbara
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 0.85 Acre
Leased land: 10 acre
Irrigated Land: 2.5 acre
Age: 38 year
D.O.B. 6th April, 1974.
Education: B.A.
Contact no. 9099821135
Background:
Dinesh bhai got married in 1998, he has two sons and one daughter, one is in primary school
and other is in 6th class. Dinesh bhai stays with his mother, he has 0.85 acre of land but he
took 10 acre land on lease for generate sustainable livelihood. In 1996, he did B.A. in
Rajpipala village. It is 80 km away from his village. He well is educated person in his village.
His wife is working for a KG school as helper (making some foods in KG school). That gives
support to her family. Also he has one brother; sometimes his brother helped to in agriculture.
After completing his of graduation he worked for 5 year in Oklas luggage making company
Bhoisor (MH). He did hard work in that five years. Also, he got married in those days. But
the salary he got over there was not sufficient for his family and his needs. Then he returned
to his village. He didn’t have any option to generate income for his livelihood. Then he
decided to do work in agriculture while he is well educated.
Also he got well respect in village due he is well educated. After sometimes his wife got job
in KG school as a helper in same village, he got 500 p.m. salary.
First year he has taken only four acre land on lease, after getting some benefit from that.
Again he took more land on lease
And side by side he is working as post of EV in AKRSP (I). He gives information about
Govt. schemes & what type of work AKRSP (I) doing these villages for people.
61
Support:
In 2003, Naina bahen and Ghanshyam bhai has conducted meeting in his village. That time
only five people were ready to take wadi. And he is one of them. He took wadi in his land.
He got 60 seedlings of mango (Keshar is 35 and Rajapuri is 25) but after sometime he faced
the shortage of water for wadi. Out off total seedling he could survive only keshar 35 and 15
Rajapuri till today. Plant spacing in between each tree is 5X5 meter, due to less availability of
land. He did cutting for every three year in mango-wadi.
Still yet he didn’t invest any money for wadi. All the input cost is given by AKRSP (I). paid
of labor work done in wadi. And since, from last four year he is getting yield from mango-
wadi. From last two year he is selling mangos in Surat market, but there only problem he is
facing selling of mangos in surat market is “he have to sell his mangos through traders” for
that he should give the commission to traders.
Changes:
Dineshbahai has got some training programme in Netrang, Sagbara and some field visit of
mango-wadi in nearby his village.
Graph: 6.7.1 Average per Tree production
In above graph, last 4 year he gives mango production every year his production has been
increase and he got money. In first year he gives only 4 KG per Trees production from plant
then production was increase he got 5, 10, 14 per Tree production respectively, last year he
got more production because he has done on pest attack practices. Last two year he sells to
Surat market and gets more rates of yield mango.
Also, he is doing intercropping in this wadi. He grows paddy, onion and chili. That he can
sell in nearest market. Chili and onion are the vegetable are being used in KG school.
62
Still now he stays in Kuccha house now he makes a plan of making pucca house. Last year he
got 18000 Rs. from mango-wadi. He said that “mango wadi is like a Pension Plan for me.”
Graph: 5.7.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns:
As per above graph, farmer gets considerable fluctuate net return from mango wadi from
2003-2007 period as he took intercrop as vegetables due to availability of water. He got
mango production in 2008 and this resulted in increase in net return three to four times more
than previous year net return. But in year 2011, due to loss in production from intercrop his
net return from wadi gets reduced.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
63
Table: 6.7.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
year of sowing 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Crop Paddy Onion Mango Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Mango Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Chili Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 7 8 0 6 8 6 9 7 8 0 6 8 7 5 1 2 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 699 0 501 338 587 584 610 604 0 681 520 921 1094 4500 1500 Gross Return 4368 5592 0 3006 2704 3522 5256 4270 4832 0 4086 4160 6447 5470 4500 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 240 Equipments 750 Seeds 150 20 150 20 150 20 150 20 180 20 180 20 20 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 600 100 800 600 100 600 100 600 100 750 140 750 70 70 Pesticide 300 75 75 Transportation Water Charges 100 640 100 640 100 640 100 640 150 960 150 800 800 labor cost 600 600 450 600 600 600 600 600 600 120 800 800 800 400 400 320 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1450 1360 2540 1450 1360 1450 1360 1450 1360 120 1880 1920 1880 1365 1365 320 Net return (gross return-TC) 2918 4232 -2540 1556 1344 2072 3896 2820 3472 -120 2206 2240 4567 4105 3135 2680 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.01 4.11 0.00 2.07 1.99 2.43 3.86 2.94 3.55 0.00 2.17 2.17 3.43 4.01 3.30 9.38 Total exp. 2003 5350 2810 2810 2930 3800 4930 Total Income 9960 5710 8778 9102 8246 19417 Net Returns 4610 2900 5968 6172 4446 14487
64
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2010 2011 Crop Paddy Onion Chili Mango Paddy Onion Chili Mango Paddy Onion Chili Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 7 4 1 2.5 7 5 0.8 5 8 0 0 7 value of (Rs./Qt) 1001 1306 5000 1800 920 2337 5000 2000 943 0 0 2000 Gross Return(A+B) 7007 5224 5000 4500 6440 11685 4000 10000 7544 0 0 14000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 180 20 20 240 20 20 240 20 20 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 800 100 100 900 100 100 1000 100 100 Pesticide 100 100 100 100 100 100 450 Transportation 250 300 Water Charges 250 800 800 250 800 800 250 800 800 labor cost 800 400 400 320 1000 400 400 400 1000 500 500 500 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2030 1420 1420 320 2390 1420 1420 650 2490 1520 1520 1250 Net return (gross return-TC) 4977 3804 3580 4180 4050 10265 2580 9350 5054 -1520
-1520 12750
BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.45 3.68 3.52 14.06 2.69 8.23 2.82 15.38 3.03 0.00 0.00 11.20 Total exp. 5190 5880 6780 Total Income 21731 32125 21544 Net Returns 16541 26245 14764
65
Case – 6. 8 Karansingh Damniya
Village: Chimipatal
Block: umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 14 acre
Irrigated Land: 4 acre
Age: 40 years
Mob No. +91-9925670521
Education: 7th std.
Background:
Karan singh has four sons, Nilesh is doing working in Daga Line Company in Wapi, Rahul
has completed 12th std and now he is working in diamond store in Surat, Nipin and chetan are
studying in school. Also, he has two brother and they are doing agriculture.
He has 14 acre land. Out of that 4 acre land is under irrigation, remaining 10 acre is depends
upon rain. As irrigation source he has one open well and it work only six month throughout
the year. He uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well. Due to less water
availability he grow only one time crop in a year, before intervention he grow only paddy,
Red gram, pearl millet cotton, Kang and some other crop. In his village irrigation is main
problem and people grow only one time crop in a year. They are not satisfied doing in
agriculture.
Karan singh is a well known person in his village; in 2002-07 he was a Gram Panchayat
Member. Then he switched there and he joins in watershed project in Taluka Panchayat
projects, also he is SHG group head in his village. Also, his social work has to do in village,
when they face any problem about institutional, Government, and more when they need?
Support:
In 2005, AKRSP (I) came in this village to help people, Members of AKRSP (I) brought new
concept to develop the village and to improve the living condition of the villager’s. when they
comes in wadi project, AKRSP (I) employee Paras and Ramsingh has conducted meeting in
his village, and also karan has attended this meeting he get information about wadi project.
Then Karan singh thought of trying this new concept in 1one acre wadi. As all source of
irrigation is available. In this meeting many people were present but many of them told I
66
don’t have water source. How to get water to mango plant? Then only ten people are ready to
take wadi in own farm.
In 2005, he took one acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 38 keshar and 2 Rajapuri
seedlings but after some time 14 Keshar plants were dead due to less availability of water.
Now he has 26 mango plants in his mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments &
pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and he got
Drip irrigation but he don’t sufficient water to gives drip to mango. And he didn’t take labor
for mango till now for any operation he cares himself. In 2009 he has done pest attack but
that year he is not getting mango then next two year he got flowering but there was no
production till now every year he has suffer from various problems like pest attack, didn’t
make boundary to wadi that why people goes in wadi and do something wrong?
Changes:
Now Karan singh grows ground nut, Red gram, Maize and some other crops in intercropping
pattern. Before wadi he didn’t take any crop in this farm he just use for animal fodder then
after he took wadi and he grow something and he get yield from this intercropping pattern.
He has 1 cow and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That
every day he sells 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 20-25 Rs.
Before intervention he grows something like, paddy, Sorghum, Red gram and cotton but he
didn’t get that much yield but now he do SRI Farming procedure and he use Hybrid seeds
that gives more yield.
Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Chatpada in Dang and got an exposure
to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in Gangapur in mandvi. In this
training he got much more knowledge that he want.
67
Graph: 6.8.1 Mango-wadi Net Income:
As per the above graph, till now from year 2005, farmer hasn’t get production of mango from
wadi. He made investment in drip irrigation in year 2005 resulted in more expenses than
income and net return got decreased in that year. Then onward his net return came down in
negative side as he took this wadi in waste land where there is no more water for irrigation. In
year 2008, 2009 and 2011, net return comes in positive side because there considerable return
from intercrop that he has taken in wadi.
68
Table: 6.8.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis:
year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011
Crop Ground Nut Mango
Red gram
Red gram Maize Maize Mango
Red gram Mango Maize
Yield(Qt./Acre) 2 0.8 0.6 3 4 0.8 3 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1624 610 681 921 1001 920 943 Gross Return 3248 0 488 408.6 2763 4004 0 736 0 2829 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 8750 Seeds 750 150 150 100 100 200 100 Fertilizer 500 Pesticide 300 150 200 0 300 200 Water Charges 300 150 150 225 225 200 250 labor cost 600 450 240 240 400 400 240 320 250 500 cost of production (C ) 1650 11600 690 740 725 725 540 920 250 850 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1598 -11600 -202 -331.4 2038 3279 -540 -184 -250 1979 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.97 0.00 0.71 0.55 3.81 5.52 0.00 0.80 0.00 3.33 total cost 13250 690 740 725 1265 1170 850 total income 3248 488 408.6 2763 4004 736 2829 recover income -10002 -202 -331.4 2038 2739 -434 1979
69
Case- 6.9 Dhanji bhai bhai Bondabhai
Village: Khopi
Block: Sagbara
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 1 acre
Irrigated Land: 1 acre
Age: 38 years
Background:
Dhanji bhai and his four brothers is a farmer. Five year ago his family has been divided and
all of them used to stay separately in different houses. But they used to work together in same
field. Dhanji bhai is younger brother among his family. Dhanji bhai has one daughter. She is
studying in primary school. Dhanji bhai have 1 acre irrigated land. Source of irrigation is
group well. But during summer season water level goes down. Well is constructed by
AKRSP (I) for group of 8 farmers. And there are also group of 8 people for mobile engine.
Dhanji bhai things due to more consumption of water lead to decrease in the level of water
during summer. During summer season he can fetch water for 2hrs only in 2 days for each
person.
Before intervention he has migrated to other place Surat, Valsad and Bardoli for income
generation of livelihood. There he got work of sugar cutting in 6-8 months in every year and
he got only 20-30 Rs. /day. This amount is not sufficient for him to sustain livelihood. After
some time he came back to his village and started doing Agri-labor work because he have
only one acre land that is not sufficient for him. During that time it was joint family, his
eldest brother manage all these things of livelihood.
Khopi is 20 km far from Shelamba local market. Five year ago there was no transportation
facility are available, people used bullock cart for transportation purpose.
Also, due to sloppy and undulating land run of water occurs in that land before intervention.
So it was hard to grow any crops. But later support provided by AKRSP (I) land was leveled
up. And now Dhanji bhai can do cultivation on his own land. Now his life has changed then
before.
70
Support:
When AKRSP (I) come in this village, they conducted meeting and provided us information
about what they won’t to do for us? At that time people was not having faith on those guys.
Only six people have supported them. Taking those six people AKRSP (I) started to work on
mango-wadi of those farmers.
During that time people says (“Ye Aga khan wale bad me apane upper karja dalenge mat jao
unke sath” then “fir bhi humne wadi liya aaj vo wahi ke wahi hai hum unse age nikal Gaye”)
that’s why I took border plantation in my farm.
In 2005, Dhanji bhai took border plantation of mango-wadi in his one acre farm and he got
15 keshar and 20 Rajapuri seedlings but after some time 5 Rajapuri plants are dead. Now he
has 30 mango plants in his mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides
i.e. (Vermicompost, pesticides, spade, hoe and ticum) and he didn’t take labor for mango till
now for any operation he cares his own family.
Last 3 year he is getting yield of mango. Also, he grows cash crop, fodder and vegetable
crops in his wadi. In border plantation of wadi he gives water from his group well.
In intercropping he took vegetables like Brinjal and Ladies finger also he grows Bajari, paddy
and fodder that is useful for his animal husbandry. Actually he took all these cash crops when
he got group well water. Before group well he do only paddy in this farm.
Changes:
Before wadi, Dhanji bhai has done land leveling part and then he took only paddy on that
farm land but could not get much more yield. Then he got group well in eight people that are
helps to farm. He grown some vegetables and sold to village market and nearby villages.
Graph : 6.9.1 Average per Tree production
71
In above graph, last 3 year he is getting good production of mango every year his production
has been increase and he get money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some
plant then production was increase he got 0.5, 3, 4 quintal respectively production, last two
year has sell in Shelamba market.
Now he has 2 buffalo that support to his livelihood and he can sustain in his life. Every day
he sells 10 lit/day milk and he got average price 20-24 Rs.
Before intervention he had done much more hard work, because he is uneducated person.
Also, he does only traditional way of farming, now he has changes his thoughts and took
wadi and also he doing SRI Farming procedure in paddy.
Also, he says, “Hamare liye Aga Khan Bhagwan hai (AKRSP (I) is god for us)”
Graph: 6.9.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns:
As per above graph, due to intensive investment and low production in year 2005, the net
return came down. Then onward his net return gets increased from year 2006-2011 from wadi
because intercrop supports more in net return and in 2009 he got production of mango from
wadi. This resulted in more net return from wadi then onwards.
Breakeven point in 3rd year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.9.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis:
72
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop
Brinja
l
Ladies
finger
Man
go
pearl
mille
Man
go
pearl
mille
Man
go
Padd
y
Man
go
Padd
y
Man
go
Padd
y
Mang
o Paddy Mango
Yield(Qt./Acre) 2 1 5 6 7 5 1 7 3 7 4
Value of (Rs./Qt.) 500 800 902 733 921 1001 1800 920 1500 943 1500
Gross Return(A) 1000 800 0 4510 0 4398 0 6447 0 5005 1800 6440 4500 6601 6000
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 1100
Equipments 750
Seeds 200 200 100 100 240 200 240 240
Fertilizer 375 375 1200 500 700 850 900 1000 1050
Pesticide 200 200 600 500 500
Water Charges 150 150 300 300 150 150 156 156
Transportation 150 200
labor cost 300 300 600 450 240 450 240 1000 320 1000 320 1250 400 1250 400
cost of production (C ) 1225 1225 4250 1350 240 1550 240 2240 320 2250 320 2646 1050 2696 1100
Return over paid out cost (gross
return-C) -225 -425
-
4250 3160 -240 2848 -240 4207 -320 2755 1480 3794 3450 3905 4900
BCR - TC basis 0.81 0.65 0 3.34 0 2.83 0 2.87 0 2.2 5.6 2.4 4.28 2.44 5.45
Total cost in a year 6700 1590 1790 2560 2570 3696 3796
Total income in year 1800 4510 4398 6447 6805 10940 12601
Recover Income -4900 2920 2608 3887 4235 7244 8805
73
Case-6.10 Kiranbhai Ganpatbhai Vasava
Village: Chandravan
Block: Valia
Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 9 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 38 years
Mob No. +91-9979043837
Education: B.A.sy.
Background:
Kiran bhai has 3 children, 2 boys & a girl who all are going to school, and also he has three
sisters they all are married. Now he stays with his father, he have 9 acre of land. In 1994 he
done B.A.sy in Rajpipala village, he has educated person in his village. In this time his father
is cultivating all own agriculture work and he make marriage in 26th year.
Also, he have work in local NGO’s & Govt. projects like first he works in “MANAV JIVAN
VIKAS” for one year he works on vermin compost then he thought can I work for children
education? Then he join in “SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN” for three year and he got some
experience and when he works that time he got knowledge about new agriculture intervention
that was helps to his own farm and last 5 year he spends all time in his own farm.
Actually, he has 9 acre land in he gives to water only 3 acre of land. For irrigation source he
has one open well that works in only June to till December in every year and one bore well
works in whole year but in summer he gives less quantity of water.
Kiran bhai is well known person in his village, in his village one Piyat mandali (Water User
Association) has formed by AKRSP (I) named as “DI JAI ADIWASHI PIYAT SAHKARI
MANDALI” In this piyat mandali (Water User Association) there is 13 farmers. Also his
social work has to do in village something helps to people, when they face any problem about
institutional, Government and more when they need?
Support:
When AKRSP (I) comes in this area they work do well, and when they comes in wadi project
that time they conducted meeting in my village and also I’m attended that meeting and that
people told, what is this? Only 3 farmers got ready to take wadi in their own land.
74
In his village main problem is irrigation facility is not well because people think no water no
special. Because they on grow on in rainy season they think after December where to get
water to mango plant.
In 2002, he took half acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 18 keshar and 7 Rajapuri
seedlings but after some time 2 Rajapuri plants are dead. Now he has 23 mango plants in his
mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim
Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and after 1 year he got Drip irrigation in only 1500
Rs. Cost. And he didn’t take labor for mango till now for any operation he cares his own
family.
After some days he is getting yield of mango then in AKRSP (I) still there running this
project then he thought also I can take half acre wadi then he took in 2008 half acre wadi now
he have total 1 acre wadi. He do intercropping in wadi because that’s why also water gives to
mango plant he only 2 year use drip irrigation system. In wadi he gives water from his bore
well and every month he got 200-250 electricity bills.
In intercropping he took first year Brinjal he get 15 quintal yield and every year he took
Paddy, fodder, water melon, chili that is first five year taken this crops then Till now every
year he took paddy in this intercropping pattern. Actually he got much more yield in first 5
year then after 5 year he taken only paddy.
Changes:
Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and don’t get much more yield. In 2002 he dig
bore well and that time he took some vegetables and sell to local market Netrang is 4 km
from Chandravan village, also his sell on highway road.
75
Graph: 6.10 average per tree production
Last 4 year he gives mango production every year his production has been increase and he get
money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some plant then production was
increase he got 1.7, 5.5, 39 quintal respectively production, last year he got more production
because he has done on pest attack practices. Last year he sell to Ganadevi market by AKRSP
(I) support and get more rates of yield mango.
Also, he has mandi member of “FRUIT & VEGETABLE HARIT SANG VICHAN”. Now he
wants’ to fruits and vegetables “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP (I) gives in this
area some vegetable mandap (stacking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi but people not
get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then that gives us
much more profit.
Table : 6.10.1 Animal Husbandry:
Animal Husbandry 2004 2009 2010 2011
Month in year 7 12 12 12
Lit./Rs. 15 20 22 24
Per day milk in Lit. 4 6 6 6
Total gives milk in
year
840 2160 2160 2160
Total amount in year 12600 43200 47520 51840
He has 3 cows and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That
every day he sell 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 22-27 Rs. in 2004, he buy one cow
and that he grow only fodder in wadi area it useful for his cow.
76
Graph: 6.10.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In above chart, as the farmer changes intercrop year to year, net return also gets varies. In
year 2002 he took brinjal as intercrop so that he could possible to overcome investment and
got good net return. In year 2005,as he took watermelon as intercrop, net return rose
considerably. Then onward net return gets fluctuated on negative as well as positive side.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.10.2 intercropping cost & benefits analysis:
77
Intercropping cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop Brinjal
Mang
o Paddy
Mang
o
Fodde
r Mango
Water
melon Chili
Mang
o Paddy
Padd
y
Man
go
Padd
y
Man
go
Padd
y
Mang
o
Padd
y
Mang
o
Yield(Qt./Acre) 15.5 4 31.5 6.6 3 3 50 3 1.7 2 7.5 2 5.7
value of (Rs./Qt) 1000 624 1500 1000 681 921 20 1001 700 920 2000 943 1750
Gross Return 15500 0 2496 0 0 0 47250 6600 0 2043 2763 1000 3003 1190 1840 15000 1886 9975
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 980
Equipments 2250 500
Seeds 300 500 200 1000 500 200 200 250 250 250
Fertilizer 240 2700 250 100 1000 750 300 1000 300 300 1000 480 1000 500 1000 520 1000
Pesticide 400 700 500 300 600
Water Charges 1000 1500 250 1500 500 1500 900 750 500 500 500 500 500
Transportation
labor cost 1250 450 300 240 200 120 600 800 160 1200 1200 400 1200 400 1500 500 1500 500
cost of production (C ) 3190 8580 1300 1740 1000 2620 3750 2650 1160 2200 2200 1400 2430 1400 2750 2000 2770 2100
Return over paid out cost
(gross return-C) 12310 -8580 1196 -1740 -1000 -2620 43500 3950 -1160 -157 563 -400 573 -210 -910 13000 -884 7875
BCR - TC basis 4.85 0 1.92 0 0 0 12.6 2.49 0 0.92 1.2 0.71 1.23 0.85 0.66 7.5 0.68 4.75
total cost 11770 3040 3620 3750 3810 2200 3600 3830 4750 4870
total income 15500 2496 0 47250 6600 2043 3763 4193 16840 11861
recover income 3730 -544 0 -3620 43500 2790 -157 163 363 12090 6991
78
Case -6.11 Lalubhai Jaisinghbhai Tade
Village: Ghondadevi
Block: Sagbara
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 1 acre
Irrigated Land: 1 acre
Age: 50 years
Mob No. +91-9426771633
Education: 3rd std.
Background:
Lalu bhai has 2 sons. Both sons are well settling in their life. Elder son is working under
building construction work and younger one is doing the work of lapidary (person who cuts
gemstones) in Gujarat. Within a couple of days they will be back to Ghondadevi for
agriculture purpose. Grandson and daughter of Lalu bhai are still studying in school.
Lalu bhai has 1.5 acre of land and all are irrigated land, he is a farmer. Before mango- wadi
intervention he had been migrated to other places like, Ankleshwar, Surat and nearby places.
Lalu bhai use to migrate for to sustain livelihood for four month during dry season. While he
migrates he used to work as a labor in construction of building.
In 2002, Dam was constructed for source of irrigation. After construction of this Dam water
was available till 6 months. And other 6 months was dry land. Being this facility available
very few farmers were benefitted through this source of irrigation. Also, he have one open
well which is used for horticulture.
As Lalu is a laborious person. After long journey of hard work, now he has own wadi
(agricultural Land). Both the sons are also self dependent i.e. now they do not take money
from his father. Lalu and his family are now living happily.
Ghondadevi is 7 km away from Shelamba local market and 2 km far from Sagbara market.
He goes nearby market to sell all agriculture yield vegetable and fruits.
79
Support:
During the time of construction of Dam (2002), AKRSP (I) also provided full support in
constructing of Dam. In 2002, Jairam bhai, Manisha bahen and Sursh patel these AKRSP (I)
employees come to my village and conducted a meeting about mango-wadi which can
provide sustainable life. Villagers attended this meeting and some farmers liked it the plan
mango (wadi) and willing to adopt this plan on their farm. But Lalu bhai is not ready to take
wadi in his farm then Manisha bahen had told him why can’t you adopt wadi in your kitchen
garden? Use kitchen garden for the purpose of wadi.
Lalu bhai agree to use his kitchen garden. And in first year he bought 10 mango seedlings and
planted it. After one year he got 15 kg mangos from this plant. Then he came to know the
benefit he may get from mango-wadi. And then in 2003, he was ready to use his 1 acre of
land and 70 mangos seeds he bought it (30 keshar and 40 Rajapuri seedlings) after some time
due to irrigation problem occurred. Now Lalu bhai is left with only 51 (18 keshar and 31
Rajapuri Trees).
When Lalu took wadi during that time he had done all work in wadi alone, and didn’t hire
any labor for operation of mango- wadi. Even AKRSP (I) has also given all input like
seedlings, some equipments, fertilizers and pesticides. Still he gives only 2 trolleys F.Y.M.
And 1 lit. Pesticides in his own cost. And any other support required AKRP (I) provide him.
Impact:
Also, he does intercropping in paddy crops i.e. wheat, maize, same beans which he got more
yield, now he is doing SRI Farming procedure in paddy and wheat that he got more yield in
less input. Before intervention he does only traditional way of farming in his land. Last four
years he got yield of mango. For two year he has been sold mangoes in Surat market. He got
more prices but he has pay commission to trader in Surat.
80
Graph: 6.11.1 Mango-wadi Production chart:
Last four he got mango yield and first three year his production has been increased last year
production has decrease by 4 kg per Tree because he has not done any pest attack. That’s why
mango yield has reduces.
He have two cows and one buffalo that give 5 lit./day milk, 7 month in a year, that will help
us for sustainable livelihood. Also he made pucca house last year. Every year he thinks I will
buy new asset from mango-wadi. Also, he got training in Netrang, Junagadh and he visit in
Aga Khan University. He got exposure visit in nearby places. He got training on SRI Farming
procedure, Mango-wadi & some other interventions based on agriculture.
Table: 6.11.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
81
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop
Padd
y Wheat
Mang
o Paddy
Whea
t Paddy Maize Paddy
Same
beans Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 7 0 3 3 7 10 6 10 2 4 7.5 3 10 3 8
Value of (Rs./Qt.) 501 706 587 828 610 879 681 1000 1500 1001 1800 920 2040 934 2000
Gross Return 2004 4942 0 1761 2484 4270 8790 4086 10000 3000 4004 13500 2760 20400 2802 16000
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 2800
Equipment 1000
Seeds 560 1200 0 600 1200 600 400 650 250 900 900 900
Fertilizer 850 600 3600 850 600 1000 600 1000 950 1250 1300 1450
Pesticide 0 300 600 300 0 2000
Transportation 350 300
Water Charges 100 400 0 100 400 100 200 150 750 150 250 250
labor cost 750 600 600 750 600 750 300 1000 1600 320 1000 320 1250 400 1250 400
cost of production (C ) 2260 3100 8600 2300 3100 2450 1500 2800 5550 320 3300 320 3700 750 3850 700
Return over paid out cost
(gross return-C) -256 1842 -8600 -539 -616 1820 7290 1286 4450 2680 704 13180 -940 19650 -1048 15300
BCR - TC basis (gross
return/TC) 0.88 1.59 0 0.76 0.80 1.74 5.86 1.45 1.80 9.37 1.21 42.18 0.74 27.2 0.72 22.85
total cost 13960 5400 3950 2800 5870 3620 4450 4550
total Income 6946 4245 13060 4086 13000 17504 23160 18802
Recover amount -7014 -1155 9110 1286 7130 13884 18710 14252
82
Graph: 6.11.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns Table:
The input cost in the first year (2004) was high which included cost of drip set, pesticides,
fertilizers etc. In the second year (2005) he also cultivated paddy and wheat in kharif and rabi
seasons respectively as intercrops. In 2006 he cultivated maize for cattle along with paddy
whereas in 2007 he grew only paddy. But due to scarcity of irrigation water, the yield of
paddy was less. From 2008 he started harvesting mangoes and the yield has been increasing
since then except in 2011 due to pest attack.
Breakeven point in 3rd year see annexure table:1.7
83
Case -6.12 Laxman Padvi
Village: Umarda
Block: umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 3 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 31 years
Mob No. +91-9537457757
Education: 10th std.
Background :( Background)
Laxman has one son and two daughters. His father has three brothers, they all doing
agriculture. He has two sisters both are married. Laxman is doing agriculture with his father.
Agriculture is main occupation of his family. He studied up to 10th std. then he has done ITI
in electrician in 1998, but he could not get job, because he was not having interest in
studying. Then he wanted to help his father in his occupation of agriculture, but his father
told him we don’t have that much land why you want to do agriculture? Then he decides to
migrate in Ankleswar and got job in packaging company. He works five year in this
company. And he did hard work in that five years. Also, he got married in those days. But the
salary he got over there was not sufficient for his family and his needs. Then he returned to
his village. He didn’t have any option to generate income for his livelihood. Then he decided
to do work in agriculture
He has 3 acre land all are irrigated land. For irrigation source he has one open well that works
throughout the year in summer water level goes down. In Umarda there is only six people has
bore well facility and eight people have open well. In this area water facility is too low.
He is member of SMC committee member it works in improve child education (Literacy). In
2005 he is married and he joins in agriculture.
In 2005, AKRSP (I) working in this area on wadi project and they also came to my village
and conducted meeting. That time only eight people were ready to take wadi plan. And
among those members he is one of them. He took wadi in his land. He got 50 seedlings of
mango (Keshar is 35 and Rajapuri is 15) and all Trees has survivals, Plant spacing in between
each tree is 10X10 meter. He did digging for planting mango, as well as he got equipments,
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fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides) from AKRSPI.
And last two year he did pest attack.
Graph: 6.12.1 mango production average
In above graph, from last two year he is getting yield from mango-wadi. but in first year he
got on average 3 KG production of per Tree then next year he has done some pest attack and
gives two trolley F.Y.M. that gives support to plant operation and next year his production
was increased then he got 17 KG per Tree production. From last year he is selling mangos
in own village. Because in his village people are mango booked for making pickle.
Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and don’t get much more yield. In 2005 he took
wadi in this land and he grows some vegetables and getting good yield he sell to local market
Bedwan is 1 km from Umarda village, and transportation purpose he use Bullock cart and
Cycle.
He has 2 cows and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That
every day he sell 4 lit/day milk and he got average price 25-30 Rs. / lit. Still now he stays in
cache home, now he makes a plan of making puce house. Last year he got 20000 Rs. from
mango-wade. He said that “mango wade is like a Pension Plan for me.”
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Graph: 6.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns:
In year 2005, due to intensive investment and low productivity, net return came down. Then
onwards due to intercropping he got some return from wadi and these results in positive net
return. In year 2009, due to onion as intercrop he got good net return from wadi. As mango
production started from 2010, he makes considerable net return from wadi in year 2011.
Breakeven point in 5th year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.12.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
86
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Crop Paddy Mango Paddy Paddy
Maiz
e Paddy Paddy Onion Paddy Chili
Mang
o Paddy Brinjal Onion Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 7 7 2 6 6 30 6 0.8 1.5 7 5 8 8.5
value of (Rs./Qt) 587 610 681 666 921 1001 500 920 5000 2000 3211 1000 600 2000
Gross Return 3522 0 4270 4767 1332 5526 6006 15000 5520 4000 3000 22477 5000 4800 17000
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 2000
Equipments 8750
Seeds 200 200 200 100 200 240 20 240 20 240 20 20
Fertilizer 1800 1500 600 600 250 1900 750 350 900 200 2500 500 200
Pesticide 300 0 0 300 0 300 670 250 710
Water Charges 100 100 100 200 150 150 600 180 600 180 250 300
labor cost 750 600 750 750 300 1000 1000 800 1000 600 500 1250 750 500 500
cost of production (C ) 2850 13150 1650 1650 850 3250 2140 2070 2320 1720 1170 4170 1520 1270 1210
Return over paid out cost (gross
return-C) 672 -13150 2620 3117 482 2276 3866 12930 3200 2280 1830 18307 3480 3530 15790
BCR - TC basis (gross
return/TC) 1.23 0 2.5 2.88 1.5 1.70 2.80 7.24 2.37 2.3 2.56 5.39 3.28 3.77 14.04
total cost 16000 1650 2500 3250 4210 5210 8170
total income 3522 4270 6099 5526 21006 12520 49277
recover income -12478 2620 3599 2276 16796 7310 41107
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Case - 6.13 Murji Kathodia
Village: Satvan (Kavangai)
Block: umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 0.75 acre
Irrigated Land: 0.75 acre
Age: 61 years
Mob No. +91-9725576411
Education: 8th std.
Murji has two sons, they are doing agriculture and both are married. But before five year his
family was divided and he stays alone with his wife due to misunderstanding of family
members. But he is happy now. He has one daughter, also he has one brother, he is doing
agriculture and he has three sisters they all are married & they all are happy. His family
occupation is agriculture. But he is not having sufficient land, when he started doing
agriculture, he took land on leased for generate income for livelihood.
He has two acre of land but now he has only 0.75 acre land. And they all have taken leased
land one son has taken 15 acre and other one 12 acre land and he took 10 acre land this year.
Every year he does this way to generate income; by the time he did not migrated to other
places he was doing only agriculture. All his land is irrigated land. For irrigation source he
has one open well but it does not work throughout the year. He uses the Diesel engine for
lifting water from well to farm. Before one year ago he digs one bore well and he could find
water below 264 ft. But now he has no electric connection and even he has no sufficient
money to pick up water through diesel engine. Before intervention he grows only paddy in
his own land but later on he started getting irrigation source and he grow twice in a year.
Now he took some vegetable in his farm
Also, before intervention of land leveling of land is too sloppy and undulating land which
leads to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on land was leveled up and
now he can do cultivation in better way. He has done land leveling in his own budget.
In 2005, AKRSP (I) comes in Mango-wadi project in this area. Member of AKRSP (I)
named Ram bhai and Sumitra bahen came in my village and conducted meetings but people
are not ready to take wadi. Then they give some examples of wadi project. Then finally only
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six people were ready to take wadi during that time, among them Satvan was one of them.
These guys have explained all benefit of mango-wadi and how to change our agriculture
pattern? Because they don’t have irrigation source, people think how to get water to mango
plant.
Finally he is ready to take wadi in his farm. He got 25 mango seedlings (22 keshar and 3
Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of
equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip
irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in between each tree is 10X10 meter; finally
he saw the benefits of wadi project.
Since from one year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in
his own village. Also, now he is satisfied for taking wadi in his farm. He gives some
fertilizers for getting more income.
Before few year ago he has got exposure visit in this places he got SHG Training, visit to
mango-wadi in nearby places.
Also, he told first I don’t has interest to making-wadi but when he got some production from
this wadi then he changed his mind and he is sustain in his life because in wadi he does not
have to invest more money, he need to look every time and provide source of water regularly.
And in return he gets sufficient output.
He has 1 buffalo that support to his livelihood and he is able to sustain in his life. His sell 6
lit/day milk and he got average price 23-25 Rs. /lit.
Now he grows intercropping like some vegetables and sells in his village and generates some
income to sustain livelihood. Till he has done lots of hard work in his life but upcoming his
life is going on secure and sustainable. The wadi is pension plan for him today onwards don’t
have to invest money and get some money from this.
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Graph: 6.13.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In above graph, farmer invested more amount of money in year 2005 resulted in low net
return. After that his net return goes on increasing as he took intercrop paddy, onion, ladies
finger in year 2006,2007,2008,2009.2010 respectively. Mango production started in year
2011 and this also support him to gain more net return in year 2011.
Breakeven point in 5th year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.13.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
90
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
Crop Paddy Mango Paddy Paddy Paddy Brinjal Ladies finger Tomato Paddy Onion Brinjal
Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 5 4 4 1 1 1 5 1 1.5 value of (Rs./Qt) 587 610 681 921 1000 1000 1000 1001 1306 1200 Gross Return 2348 0 3050 2724 3684 1000 1000 1000 5005 1306 1800 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1000 Equipments 8750 Seeds 180 180 180 180 20 20 20 240 20 20 Fertilizer 300 600 300 300 325 60 60 60 350 75 75 Pesticide 300 0 0 Water Charges 180 180 180 180 120 120 120 180 180 180 labor cost 900 750 900 900 900 450 400 400 1200 400 400 cost of production (C ) 1560 11400 1560 1560 1585 650 600 600 1970 675 675 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 788 -11400 1490 1164 2099 350 400 400 3035 631 1125 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.51 0.00 1.96 1.75 2.32 1.54 1.67 1.67 2.54 1.93 2.67 total cost 12960 1560 1560 3435 3320 total income 2348 3050 2724 6684 8111 recover income -10612 1490 1164 3249 4791
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Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Crop Paddy Onion Ground Nut Mango Paddy Onion
Ground Nut Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 2 0.6 6 2 0.6 1 value of (Rs./Qt) 920 2337 3117 943 639 3684 3000 Gross Return(A+B) 3680 4674 1870.2 0 5658 1278 2210.4 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings Equipments Seeds 240 20 20 240 20 150 Fertilizer 400 100 100 500 500 160 Pesticide 0 Water Charges 240 500 750 180 240 240 labor cost 1200 500 750 400 1500 1500 750 500 cost of production (C ) 2080 1120 1620 400 2420 2260 1300 500 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1600 3554 250.2 -400 3238 -982 910.4 2500 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.77 4.17 1.15 0.00 2.34 0.57 1.70 6.00 total cost 5220 6480 total income 10224.2 12146.4 recover income 5004.2 5666.4
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Case- 6.14 Rajesh Murji Vasava
Village: Amali
Block: Mandvi
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 3 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 32 year
Education: 12th std.
Contact no. 09979648348
Background:
Rajesh has one son. He is studied in primary school. He has three brothers and all are doing
in agriculture. He is an eldest brother in his family and he is responsible person, he got
married before seven year ago.
Before intervention he migrates to other places like Surat, Bardoli due to lack of irrigation
sources and also to generate more income for sustainable livelihood. He worked on
construction sector.
He has 3 acre of land and all the land is well irrigated. Before wadi intervention some part of
land was came under kind of pasture land and left over land used to grow paddy, Sorghum.
He took single crop through the year.
In 1992, AKRSP (I) came to village that time organization was working on water shed
management project and they created one piyat mandali (Water User Association) in 1993,
they form group in village named as (DI AMLI SAHAKARI KHETI PIYAT MANDALI
(WATER USER ASSOCIATION) LTD. AMLI) Also they have established committee of 11
people for taking care of the project. That time 137 people were registered to this mandali.
Then in 1994 the work has been started and it getting water from in 1997, the lifting water
availed to entire village who wants water then now he has to pay 20 Rs. for 1/hr.
Before intervention of land leveling his land was too sloppy and undulating land which leads
to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1998, AKRSP (I) provided a
support and land was leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way.
Again in 2003 organization came with MANGO WADI project.” For the mango wadi project
they conducted meeting. That time near about 7 people were ready to take the project and he
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was one of them. In 2003, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in one acre land and he got 36
mango seedlings (18 keshar and 18 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the
land for wadi. He got the supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda,
parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in
between each tree is 8X8 meter; finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.
He is doing intercropping in this wadi, in first five year he took only Ground Nut in that land.
Now he is taking only fodder for animal husbandry that is giving him an additional income
for sustainable livelihood.
Table: 6.14.1 Animal Husbandry:
Animal Husbandry 2008 2009 2010 2011
Month in year 12 12 12 12
Lit./Rs. 25 25 28 30
Per day milk in Lit. 4 5 6 6
Total gives milk in
year
1440 1800 2160 2160
Total amount in year 36000 45000 60480 64800
Also, he has two cow and two buffaloes. He sells 6 lit. Milk per day to dairy. He is getting
more support for his sustainable livelihood by selling milk. AKRSP (I) has been provided
finance for buying cow in 2008.
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Graph: 6.14.2 Average per Tree production
Since 3 year he is taking mango production. Production of wadi is increasing every year. In
first year he got 4 Quintals production. Then production was increased in next year, he got 8
and 11 quintal production respectively. He is selling these mangos in Surat market (Sardar
patel market). But he is not getting price in this market because he sells to trader and they
gives less price for mangos.
Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Mandvi and got an exposure to
visit the palaces like SRI Farming procedure, mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby.
This is my pension plan; he gives money in my whole life. And every year increase but not
decrease.
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Graph 6.14.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In above graph, in first five year he got good income, and he had recovered input cost of
mango wadi in first five year and he grow only ground nut in intercropping. From 2008 he
grows only fodder as intercrop in wadi. It support to his agriculture and to generate income
from animal husbandry. It changes in to sustainable livelihood.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.14.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
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Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop
Ground
Nut Mango
Groun
d Nut
Ground
Nut
Ground
Nut
Ground
Nut
Fodde
r
Fodde
r Mango Fodder
Mang
o Fodder
Mang
o
Yield(Qt./Acre) 4 5 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 8 0 11
value of (Rs./Qt) 1550 1778 1624 2155 2423 1500 1800 1800
Gross Return 6200 0 8890 6496 8620 9692 0 0 6000 0 14400 0 19800
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 1480
Equipments 1150
Seeds 500 500 600 600 600
Fertilizer 600 600 600 600 700 700 350 350 350 350
Pesticide 300 0 200 0 100 0 300
Transportation 300 500 700
Water Charges 320 320 320 320 320 500 500 500 500
labor cost 450 600 450 450 450 450 320 400 500
cost of production (C ) 1870 4130 1870 1970 2270 2070 950 850 620 850 1200 850 1200
Return over paid out cost
(gross return-C) 4330 -4130 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 -850 5380 -850 13200 -850 18600
BCR - TC basis (gross
return/TC) 3.31 0 4.754 3.29 3.79 4.68 0 0 9.67 0 12 0 16.5
total cost 6000 1870 1970 2270 2070 950 1470 2050 2050
total income 6200 8890 6496 8620 9692 0 6000 14400 19800
recover income 200 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 4530 12350 17750
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Case: 6. 15 Govind Surajibhai
Village: Almawadi
Block: Dediapada
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 4.5 acre
Irrigated Land: 2.5 acre
Age: 70 years
Education: 12th std.
Service: Post Master
Background:
Govind has two daughters, Madhu is in 12th class and Nilu has done B.A. and they all are
staying in Bharuch. Govind died two year ago. He has done 35 year service of post master; he
is a notorious person in his village. He has 7 brothers and 3 sisters they all are married, but
one younger brother Ramesh has to see his agriculture last ten year. Suraji has two sons and
one girl all is going to school. In 1994, he has done B.A. in economics then he has done 7
year service in university of Gujarat as post on training department. Then he came to his
village and his family was divided that year and he is doing in agriculture now. Also, he has
taken leased land from his brother but Govind has paid him some money.
In Almawadi, many people are well educated and people called as Almawadi educated
village. For education purpose students go outside the village.
He has 4.5 acre of land, but only 2.5 acre land are irrigated and 2 acre land is on rain fed. For
irrigation source he has bore well it working throughout the year. He uses the electric motor
for lifting water from well for that he pays 200-250 Rs for 2-month.
Before, Wadi he was growing paddy, Sorghum and some crops. During that time he took
single crop throughout the year. Also he didn’t get not much of yield from single crop. Then
he thought we can change our cropping pattern and make some cash crops like, Cotton, Red
gram and some vegetable crops that he growing in this year.
AKRSP (I) support with irrigation facility to Almawadi village there is one open well which
is much more water available in that open well. From open well farmer use it as source
irrigation. Because he has lifting water pipeline is available in whole village area. Those time
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farmers are satisfied from getting yield from his farm. Then after some time due to lack of
maintenance by well committee well has been dry.
Also in 2003, AKRSP (I) came with “Mango-Wadi Project”, for the mango-wadi project they
conducted meeting. At that time near about 15 people were ready to take the project and he
was one of them but he knows almost services of organization.
In 2003, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in 2.5 acre land and he got 150 mango seedlings (75
keshar and 75 Rajapuri seedlings) and his own contribution he bought 100 more mango
seedlings of Keshar. After getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of
equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip
irrigation) from the organization and also buy own contribution which he wants’ extra. Also,
he gives F.Y.M. and last three year he has done pest attack. Plant spacing in between each
tree is 8X8 meter; he is cutting trees from last three year. Finally he saw the benefits of wadi
project.
Chart : 6.15.1 Mango-wadi paid out cost:
In above graph, he has 35% spent money on fertilizer and 21% labor cost is the second
highest cost because he has done lot of work in wadi.
He is doing intercropping in this wadi; he is taking paddy, cotton and Red gram in that land.
Last three year he has not taken any crop he grows only fodder and gets some income from
these. That is giving him an additional income for sustainable livelihood.
In below graph, we have seen From Last 4 year mango production has been increasing and he
gets money. In first year he give only 5 quintals production from some plant then
production was increase he got 10, 15, 22 quintal respectively production, last year he got
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more production because he has done on pest attack practices. Last year he sell to Ganadevi
market by AKRSP (I) support and get more rates of yield mango.
Graph: 6.15.1 Average per Tree production
Graph 6.15.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
In above graph, due to some intensive investment in wadi, he couldn’t possible to generate
more income in year 2003 and thus net return goes down. Then after, he took intercrop as
paddy, Red gram and this supported him to get good income and net return. Mango
production started in year 2009 and this helps him to increase his net return from year 2009 to
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2011.
Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and got an exposure
to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and SRI Farming procedure.
Now he wants’ to have fruits and vegetables “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP
(I) gives in this area some vegetable mandap (staking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi
but people not get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then
that gives us much more profit.
Breakeven point in 4th year see annexure table:1.7
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Table: 6.15.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006
Crop Paddy Red gram Mango Paddy
Red gram Mango Paddy
Red gram Mango Cotton
Red gram Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 20 3 0 18 3 20 2 8 2 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 1288 0 501 1540 587 1776 1935 2875 Gross Return(A+B) 12480 3864 0 9018 4620 11740 3552 15480 5750 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 10000 Equipments 1500 Seeds 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 Fertilizer 850 425 19500 850 425 850 425 1000 450 Pesticide 300 600 300 300 1000 Water Charges 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 labor cost 2400 600 6400 2400 600 2400 600 3000 600 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 4500 1875 38250 4500 1875 250 4500 1875 250 6250 1600 250 Net return (gross return-TC) 7980 1989 -38250 4518 2745 -250 7240 1677 -250 9230 4150 -250 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.77 2.06 0.00 2.00 2.46 0.00 2.61 1.89 0.00 2.48 3.59 0.00 Total exp. 44625 6625 6625 8100 Total Income 16344 13638 15292 21230 Net Returns -28281 7013 8667 13130
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Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop Cotton Red gram Mango Cotton
Red gram Mango Fodder Mango Fodder Mango Fodder Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 10 2 2 10 3 5 1 10 1 15 1 22 value of (Rs./Qt) 2281 1670 1500 2644 2115 1800 5000 1800 5000 2200 6000 2000 Gross Return 22810 3340 3000 26440 6345 9000 5000 18000 5000 33000 6000 44000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 1000 500 200 500 Fertilizer 1000 500 400 550 Pesticide 1000 300 300 500 700 1000 Transportation 1000 1200 1500 Water Charges 250 250 250 250 250 250 1000 1000 1000 labor cost 4000 800 4000 800 1200 1200 1500 1500 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 7250 2350 250 4850 2400 2450 0 3900 0 4700 0 3500 Net return (gross return-TC) 15560 990 2750 21590 3945 6550 5000 14100 5000 28300 6000 40500 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.15 1.42 12.00 5.45 2.64 3.67 4.62 7.02 12.57 Total exp. 9850 9700 3900 4700 3500 Total Income 29150 41785 23000 38000 50000 Net Returns 19300 32085 19100 38000 46500
103
Case – 6. 16 Ramsingh Bablia
Village: Kalijaman
Block: Umarpada
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 3.5 acre
Irrigated Land: 2.5 acre
Age: 60 year
Education: 9th std.
Ramsingh has 2 sons & 2 daughters they all are married. One is Mahesh who studied only 7th
class and Bharatbhai is 10th pass. Both are working in agriculture. He has three brothers, one
is died and two are doing agriculture.
He have 3.5 acre of land. Out of that 2.5 acre land is irrigated and remaining one acre is on
rain fed. Before wadi intervention, this land were comes in pasture land and left over land he
used to grow like, Hukka, paddy, cotton and Sorghum. He took single crop through the year.
Also, he has done some pre agriculture practices like, land leveling and bounding that his
land will be use full for taking wadi and growing cash crop in intercropping.
Kalijaman is 3 km far from kevadi local market, all village people used to sell agriculture
yield in kevadi local market.
In 2000, he thought that he can dig open well in his farm? “Then that year he took first open
well in his farm and he hire diesel engine from his relatives then after some year in 2004 he
buy one mobile engine and in summer season he faced shortage of water due to low level of
water. To resolve this problem he took another open well in 2006, second open well running
trough out the year. From that year he is taking Kharip as well as Rabi season
In 1995, AKRSP (I) worked in nearby villages that’s comes in Bharuch district. And some
employees were came in village they conducted meeting that time he attended this meeting.
At that time 12 people were ready to take wadi in their own farm. That time he got 20
seedlings (Keshar 10 and 10 Rajapuri seedlings). Actually he has done digging for mango
plant at own hard work. All these input cost has been given by AKRSP (I). Till now he has
not invest his money. Also he always tried to do something new in his farm like he uses the
SRI farming procedure. Also he uses the ground nut drill machine for harvesting ground nut.
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Farmers from his region get inspired to do agriculture like he is doing. To his hard working
strength he is popular in this area.
Graph: 6.16.1 Average per Tree production
In the above graph, his average Tree production is increase every year. In mango he got 2250,
10800, 12000, 14000 Rs. respectively in last 4 year production of mango. It is supported to
agriculture pattern. Last two year he has not invested money on wadi. Also, till now he has
not done any pest attack in mango-wadi.
He got some exposure visit to Netrang and nearby places of his village. Also he got some
training programme on new intervention that works in his area. He got interest to learn new
knowledge about cropping pattern. Also, he attended meeting and programme conducted in
nearby village on agriculture practices.
Also, he got Bio-Gas plant from AKRSP (I) that is helping him for cooking food. He has one
cow and 2 buffalo’s that he is doing milk business. Every day he sell 4 litter milk to Sumul
dairy in his village. That gives more help for his sustainable livelihood.
105
Graph: 6.16.2 Mango-wadi Net-Returns Charts:
He was growing Paddy and ground nut as inter crop, from starting he got good return from
these intercrops, as he has irrigation source as well as all inputs, he could met irrigation
requirement of the crops. Since 2007 Wadi started giving good yield and thereby good return,
above graph shows how his income increased after 2007.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
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Table: 6.16.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis
year of sowing 2003 2004 2005 2006
Crop Paddy Ground Nut Mango Paddy
Ground Nut Paddy
Ground Nut Paddy
Ground Nut Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 4 6.5 4 6.5 4.5 6 4.5 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 1550 501 1778 587 1624 610 2155 Gross Return 3744 6200 0 3256.5 7112 3815.5 7308 3660 9697.5 0 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 800 Equipments 500 Seeds 100 500 100 500 100 500 200 700 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 400 400 900 100 100 120 120 490 490 350 Water Charges 60 240 60 240 60 240 60 240 labor cost 600 450 450 600 450 600 450 600 450 120 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1160 1590 2650 860 1290 880 1310 1350 1880 470 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2584 4610 -2650 2396.5 5822 2935.5 5998 2310 7817.5 -470 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.23 3.90 0.00 3.79 5.51 4.34 5.58 2.71 5.16 0.00 Total exp. 5400 2150 2190 3700 Total Income 9944 10368.5 11123.5 13357.5 Net Returns 4544 8218.5 8933.5 9657.5
107
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Crop Paddy
Ground Nut Paddy
Ground Nut
Mango
Paddy
Ground Nut
Mango
Paddy
Ground Nut Mango Paddy
Ground Nut Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 4.5 6.5 5 1.5 5 6.5 6 5 6 6 4 6.5 7 value of (Rs./Qt) 681 2423 921 2231 1500 1001 2621 1800 920 3117 2000 943 3684 2000 Gross Return(A) 4086 10903.5 5986.5 11155 2250 5005 17036.5 10800 4600 18702 12000 3772 23946 14000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 700 200 700 200 800 200 1000 200 1000 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 180 180 180 180 600 600 400 200 200 220 220 Water Charges 90 360 90 360 90 360 150 600 150 600 labor cost 800 600 800 600 320 800 600 400 1000 750 400 1000 750 400 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1270 1840 1270 1840 320 1690 2360 800 1550 2550 400 1570 2570 400 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2816 9063.5 4716.5 9315 1930 3315 14676.5 10000 3050 16152 11600 2202 21376 13600 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.22 5.93 4.71 6.06 7.03 2.96 7.22 13.50 2.97 7.33 30.00 2.40 9.32 35.00 Total exp. 3110 3430 4850 4500 4540 Total Income 14989.5 19391.5 32841.5 35302 41718 Net Returns 11879.5 15961.5 27991.5 30802 37178
108
Case- 6.17 Sakaram bhai Ganpatbhai Tadve
Village: Kankhadi
Block: Sagbara
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 0.75 acre
Leased land: 6 Acre
Irrigated Land: 0.75 acre
Age: 45 years
Mob No. +91-9924523199
Education: 4th std.
Background:
Sakaram bhai has two sons, both are well settled. Elder son is working in the construction
sector (mystery), he works in nearby places and younger one is doing the work in own farm.
Both of them are married.
He has 0.75 acre land and it is irrigated land, Also he has taken 6 acre land on lease out of
that 3 acre is irrigated and remaining 3 acre is rain fed. As irrigation source he has one open
well and it is working trough out the year. He uses the electric motor for lifting the water
from well, for that he pays 200-250 Rs. Monthly.
Before, intervention of wadi project, he had been migrated to other places like, Ankleshwar,
Surat and nearby places. Sakaram use to migrate for to generate some extra income that he
can maintain the livelihood sustainable. During migration he was working in the field like,
construction, Sugar cutting and cutting stone, Etc. Around five to six month he used to
migrate through the year and migrated only on in dry season.
In 2002, Jairam and Manisha these two person of AKRSP (I) came to his village and
conducted meeting. He attended that meeting then he thought to take mango-wadi.
In 2002, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in his own half acre land and he got 20 mango
seedlings (10 keshar and 10 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi had he done digging for
planting mango. As well as he got equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda,
parayi, vermicompost, pesticides) from AKRSPI. He didn’t invest any money on wadi. Only
he used pesticides in Last two years of Rs. 520.
109
In the first three years he didn’t get any yield. Then he tried for intercropping in the wadi. He
got benefit from that. Then in 2005, he has taken intercrop of maize. Also he took several
cash crops and vegetables in that land.
Graph: 6.17.1 Mango-wadi production table:
Since from five year he is getting yield in mango-wadi, and every year his income increases,
he gets horticulture support to sustainable livelihood due to when he gets yield he gives some
input for mango and his production has been increases every year also he has to done some
pest attack. And he is selling these mangos in Shelamba market and in his village only.
After some days he got AKSRP(I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and some village exposure
visit, in this exposure visit, he have seen mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby places he
had visited in last 10 years.
Also, he has one cow and one buffalo. He sells 5 lit. /day milk to dairy. By using milk
business, he is getting more support for his sustainable livelihood.
110
Graph: 6.17.2 Mango-wadi net returns
From 2002-2004 he did not cultivated any crop as intercrop in Wadi, but from year 2005 he
started cultivating maize and red gram up to year 2008, but net income was considerably
lower. After this he started growing Paddy as intercrop, from in 2010, he grew vegetables and
from these vegetables he got good return because he got good prices for vegetables he grew.
In year 2011 again he added some vegetable crops like brinjal, lady finger and also got
considerable return from vegetables as well as mango wadi.
Breakeven point in 6th year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.17.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
111
Intercropping Cost & Benefit
year of sowing 2002 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Crop Mango
Maiz
e
Red
gram
Red
gram Mango
Maiz
e
Mang
o
Padd
y
Mang
o
Padd
y Brinjal
Onio
n
Mang
o
Padd
y Brinjal
Ladies
finger
Mang
o
Yield(Qt/Acre) 2 1 0.8 2 2 3 6 3 6 2 3 4 7 2 3 5
value of (Rs./Qt) 599 2875 1670 1500 795 1500 1001 1800 920 1000 2337 2000 943 1500 800 1500
Gross Return(A) 0 1198 2875 1336 3000 1590 4500 6006 5400 5520 2000 7011 8000 6601 3000 2400 7500
Paid out cost of production
Seedlings 800
Equipments 750
Seeds 100 50 50 200 240 240 20 20 240 20 20
Fertilizer 1350 300 300 300 350 530 600 160 160 600 160 160
Pesticides 300 200 200 200 200 520
Transportation 150 150 200
Water Charges 200 300 300 200 100 100 150 150 100 150 150
labor cost 300 300 240 240 160 400 160 320 320 400 500 500 400 400 500 500 400
Total paid out cost
(TVC) ( C ) 3500 900 890 890 160 1150 160 1190 470 1340 1030 1030 550 1340 1030 1030 1120
Return over paid out
cost -3500 298 1985 446 2840 440 4340 4816 4930 4180 970 5981 7450 5261 1970 1370 6380
BCR - TVC basis
(gross return/TVC) 0 1.33 3.23 1.50 18.7 1.38 28.1 5.047 11.4 4.11 1.94 6.80 14.5 4.92 2.91 2.33 6.69
Total exp. 3500 900 890 1050 1310 1660 3950 4520
Total Income 0 1198 2875 4336 6090 11406 22531 19501
Net Returns -3500 298 1985 3286 4780 9746 18581 14981
112
Case -6.18 Santu Shipa Choudhary
Village: Gondadevi
Block: Mandvi
Dist.: Surat (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 3.34 acre
Irrigated Land: 3.34 acre
Age: 60 years
Mob No. +91-9712314062
Education: 4th std.
Background:
Shnatu has three sons, Vijay is working in Bio-gas project, Jaish is driver and Naresh is
working in dairy plant in his own village. He has four grandsons and three granddaughters
they all are in school. Total 17 members there in the family. Main occupation of the family is
agriculture, and second source of income is milk dairy business. This is running from since
18 years.
Shantu has 3.34 acre land and total land comes under irrigated land. For irrigation source he
has one group open well that works in whole year but in summer, water level goes down. In
this group well there are 12 members, this group well provides by AKRSP (I) in 2001, people
are getting water from 2002 and they charged some rupees for water, and that money can be
used for maintenance purpose. Also this group has mobile engine.
Before intervention he has migrated for working in village forestry department, he did work
there more than 15 year. He used to migrate because of low availability of land; also he was
able to take only single crop through the year. Because he didn’t have irrigation facility. Then
in 2001, AKRSP (I) went to his village and gave irrigation source as group well and mobile
engine. From that year onwards he grows in two seasons in a year. In that he is taking
vegetables, paddy in every year.
When AKRSP (I) came for wadi project, they conducted meeting in village and he was there
in the meeting but no one showed the interest in wadi project. But after some days he realized
that his elder son was saying right that wadi is very good project and that will help you in the
future, finally he took the wadi.
113
The main problem of the village is irrigation source. People always think that without water
we cannot do anything.
In 2002, he took one acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 30 keshar and 10 Rajapuri
seedlings. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost,
pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and till now he didn’t invest any money on that, he just do
only labor work in mango-wadi.
In intercropping he took some vegetables in summer season and in kharif season he took only
paddy he grow vegetables like, Ladies finger, onion, Brinjal and Chili. These crops have
good market value in summer season.
Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and didn’t get good yield. In 2001 he get group
well and that time he took some vegetables and sell to local market Jankhvav is 6 km from
Gondadevi village.
Graph: 6.18.1 Mango Production:
From Last 4 year he is getting mango production, every year production of mango is
increasing and he is getting more money. In first year he got only 100KG production from
some plant then production was increase he got 6, 9, 12 quintal production in next three years
respectively.
He has 2 cows and 4 buffalo that give support to his livelihood, every day he sell 12 lit. Milk
and he got average price 32-35 Rs/lit.
Also, he is beneficiary of Flower farm, Pamroja farm, Bio-gas plant, SHG and SRI Farming
procedure doing in paddy every year. This was the good support from AKRSP (I) and my life
has changed. Now I have store food grains for whole year for consumption.
114
Graph: 6.18.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:
Wadi was cultivated in 2002 with different vegetables as intercrops, trend was continued up
to year 2007 and got mixed level of income every year, In year 2008 wadi started giving yield
and also concerned farmer decided to switch from vegetables to food grains like sorghum and
got good returns from 2008 onwards.
Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7
115
Table: 6.18.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006
Crop Paddy Sorghum Mango Paddy Ladies finger Paddy Ground Nut Paddy Onion Paddy Brinjal
Yield(Qt/Acre) 12 5 10 20 10 4 12 25 10 10 value of (Rs./Qt) 574 617 624 500 501 1778 587 584 610 700 Gross Return(A+B) 6888 3085 0 6240 10000 5010 7112 7044 14600 6100 7000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 750 Seeds 150 100 150 1000 150 1000 150 150 200 100 Fertilizer 1200 600 600 1200 600 1200 600 1300 300 1400 800 Pesticide 300 600 900 Water Charges 100 200 100 600 100 500 100 600 100 800 labor cost 900 450 600 900 900 900 1200 900 1500 900 900 cost of production (C ) 2350 1350 3850 2350 3700 2350 3300 2450 2550 2600 3500 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 4538 1735 -3850 3890 6300 2660 3812 4594 12050 3500 3500 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 2.93 2.29 0.00 2.66 2.70 2.13 2.16 2.88 5.73 2.35 2.00 total cost 7550 6050 5650 5000 6100 total income 9973 16240 12122 21644 13100 recover income 2423 10190 6472 16644 7000
116
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011
Crop Paddy Chili Paddy Same beans Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Sorghum Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 20 10 20 1 10 6 10 9 11 2 12 value of (Rs./Qt) 681 1000 921 1000 1500 1001 1800 920 2000 943 1487 2000 Gross Return 5448 20000 9210 20000 1500 10010 10800 9200 18000 10373 2974 24000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 200 240 250 240 240 240 240 Fertilizer 1800 800 1800 500 1850 2000 2000 1000 Pesticide 600 300 Transportation 300 700 1000 Water Charges 100 400 150 450 150 200 200 400 labor cost 1200 2400 1200 1000 400 1200 400 1500 750 1500 750 750 cost of production (C ) 3300 4400 3390 2500 400 3440 700 3940 1450 3940 2390 1750 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2148 15600 5820 17500 1100 6570 10100 5260 16550 6433 584 22250 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.65 4.55 2.72 8.00 3.75 2.91 15.43 2.34 12.41 2.63 1.24 13.71 Total cost 7700 6290 4140 5390 8080 Total income 25448 30710 20810 27200 37347 Recover income 17748 24420 16670 21810 29267
117
Case- 6.19 Shiva Nuraji Vasava
Village: Pathadi
Block: Dediapada
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 10 acre
Irrigated Land: 3 acre
Age: 48 years
Mob No. +91-9408262142
Education: 4rd std.
Shiva has one son named as Ramsingh and he is doing agriculture. There are nine members
in the Family. Including two grandsons and three granddaughters, all are going to school.
Agriculture is main source of his family.
He has 9 acre land. Out of that 3 acre land is under irrigation, remaining 7 acre is depends
upon rain. As irrigation source he has one open well and it is working trough out the year. He
uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well.
Before, intervention of wadi project, he was working as labor. He had been migrated to other
places like, Ankleshwar, Surat and Navsari. Shiva use to migrate for to generate income that
he can maintain the sustainable livelihood. During migration he was working in the
construction sector. Around five to six month he used to migrate through the year and
migrated only in dry season.
Also, before intervention of land leveling his land is too sloppy and undulating land which
leads to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1995, AKRSP (I)
provided a support and land was leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way. This
was the NABARD project of watershed management but it supported by AKRSP (I).
He said that “AKRSP (I) had implemented so many projects in his village like in 1996,
organization worked on “VANIKARAN PROJECT” for this project village community had
given to support, for this they formed group of 25 members that was Goan vikas mandal.
118
That time we planted some Trees like, Nilgiri, Vas, Bamboo, Sag van (Local name) in
forestry area. Also in 2004 organization came with MANGO WADI project.”
For the mango wadi project they conducted meeting. That time near about 10 people were
ready to take the project and he was one of them.
In 2004, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in one acre land and he got 40 mango seedlings (35
keshar and 5 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the
supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost,
pesticides, Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in between each tree is 8X8
meter; he is cutting trees from last three year. Finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.
And thought to take another acre wadi and took in one more acre wadi in 2009. In this wadi
he got 40 Trees.
He is doing intercropping in this wadi; he is taking Chili, Sorghum and Red gram in that land.
That is giving him an additional income for sustainable livelihood.
Graph: 6.19.1 mango production
Since from three year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in
Gandevi market & Local market. Also, his mango yield increase by every year. He gives
some fertilizers and pesticides for getting more income.
Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and got an exposure
to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby.
119
Graph: 6.19.2 Mango-wadi net returns:
In above table, we can see in 2004 he had not earned even what he invested due to his chili
cultivation was failed therefore he could not get good production then he grew only Red gram
and Sorghum, from 2006, he has been earning good return and amount that he invested as
well as some profit also. Graph reveals after year 2009, when mango production started his
income went on increasing per year.
Breakeven point in 3rd year see annexure table:1.7
Table: 6.19.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis
120
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2004 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011
Crop Chili Mango Red gram Sorghum Red
gram Sorgh
um Red
gram Mango Sorghu
m Mango Red
gram Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 1.5 5 2.5 6 2 2 5 3 2 5 value of (Rs./Qt) 500 1776 901 1670 692 2191 1500 1046 2500 3211 2000 Gross Return 2000 0 2664 4505 4175 4152 4382 3000 5230 7500 6422 10000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 2250 Seeds 100 150 250 200 250 600 300 600 Fertilizer 55 600 120 120 150 150 160 180 1000 180 1000 Pesticide 300 300 150 0 250 0 500 0 600 500 600 Transportation 0 0 150 400 Water Charges 100 100 100 150 200 300 200 240 labor cost 450 600 300 300 300 400 400 750 500 750 500 750 cost of production (C ) 1005 5350 820 770 1050 1000 1960 750 1180 2500 2020 2750 Return over paid out cost 995 -5350 1844 3735 3125 3152 2422 2250 4050 5000 4402 7250 BCR - TC basis 1.990 0 3.248 5.85 3.97 4.152 2.23 4 4.43 3 3.1 3.63 total cost 6355 820 770 1050 1000 2710 3680 4770 total income 2000 2664 4505 4175 4152 7382 12730 16422 recover income -4355 1844 3735 3125 3152 4672 9050 11652
121
Case- 6.20 Ukadia Jataria
Village: Sakawa (Koliwada)
Block: Dediapada
Dist.: Narmada (GJ)
Occupation: Agriculture
Own Land: 2 acre
Irrigated Land: 2 acre
Age: 55 year
Education: 2nd std.
Background:
Ukadia has one son, he is doing in agriculture. He has three brother and all are doing in
agriculture. He has 2 acre of irrigated land. Source irrigation has been available from last four
year. Due to running water available through river near to his farm. As he is poor farmer he is
not able to afford a motor pump which can supply water to his farm from 500mt distance.
When there was no irrigation facility available in his farm he has been migrating to various
places like, Surat, Ankleswar and Bharuch. Where ever he went he worked as agri-labor or
construction labor. He went out for search work only four year. Along with him he used to
take his brother for work.
In 2003, AKRSP (I) has came with new plan to improve the living condition of these village
kohaliwada and Sakawa. That time they conducted meeting for mango-wadi. Ukadia also, he
attended this meeting and he thought about mango-wadi and also, he got interested to took
mango-wadi. He had a discussion with his family member. According to suggestion taken by
his family member he agrees to go for it.
Then, he bought 38 Trees of mango and all are Keshar. But due to lack of source irrigation
three Trees has been dead and now survival Trees is 35. Actually he has done digging for
mango plant at own hard work. Also, he bought some equipments, fertilizers and pesticides
(Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermin compost, pesticides) from AKRSPI. From last five year he
could gives only one trolley F.Y.M. every year. Before five year he didn’t invest any money
to wadi. Sometimes he carried water from river and provided to plants in first year. As he was
very laborious person so, he has tried to put full effort for mango-wadi to be success.
122
Also, he has taken intercropping in wadi, he grow intercropping in paddy, cotton, Chickpea
and pearl millet) last three year he watered to intercropping and he got good yield from this
intercropping.
Graph: 6.20.1 Mango average per Tree production
Last 5 year, Mango production has been increasing continually. In first year there was only 1
quintal production but from second year and on words it was increased in the production. He
got 3, 3.5, 4, 5 quintal respectively production, last four year he sold mangoes to village &
Dediapada local market.
Sakawa village is outside from kohaliwada. Where there is no facility of transportation till
now he has been using bullock cart for transportation purpose. But from kohaliwada village
there is mode of transportation available by jeep or auto rickshaw.
He has 1 cow that support to his livelihood and he is able to sustain in his life. That every day
he sell 2 lit/day milk and he got average price 22-25 Rs.
123
Table: 6.20.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008
Crop Paddy Cotton Mango Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 3 0.2 3 2.5 3 3.5 1 3 3 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 2310 501 587 610 681 1500 921 1800 Gross Return 1872 462 1503 1467.5 1830 2383.5 1500 2763 5400 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1120 equipments 750 Seeds 150 250 150 150 200 200 200 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 425 425 600 600 600 700 700 600 800 600 Pesticides 300 150 Transportation 150 Water Charges 200 300 300 200 labor cost 300 300 600 240 240 160 400 320 160 320 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 875 1475 3220 1290 1290 1060 1500 920 1160 1070 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 997 -1013 -3220 213 177.5 770 883.5 580 1603 4330 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.14 0.31 0.00 1.17 1.14 1.73 1.59 1.63 2.38 5.05 Total exp. 5570 1290 1290 1060 2420 2230 Total Income 2334 1503 1467.5 1830 3883.5 8163 Net Returns -3236 213 177.5 770 1463.5 5933
124
Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011
Crop Paddy Chickpea Mango Paddy pearl millet Mango Paddy
pearl millet Mango
Yield(Qt/Acre) 10 1 3.5 10 6 4 12 5 5 value of (Rs./Qt) 1001 2000 1800 920 1287 2000 943 967 2000 Gross Return 10010 2000 6300 9200 7722 8000 11316 4835 10000 Paid out cost of production Equipments 400 Seeds 240 400 240 1000 240 1000 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 850 900 600 1000 1400 600 1000 1400 600 Pesticides 300 200 200 Transportation 150 200 200 Water Charges 800 800 800 4000 800 4000 labor cost 320 320 400 500 400 400 500 400 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2210 2400 1070 2440 7100 1200 2440 7100 1600 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 7800 -400 5230 6760 622 6800 8876 -2265 8400 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.529412 0.833333 5.88785 3.770492 1.087606 6.666667 4.637705 0.680986 6.25 Total exp. 5680 10740 11140 Total Income 18310 24922 26151 Net Returns 12630 14182 15011
125
Graph: 6.20.2 Wadi net returns
At first five year, he did not received considerable income and suffered loss, from fifth year
he got mango yield and he got good returns from the wadi. From year 2007 onwards he got
good income from wadi and income has been increased every year. When he got mango-yield
he bought diesel engine for irrigation purpose. First five year (2003-2007) he grew only
paddy and in fifth year he got good mango yield and he changed intercrops like, pearl millet
and Chickpea in summer.
Breakeven point in 8th year see annexure table:1.7
126
Chapter: 7. References:
1. http://www.mangifera.org
2. http://nhm.nic.in/
3. http://nhb.gov.in
4. http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/hods/dir-horticulture.htm
5. http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1474&lang=English
6. http://guj-tribaldevelopment.gov.in/
7. http://tribal.guj.nic.in/
127
SI No. ………………
Background:
Name of District
Name of AKSP(I) Cluster
Name of the Village
MIS Code
Name of Farmer
Age of Respondent
Name of Interviewer
Date
Household members
Adult Children Total
Male Female Male Female
School going Children
Sex Before intervention After intervention
Male
Female
Chapter: 8. ANNEXTURE AKRSP (I), Gujarat
HORTICULTURE PROGRMMES QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is a part of study conducted on “Assessment of result of Horticulture
programmes in Tribal South Gujarat region”
128
Source of Income code:
S. No. Source of household
income
Before intervention (in
Rs.)
After intervention (in Rs.)
1 Farmer
2 Agri-Labor
3 Artician
4 Business
5 Salaried Job
6 Non Agri-labor
7 Others
If other then Specify:
Land holding (area in acre)
Total
land
Irrigated land Rain fed Land Waste land
Agriculture Horticulture Agriculture Horticulture Agriculture Horticulture
Total
Irrigation Source for Horticulture crops (Skip if no Irrigated land)
Sources of
Irrigation
Private =1,
Public =2
Working
throughout the
year? Yes =1
No = 2.
If No, How
many months it
is working?
How many
people in
Group/Public?
1 Well
2 Bore well
4 Through
mobile engine
5 Lift irrigation
6 Canal
7 Drip Irrigation
8 Others
Remarks (if any):
129
Inter cropping:
Input (Horticulture) AKRSP (I) (Amount
in Rs.) Own Contribution
(Amount in Rs.)
Quantity Price Quantity Price Seedlings Keshar
Rajapuri
Trees
Survival Keshar
Rajapuri
Spacing …………..X………..meter
Fertilizer 1. 2. 3.
Pesticide 1. 2. 3.
Labor
Charges Hired Male ……..(Days)
….....(per
day)
…...(Days)
Female ……..(Days) ….....(per
day)
……..(Days) ….....(per
day)
Own Male
Female
Water charges
Transportation
Others
Total
130
Post harvest Management:
1. Method of harvesting?
:-
2. Harvest Period (Start/End)?
:-
3. on farm value addition (Washing, Sorting, Grading, etc)?
Washing (Y/N): If Yes,
Sorting (Y/N): If Yes,
Grading (Y/N): If yes,
Storage (Y/N): If yes, where to store (Home, Own Godown, Govt.Godown)
How much cost they have to pay for storage?
Packaging (Y/N): If Yes, Type of packaging and cost?
Marketing:
1. Where you sell Mango? (City market, Local market, Village market)
2. If any middle person in process of selling, how much he take from farmer?
3. Mode of Transportation? And how many cost you have to pay?
131
Income from Agriculture & Horticulture Crop:
Horticulture Crop:
Livestock and poultry assets
A B C
Category Number
Present market
value (Rs.)
Scope of
alternative
1 Cow
2 Bullock
3 Buffalo
4 Calf
5 Goat/Sheep
6 Poultry
7 Others (specify)
Remarks (if any):
How effectively/productively this livestock is being managed.
Excellent [1] Good [2] Average [3] Bad [4]
Did you avail for any government subsidy scheme/loan for buying Cows/Buffaloes?
YES [1] NO [2]
Details 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Crop Production Quantity (qt)
Price (per qt)
Total Quantity sold
HH Utility
132
Benefits:
Items 2002 2012
Agricultural Equipments
Bullock cart
Tractor
Cycle
Irrigation well / bore well
Motor pump/ Engine
Vehicle
Radio
T.V.
Telephone/Mobile
No. of rooms
Migration Details:
Before Intervention After Intervention
Total Members Male
Female
Reason for migration
Wage per day Male
Female
Months of migration
Migration Place
How frequently the committee meeting of “WADI VIKAS ZUT” is organized in a
year/month?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do you have equal say in the meetings/ Decision making?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What do you feel about AKRSP? What are your expectations from AKRSP?
According to you what is the need related to Horticulture programmes in village?
133
Table: 9.2 Price List: Average prices as on December month
Crop name / Year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2009 2010 2011 Mar-2012
Peddy (Rs./Quiental)
(Dahod) 411
(Dahod) 574
(Gandhinagar) 624
(Surat) 501
(Suarat) 587
(surat) 610
(surat) 681
(surat) 921
(surat)1001
(surat) 920
(surat) 943
(surat) 1049
Ground Nut
(Dahod) 1250
(Dahod) 1556
(Dahod) 1550
(Surat) 1778
(Suarat) 1624
(surat) 2155
(surat) 2423
(surat) 2231
(surat)2621
(surat) 3117
(surat) 3684
(surat) 4650
Tuver (Dahod) 1901
(Rajkot) 1427
(Bhavnagar) 1288
(Surat) 1520
(Bhavnagar) 1776
(surat) 2875
(surat) 1670
(surat) 2115
(surat)2191
(surat) 2165
(surat) 3211
(surat) 3494
Sorghum
(Dahod) 275
(Rajkot) 617
(Dahod) 392
(Surat) 685
(surat) 795
(surat) 901
(surat) 984
(surat) 692
(surat) 1047
(surat) 1046
(surat) 1487
(surat) 1680
Bajra (Dahod) 400
(Rajkot) 575
(Dahod) 507
(Dahod) 571
(Dahod) 675
(surat) 902
(surat) 733
(surat) 976
(surat) 1222
(surat) 1287
(Dahod) 967
(Dahod) 1043
Makai/ Maize
(Dahod) 435
(Rajkot) 569
(Dahod) 500
(Dahod) 590
(Dahod) 599
(surat) 879
(surat) 666
(surat) 795
(surat) 934
(surat) 866
(surat) 752
(surat) 596
Udad / Black Grams
(Dahod) 1630
(Dahod) 1328
(Dahod) 1126
(Surat) 1400
(Surat) 2492
(surat) 2946
(surat) 1569
(surat) 2189
(surat) 4619
(surat) 3049
(surat) 3247
(surat) 3101
Soyabean
(Dahod) 1028
(Dahod) 1333
(Dahod) 1409
(Dahod) 1269
(Dahod) 1107
(surat) 1309
(surat) 1770
(surat) 1701
(surat) 2292
(surat) 2119
(surat) 2259
(surat) 2819
Cotton (Bhavnagar) 1664
(Bhavnagar) 1971
(Bhavnagar) 2310
(Bhavnagar) 1919
(Bhavnagar) 1985
(surat) 1935
(surat) 2281
(surat) 2644
(surat) 3140
(surat) 4206
(surat) 4055
(surat) 3975
Wheat (Rajkot) 849
(Dahod) 839
(Dahod) 1150
(Surat) 706
(Surat) 828
(surat) 1140
(surat) 1005
(surat) 1146
(surat) 1508
(surat) 1396
(surat) 1000
(surat) 1253
Onion (Dahod) 456
(Dahod) 357
(Dahod) 699
(Surat) 338
(Dahod) 584
(surat) 604
(surat) 520
(surat) 1094
(surat) 1306
(surat) 2337
(surat) 639
(surat) 471
Tomato (Rajkot) 553
(Dahod) 192
(Dahod) 313
(Surat) 406
(Surat) 319
(surat) 759
(surat) 484
(surat) 728
(surat) 682
(surat) 1156
(surat) 420
(surat) 812
Source: url://www.agmark.nic.in
134
Table: 1.3 Horticulture beneficiaries of tribal south Gujarat region
Cluster
Name
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
Grand
Total
Dediapada 263 334 401 841 519 256 280 686 850 4430
Mandvi 143 112 25 242 522 273 259 134 1710
Naswadi 253 592 589 1434
Netrang 83 262 247 736 518 114 183 166 240 2549
Sagbara 220 124 695 767 842 759 160 457 500 4524
Umarpada 1 253 919 116 1289
Grand Total 709 832
136
8
258
7
290
7
291
3
158
7
144
3
159
0 15936
(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)
Horticulture wadi program was started from 2002 in Gujarat and worked in these 6 clusters.
They achieved above 15936 beneficiaries. They covered 3 districts Surat, Narmada and
Baruch. In Dediapada, there is highest no. of beneficiaries farmer are found i.e. 4524 and
1289 in Umarpada cluster is lowest. In Umarpada there is work started from 2005 and in
Naswadi there is only three year work has been done.
Table: 1.4 Species wise beneficiaries:
Cluster
Name Name Of Specie 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Grand
Total
Dediapada Mango 263 334 401 841 519 256 64 850 3528
MANGO(KESER) 281 281
Mango, lemon 341 341
Mango, Lemon,
Chikoo 280 280
Dediapada
Total 263 334 401 841 519 256 280 686 850 4430
Mandvi Lemon 3 3
Mango 103 112 25 242 521 273 259 134 1669
135
Sapota 3 1 4
Mandvi
Total 109 112 25 242 522 273 259 134 1676
Naswadi Chicku 148 3 151
Lemon 128 7 135
Mango 135 315 71 521
Mango,Lemon,Sarg
vo 118 118
Mango,Sapota,Lem
on 508 508
Naswadi
Total 253 591 589 1433
Netrang Mango 68 262 247 736 518 114 183 240 2368
Mango, lemon 166 166
Netrang
Total 68 262 247 736 518 114 183 166 240 2534
Sagbara Chiku 118 118
Lemon 135 135
Lemon, Chiku,
Mango 160 18 89 267
Mango 220 124 695 767 842 506 189 411 3754
Mango ,Lemon 250 250
Sagbara
Total 220 124 695 767 842 759 160 457 500 4524
Umarpada Chikoo 60 309 36 405
Lemon 1 64 260 23 348
Mango 120 349 57 526
Umarpada
Total 1 244 918 116 1279
Grand
Total 660 832 1368 2587 2898 2911 1587 1443 1590 15876
(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)
136
These tables stated the distribution of wadi beneficiaries based on the species. In 2002,
highest amount of species was distributed and in 2004, lowest amount was distributed. In
Dediapada highest mango species are distributed. And In Sagbara cluster highest species are
distributed.
Table: 1.5 Area in Ha of species wise Horticulture covered in Tribal South Gujarat Region:
Cluster Name
Name Of Specie 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Grand Total
Dediapada Mango 0 0 0 1.6 0
74.2
6
12.5
5 4.4 92.81
MANGO 75.4 75.4
Mango,lemon 89 89
Mango,Lemon
,Chiku 75 75
Dediapada
Total 0 0 0 1.6 0
74.2
6 75
176.
95 4.4 332.21
Mandvi Lemon 0.03 0.03
Mango 6.37
25.0
4 5.06 6.8
84.5
1
54.1
3 34.2 15.7 231.81
Chiku 0.13 0.2 0.33
Mandvi
Total 6.53
25.0
4 5.06 6.8
84.7
1
54.1
3 34.2 15.7 232.17
Naswadi Chiku
35.5
8 0.7 36.28
Lemon
30.8
6 0.1 30.96
Mango 16.1
87.9
1 12.1 116.11
Mango,Lemon 30.5 30.5
Mango,
Chiku,Lemon
184.
4 184.4
Naswadi
Total 46.6
154.
35
197.
3 398.25
Netrang Mango 0 0 1 12.7
52.0
5 0
29.5
6 67.05 162.36
Mango,lemon 43 43
Netrang
Total 0 0 1 12.7
52.0
5 0
29.5
6 43 67.05 205.36
Sagbara Chiku 2.96 2.96
137
(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)
These tables stated the horticulture program in south Gujarat based on the area distribution.
The total area covered is 1942.57 hector. In Sagbara, largest area is covered 757.98 hector
and the smallest area comes under Netrang cluster is 205.36 hector.
Table: 1.6 Mango- beneficiaries in all clusters:
Cluster
Benefited Farmers farmers
based on year (2002-10)
Dediapada 2391
Sagbara 2520
Netrang 1658
Mandvi 1356
Umarpada 457
Naswadi 996
Total 9378
(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)
There are total 9378 mango-beneficiaries. Highest no. of beneficiaries is found in Sagbara
and lowest no. is found in Umarpada. This mango wadi program helps a lot to increase their
source of income.
Lemon 3.96 3.96
Lemon,Chiku,
Mango
57.2
2 3.6 17.8 78.62
Mango
61.9
4
17.2
7
243.
01 0
107.
48
107.
33
50.9
7 2.4 590.4
Lemon
82.0
4 82.04
Sagbara
Total
61.9
4
17.2
7
243.
01 0
107.
48
114.
25
57.2
2
136.
61 20.2 757.98
Umarpada Chiku 2 2 0 4
Lemon 0 0 1.25 0 1.25
Mango 4.1 7.25 0 11.35
Umarpada
Total 0 6.1 10.5 0 16.6
Grand
Total
68.4
7
42.3
1
249.
07 21.1
296.
94
407.
49
393.
28
372.
26 91.65 1942.57
138
Table 1.7 Break Even Point of Farmers:
Name of farmer/ year 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th Santu shipa chaudhary 2423 10190 6472 16644 7000 17748 24420 16670 21810 29267 Ramsingh Bablia 4544 8218 8933 9657 11879 15961 27991 30802 37178 Rajesh Murji Vasava 200 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 4530 12350 17750 Balwant Umaid Vasava -5146 0 0 0 0 1852 3888 7092 10850 Dhanjibhai Kotania -4262 168 430 8390 9070 1671 8405 13371
Ramesh Surji
-28281 7013 8667 13130 19300 32085 19100 38000 46500
Shiva Naruji -4355 1844 3735 3125 3152 4672 9050 11652 Ukadia Jataria -3236 213 177 770 1463 5933 12630 14182 15011
Ajaybhai Hursimbhai 1960 -3026
-2029 454 4477 12383 22032 37080 33371
Bachu Gimia 240 800 2250 6000 8500 12000 16000 5000
Kiransingh vasava 3733 -544 -
3620 43500 2790 -157 163 363 12090 6991 Bhikubhai Tadvi 2600 813 800 750 -550 4750 7420 11160
Dhanjibhai Bondabhai -4900 2920 2608 3887 4235 7244 8805 Dineshbhai Navalbhai 4610 2900 5968 6172 4446 14887 16541 26345 14764
Lalubhai Tade -7014 -1155 9110 1286 7130 13884 18710 14252 Sakarambhai Tadve -3500 0 0 298 1985 3286 4780 9746 18581 14981
Dhanabhai Dungersingh -
10081 3025 5586 4475 16375 17657 20911
Karansingh Dhamnia -
10002 -202 -331 2038 2739 -434 1979
Laxman Tadvi -
12478 2620 3599 2276 16796 7310 41107
Murji Kotania -
10612 1490 1164 3249 4791 5004 5666