household employment and income heat and cold r5...heat and cold +-r5 affordability of temperature...
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household employmentand income
likelihood of temperatureextremes indoors
morbidity and mortality fromheat and cold
+
-
R5
affordabi l i ty oftemperature optimisation
-+
fuelpoverty
R5 fuel poverty: The more energy is needed to achieveoptimal household temperatures (for wellbeing), the
less affordable temperature optimisation becomes (theenergy efficiency of dwellings influences this).
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
household employmentand income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortality fromheat and cold
+
-
R5R7
time spent in home
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperature optimisation
-+
-
people out of workspend more time at
home fuel poverty
the burden of illness from extremes oftemperature reduces people’s ability to goout to work (R7 people out of work spend
more time at home).
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortality fromheat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
-
people out of workspend more time at
home
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
fuelpoverty
, the burden of illness from extremes oftemperature also increases the time peoplespend in their homes (R6 people who are
unwell spend more time at home)
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used to optimiseindoor temperatures
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion of roomsheated
-
+
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
-
fuel poverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion of roomsheated
-
+
societal expectation of number ofrooms used and warm
+
+
R8
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
-
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
people out ofwork spend moretime at home
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
fuelpoverty
cheaper heating and cooling it was proposed thathouseholds have been shifting their patterns of
heating and cooling from only living areas to all therooms in the house, with shifting societal
expectations (R8).
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
-
people out of workspend more time at
home
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
fuel poverty
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
with increasingly available heating and cooling it waspeople’s expectation of indoor temperature variability
was considered to reduce (R9), enhanced by otherfactors, such as patterns of heating and cooling in
workplaces.
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R9
R8
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
-
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
fuel poverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-R9
+
+
R8
R4
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
-
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
fuelpoverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
Increasing energy use for heating andcooling does not allow this physiologicaladaptation to a range of temperatures to
happen (R4)
physical health and fitness
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
R5
R6
R7
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
temperatureand
phys iologica ladaptation
fuel poverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperaturestotal energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
+
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
+
urban heat islandeffect
+
R5
R6
R7
R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration
+
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
urban heatand summer
cool ing
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
fuelpoverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
The total energy used to heat and cool homes alsocontributes to the urban heat island (UHI) effect in
cities (although it is only one contributor of many). Inturn, the UHI creates increased energy use in summer
R2 ).
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperatures
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+
urban heat islandeffect
-
+
R5
R6
R7
B2
R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration
+
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
urban heatand summer
cool ing
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
fuelpoverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
The total energy used to heat and cool homes alsocontributes to the urban heat island (UHI) effect in cities
(although it is only one contributor of many). In turn, theUHI creates reduced need for heating energy in winter –
B2)
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperatures
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+expected climate change
urban heatisland effect
-
+
housinggreenhouse gas
emissions +
+
+
R5
R6
R7
B2
R1
R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration +
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
cl imate change andneed for summer
cool ing
urban heatand summer
cool ing
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
fuelpoverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
R1 (climate change and need for summer cooling),where increasing ambient summer temperatures leadto greater energy required (and used) to cool houses,
generating further greenhouse gas emissions
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperatures
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+
expected climate change
urban heatisland effect
-
+
housinggreenhouse gas
emissions +
+
+
+
R5
R6
R7
B2
R1R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4physiological adaptation to
ambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration +
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
B1
cl imate changeand need for
summer cool ing
cl imate changeand winter
heating
urban heatand summer
cool ing
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
fuelpoverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
B1 (climate change and winter heating),where over time the need for winterheating is expected to significantly
reduce.
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperaturestotal energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+
expected climate change
urban heatisland effect
-
+
housinggreenhouse gas
emissions +
+
+
+
R5
R6
R7
B2
R1
R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4physiological adaptation to
ambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration +
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
s ignificantinfrastructure fa i lures
+
-
B3
B1
cl imate change andneed for summer
cool ing
cl imate changeand winter
heating
urban heatand summer
cool ing
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
disruption to da i lyleaving keeps
people at home
temperatureand
phys iological adaptation
fuel poverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
disruption may also mean thathouseholds are not able to access
energy for their needs (B3).
physical health andfitness
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperatures
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+expected climatechange
urban heatisland effect
-
+
housinggreenhouse gas
emissions +
+
+
+
R5
R6
R7
B2
R1
R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
-
-
total urban human heatgeneration +
+
time spent in home
-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
-
s ignificantinfrastructure fa i lures
+
+
R3
-
B3
B1
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)
people out of workspend more time at
home
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
fuel poverty:
temperature andphys iologica l
adaptation
disruption tohousehold
energy supply
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
cl imate changeand winter
heating
cl imate changeand need for
summer cool ing urban heatand summer
cool ing
disruption to da i lyleaving keeps
people at home
In the absence of adequate climate changemitigation, more extreme effects may cause
infrastructure failures, which could keep people athome and increase household energy requirements
(R3).
physical health andfitness
extremes of age-
population aging
+
<solar gain>
<expected changes to Britain'sweather patterns from climate
change 2>
thermal mass ofhousing stock
level of ventilation
energy required to optimisehousehold winter temperatures
energy required to optimisehousehold summer
temperatures
-
-
+
-
-
+
total energy required to achieveoptimal household temperature
++
+
total energy used tooptimise indoortemperatures
+
householdemployment and
income
likelihood oftemperature extremes
indoors
morbidity and mortalityfrom heat and cold
+
-
-
ambient outdoor wintertemperatures
ambient outdoor summertemperatures
-
+
expected climatechange
urban heatisland effect
-
+
housinggreenhouse gas
emissions +
+
+
+
R5
R6
R7B2
R1R2
level of householdcrowding
proportion ofrooms heated
-
+
solar gainsun exposure of
housing stock
shading from otherbuildings
elevation
-
-
+
shading from trees
use of drapes andshutters
-
-
proportion of houses withsoutherly orientation
+
albedo/reflectiveness of houses
-
societal expectations of thermalcomfort (behavioural adaptation)
societal expectation ofnumber of rooms used and
warm
workplace indoortemperature ranges
availability and affordability of centralheating and cooling systems
+-
-
-
R9
+
+
R8
R4
thermal comfort
sleep deprivation
happiness andhomeliness
financial stress
physiological adaptation toambient temperatures
- ability to havevisitors 2
children'seducationalattainment
mental and emotionalwellbeing
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
strength of attitudes offrugality
-
NHS costs
+
family violence+
+
personal actions toacclimatise (e.g. clothing)
-
number and size ofwindows
-
levels of natural lightindoors
adequacy of task relatedlight
vitamin D exposure
level of artificial lightrequired household energy
use
+
+
+
-
interaction betweenhousehold members
-
mental and physicalwellbeing
+
total urban human heatgeneration +
+
<householdcrowding>
-
+
<area and quality ofgreenspace>
-
-
time spent in home-
-
+
affordabi l i ty oftemperatureoptimisation
-+
+
+
greenhouse gas intens i tyof energy supply
-
s ignificantinfrastructure
fa i lures+
+
R3
-
-
B3
B1
cl imate changeand need for
summer cool ing
cl imate changeand winter
heating
urban heatand summer
cool ing
urban heat andneed for winter
heating
disruption tohousehold
energy supply
temperatureand
phys iologica ladaptation
fuel poverty
people who are unwel lspend more time at
home
people out of workspend more time at
home
rebound effects ofaffordabi l i ty increase
energy use (B for summer, Rfor winter)