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Host Resistance and the Human Immune System Lecture Outline for Module 3
Human Resistance
Chapter 24, Pages 329-334 Resistance: First Line of Defense 329-330 Resistance: Second Line of Defense 331-333 Adaptive Immunity 333-334
1. Resistance to Infection and Disease (Pages 329 - 334)
A. Mechanical / Physical Barriers (Pages 329 – 330) i. Unbroken Skin ii. Normal Flora of Skin iii. pH (Acidification of the skin) iv. Tears
• Lysozyme v. Mucous Membrane of Respiratory Track
B. Physiological Barriers (Pages 331 – 333) i. Inflammatory Process (see image link on web links)
a. Break in Skin b. Introduction of microorganism c. Chemical Histamine triggers Inflammation d. Vasodilation of blood vessels e. Clotting isolates bacteria f. White blood cells migrate into wound g. Secrete pyrogen that increases temperature h. Phagocytosis i. Healing
LYSOZYME
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Lysozyme digests bacterial cell wall.Cell membrane now ruptures
Microbiology FS Microbial Control, Virulence, and Human Immune System Lecture Outline
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ii. Fever iii. Phagocytosis by Immune Cells
iv. Lysozyme (see above) v. Stomach Acid (Gastric Juice)
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2
3
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The phagocyte engulfs bacteria (1). The bacteria is now in within the phagocyte (2). Containers of digestive enzymes (3) now fuse with the container containing the bacte-ria (4). Digestive enzymes will now come in contact with bacterial (5) and begin digest-ing it (6). Any waste is released from the phagocyte.
IncreasingBacterial Stress
IncreasingBacterial Stress
BacterialGrowth
Rage
Bacterial Survival Normal
BodyTemperature
Fever
Body Temperature
High
0
Note that as temperature increases with fever, the abiligy of bacteria to survive decreases.
Microbiology FS Microbial Control, Virulence, and Human Immune System Lecture Outline
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vi. Interferon (If time permits) (Page 333)
C. Human Immune System (Pages 333 – 334)
i. Antigens and Antibodies
ii. Development and Response of the Immune System SEE HANDOUT !!
LK K
K
P P
L L
L
K KP
P
K
Molecular MarkersIndividual 1
Molecular MarkersIndividual 2
Immune Resposeresults in Antibody
Production Antibody-AntigenComplex forms,
Cell marked for destruction
Transplant
Microbiology FS Microbial Control, Virulence, and Human Immune System Lecture Outline
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Bacteria with antigens
Immune Cells with Antibodies that they would produce
Bacteria with Antibody / Antigen Complex
Antibody willbond to Antigen
Immunocompetence
Microbiology FS Microbial Control, Virulence, and Human Immune System Lecture Outline
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HemopoieticStem Cells
Stem Cells Stem Cells
Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils
Monocytes
Nonspecific Host Immunity
Specific HostImmunity
B T“Incompetent”Lymphocytes
“Competent”Lymphocytes
ThymusGlandBone
Marrow
Conferance ofImmunocompetence
in Bone Marrowand
Thymus Gland
B T T TBB
ETC ETC
LymphaticOrgans
Immune CellDevelopment
HumeralImmunity
CellularImmunity
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Microbiology FS Microbial Control, Virulence, and Human Immune System Lecture Outline
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B T
TT
T
Tc
Tc
TcTc
B B
B
Bp
Tc TcTc Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Infection
Antibodies and TC cells enter circulation and to to site of infection
Introduction to Humoral and Cellular Immunity
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