hospital history

8/11/2019 Hospital History

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HISTORY

of

HOSPITALS


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HISTORY As early as 4000 BC religions

identified certain of their deities with

healing. The temples of Saturn, andlater of Asclepius in Asia Minor, were

recognized as healing centres.

Brahmanic hospitals were

established in Sri Lanka as early as

431 BC, and King Asoka established

a chain of hospitals in Hindustanabout 230 BC.

Around 100 BC the Romans

established hospitals

(valetudinaria) for the treatment oftheir sick and injured soldiers, and

gladiators; their care was

important because it was upon the

integrity of the legions that the

power of Rome was based.


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The earliest documented institutionsaiming to provide cures were ancient

Egyptiantemples. In ancient Greece,

temples dedicated to the healer-

godAsclepius, known

as Asclepieia(Ancient Greek:

, sing.Asclepieion, ),functioned as centres of medical

advice, prognosis, and healing.[1]At

these shrines, patients would enter a

dream-like state of induced sleep

known as enkoimesis() notunlike anesthesia, in which they either

received guidance from the deity in a

dreamor were cured by surgery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeion.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt


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Asclepeia provided carefully controlled spaces conducive to healingand fulfilled several of the requirements of institutions created for

healing.The worship of Asclepius was adopted by the Romans.

Under his Roman name sculapius, he was provided with a temple

(291 BC) on an island in theTiberin Rome, where similar rites were

performed.

Institutions created specifically to care for the ill also appeared earlyin India. All the poor and destitute in the country, orphans, widowers,

and childless men, maimed people and cripples, and all who are

diseased, go to those houses, and are provided with every kind of

help, and doctors examine their diseases. India the first part of the

world to have evolved an organized cosmopolitan system of

institutionally-based medical provision
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome


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Modern concept ofHospital :AD 331

Constantine : abolished

all pagan hospitals. The

Christian traditionemphasized the close

relationship of the

sufferer to his fellow man,

upon whom rested theobligation for care. Illness

thus became a matter for

the Christian church.


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AD 370 St. Basil of Caesarea established a religiousfoundation in Cappadocia that included a hospital, an

isolation unit for those suffering from leprosy, and

buildings to house the poor, the elderly, and the sick.

Hospitals were built in the Eastern part of the RomanEmpire.

St. Benedict at Monte Cassino, founded early in the 6thcentury, where the care of the sick was placed above

and before every other Christian duty

Establishment of similar monastic infirmaries in thewestern part of the empire


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The Htel-Dieu of Lyon was openedin 542 and the Htel-Dieu of Paris in

660. In these hospitals more attention

was given to the well-being of the

patient's soul than to curing bodily

ailments. The manner in which

monks cared for their own sick

became a model for the laity. The

monasteries had an infirmitorium, a

place to which their sick were taken

for treatment. The monasteries had apharmacy and frequently a garden

with medicinal plants. In addition to

caring for sick monks, the

monasteries opened their doors to

pilgrims and to other travelers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hotel_Dieu_in_Paris_about_1500.gif


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Military hospitals came into being along the traveled routes; theKnights Hospitalers of the Order of St. John in 1099 established in

the Holy Land a hospital that could care for some 2,000 patients.

12th century, the number of hospitals grew rapidly in Europe.

The Arabs established hospitals in Baghdad and Damascus and in

Crdoba in Spain. Arab hospitals were notable for the fact that theyadmitted patients regardless of religious belief, race, or social order.

The Hospital of the Holy Ghost, founded in 1145 at Montpellier in

France, established a high reputation and later became one of the

most important centres in Europe for the training of doctors.

The Middle Ages also saw the beginnings of support for hospital-likeinstitutions by secular authorities

This gradual transfer of responsibility for institutional health care fromthe church to civil authorities continued in Europe after the dissolution

of the monasteries in 1540 by Henry VIII, which put an end to

hospital building in England for some 200 years.


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The first voluntary hospital in England was probablyestablished in 1718 by Huguenots from France

Westminster Hospital in 1719,

Guy's Hospital in 1724 the London Hospital in 1740.

Little Hospital, was opened in Edinburgh in 1729.

The first hospital in North America was built in Mexico

City in 1524 by Corts MihintaleHospital is the oldest in the world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihintalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihintale


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A physician visiting the

sick

in a hospital, German

engraving

from 1682
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engravinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engravinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Physician_in_hospital_sickroom_printed_1682.jpg


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1820 Engraving ofGuy's HospitalinLondonone of the first voluntary hospitals

to be established in 1724.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy's_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy's_Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guy's_Hospital00.jpg


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Lithograph showing Nightingale talking with an armyofficer at Barracks Hospital in Scutari, 1856


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Men's casual ward, West London

Union, 1860


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Elderly care at a Manchester hospital in the

1970s


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hospital history

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