HotSpot Health Physics Codes

Version 3.0

Users Guide

Steven G. Homann

Fernando Aluzzi

National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Livermore, CA 94550

August 27, 2014

LLNL-SM-636474

HotSpot Users Guide

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Disclaimer

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

Auspices Statement

This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Acknowledgements Special thanks to Bud Bucci, Ross L. Wilson, David S. Myers, H.W. Patterson, Edward J. Leahy, John S. Nasstrom, Walter S. Schalk,Thomas J. Sullivan, Ronald L. Baskett, W. Gary Mansfield, Kevin Foster, Curtis L. Graham, David G. Trombino, Don Van Etten, Thomas Buhl, Brooke Buddemeier, V. Alan Mode, Roger Ide, Thomas R. Crites, Brenda Pobanz, Richard Stump, Geoff Todd, David E. Price, Debbie A. Wilber, Cash Miller, Dave Abbott, Robb Hadley, Elizabeth Thompson, David T. Taylor, Hans Oldewage, Phillip Vogt, Michael Dillon, Gayle Sugiyama, Maureen Alai, Hoyt Walker, Connee Foster, Carl Mazzola, Wayne Davis, Lourdes Placeres, Bill Eme, and all the HotSpot Users for their valuable comments and suggestions during the continued development and testing of the HotSpot codes.

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Table of Contents

1. Getting Started .................................................................................................. 1-1

About This Manual ..................................................................................... 1-1

System Requirements ................................................................................. 1-1

Contacting NARAC for HotSpot Support .................................................. 1-1

2. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2-1

Atmospheric Dispersion Models ................................................................ 2-1

Special Purpose Programs .......................................................................... 2-2

Additional Information and HotSpot Help ................................................. 2-5

HotSpot QC................................................................................................. 2-6

Basis of the HotSpot Codes ........................................................................ 2-6

Radionuclide Library .................................................................................. 2-7

Summary ..................................................................................................... 2-8

3. Using a HotSpot Program ................................................................................. 3-1

4. Atmospheric Dispersion Model Examples ....................................................... 4-1

Plutonium Explosion (non-nuclear) Example............................................. 4-3

Plutonium Fire Example ............................................................................. 4-8

Plutonium Resuspension Example............................................................ 4-12

Uranium Explosion Example .................................................................... 4-14

Uranium Fire Example.............................................................................. 4-17

Tritium Release Example.......................................................................... 4-20

General Explosion Example ..................................................................... 4-23

General Fire Example ............................................................................... 4-26

General Resuspension Example................................................................ 4-29

General Plume Example ........................................................................... 4-32

5. Special Purpose Programs................................................................................. 5-1

Nuclear Explosion....................................................................................... 5-1

Radionuclides in the Workplace ................................................................. 5-7

FIDLER Calibration ................................................................................. 5-14

Percentile Dose Option Using Historical Meteorological Data ................ 5-30

HotSpot Mapping ...................................................................................... 5-53

6. HotSpot Version History and File Structure ..................................................... 6-1

HotSpot Version History ............................................................................ 6-1

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HotSpot File Structure ................................................................................ 6-8

HotSpot Batch Mode ................................................................................ 6-10

7. HotSpot Algorithms .......................................................................................... 7-1

Gaussian Equation ...................................................................................... 7-2

Plume Passage Dose ................................................................................... 7-3

Atmospheric Stability Classification .......................................................... 7-3

Worst-Case Stability ................................................................................... 7-4

Special G Stability ...................................................................................... 7-4

Determining y and z ............................................................................... 7-5

Sample Time ............................................................................................... 7-8

Effective Release Height ............................................................................ 7-9

Wind Speed Variation with Height ........................................................... 7-10

Surface Roughness Height ........................................................................ 7-12

Plume Depletion ....................................................................................... 7-13

Dry deposition........................................................................................... 7-13

Wet deposition .......................................................................................... 7-17

Ground Shine ............................................................................................ 7-18

Plume Rise ................................................................................................ 7-19

Buoyant Plume Rise.................................................................................. 7-20

Momentum Plume Rise ............................................................................ 7-21

Fuel Fire Plume Rise................................................................................. 7-22

Explosion (Non-nuclear)........................................................................... 7-27

Green Field Explosive Cloud Height ........................................................ 7-29

Ballistic Particles ...................................................................................... 7-30

Resuspension ............................................................................................ 7-33

8. Ionizing Radiation Dose Terminology.............................................................. 8-1

Radiation Health Effects ............................................................................. 8-1

Dose Rate .................................................................................................... 8-3

Type of Radiation ....................................................................................... 8-4

Dose Terminology ...................................................................................... 8-7

Dose Conversion Factors .......................................................................... 8-11

Summary ................................................................................................... 8-11

9. Glossary ............................................................................................................ 9-1

10. Bibliography ................................................................................................... 10-1