housekeeping items - program on medicine and … 3 the initiative on islam & medicine...
TRANSCRIPT
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WELCOME TO THE 2ND ANNUAL ISLAMIC BIOETHICS WORKSHOP:
DISSECTING THE ETHICS OF ORGAN DONATION
HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS
Registration Desk: Name Badges
Course Packets Readings, Information Material, Evaluation Forms
Tumbler
Course Evaluations [2] Please fill out and return to desk
CME Certificates (APPNA Members online; Non-APPNA @ desk)
Food Refreshments outside
Boxed Lunches Provided
Friday Prayers- We will walk over at 12:45 promptly
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EXPRESSIONS OF GRATITUDE
Program on Medicine & Religion Dr. Dan Sulmasy & Daniel Kim
MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics Dr. Mark Siegler
American Islamic College Dr. Ali Yurtsever
II&M Staff & Volunteers Elham Mireshghi Tasmiha Khan Hadiyah Muhammad Amanda Giles Milkie Vu Alia Azmat Hina Muneeruddin Sofia Sami Azam Zariff Munzareen Padela
All the lecturers & my teachers/mentors
Healthcare System
Seminary
MuslimCommunity
Academy
Islam
American Muslim Health
Translation
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THE INITIATIVE ON ISLAM & MEDICINE
Methodology:‐Bring together religious scholars, Islamic studies experts, medical and social scientists to fill in the knowledge gaps around Islamic bioethics
‐Host intensive workshops, symposia and conferences that disseminate this new knowledge
OVERARCHING GOALS FOR WORKSHOP
Gained conceptual literacy in “Islamic” Bioethics
Equipped with greater understanding regarding the ethico-legal debates surrounding organ donation from Islamic perspectives
Increased interest in studying the intersections of Islam, healthcare, and bioethics
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PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH
Balance Knowledge: Theoretical and Practical
Presentation: Didactic and Narrative/Case-based
Disciplinary Focus: Theology, Law and Sociology
COURSE OVERVIEW
Day 1: Survey of the fieldActors & Material- Practical Lens Typology for end-users of Islamic bioethics literature
Constructing an “Islamic” Bioethics?- Theological Lens Discuss moral theology informed reviewEpistemology of the “normative” in Islamic ethics
Fiqh to Tasawwuf – Legal Lens Empirical and theoretical methods of bioethics
Health Risk Assessment…- Multidisciplinary Theoretical dialogue between clinicians and Islamic scholars
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COURSE OVERVIEW
Day 2: Deep Dive into Organ Donation Ethics Ethical Issues in Living Organ Donor Transplant-
Practical Lens Process & Procedures – Practical Lens Islamic Legal Views on Organ Donation…-Legal Lens Literature review of juridical opinions
Muslim Medical Ethics and Diversity of Ulama- Applied Lens Examine interventions aimed at promoting organ donation amongst
Muslims
Shia Opinions…- Theological and Legal Lens Contexts of Organ Donation…- Sociology &
Anthropology
COURSE OVERVIEW
Day 3: Applied Islamic Bioethics
Role of Muslim Physicians…- Practical Lens
Case Discussion
Conceptual Review
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MOSQUE-BASED SURVEY OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS [MI;N=97]
37% 16% 26% 18%
NATIONAL SURVEY OF AMERICAN MUSLIM PHYSICIANS [IMANA;N=255]
15% 85%
67% 33%
8% 92%
35% 65%
3% 97%
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VISION OF THE II&M
To become the leading center for study, dialogue, and education at the intersection of the Islamic tradition and biomedicine
THE ACTORS & MATERIALS OF “ISLAMIC” BIOETHICS
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BACKGROUND
Islamic Bioethics Newly ‘birthed’ field of academic inquiry with interest
from many corners
Lack of clarity about the “Islamic”What content qualifies as Islamic implications for
methods of derivation and research
Questions about scope and nature of “bioethics” Emerge from the multi- and interdisciplinarity of
bioethics
ISLAMIC BIOETHICS LITERATURE
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Who needs (searches for) is Islamic Bioethical Guidance?
Who are the consumers of Islamic Bioethics?
MANY CONSUMERS
Muslim patients Concordance between medical care and Islamic regulations
Muslim healthcare providers Islam does influence medical practice - an “Islamic” ethos
Religious leaders To advice clinicians and patients regarding biomedicine
Healthcare inst i tut ions Culturally-sensitive care that improves quality
Policy and Community Stakeholders Advocate for a more culturally accommodating healthcare system
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Who are the producers of Islamic Bioethics?
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ANYBODY ELSE?
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Who is an Islamic Bioethics Expert?
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REPORTING ON ISLAMIC BIOETHICS IN THE MEDICAL LITERATURE: WHERE ARE THE EXPERTS?
SHANAWANI & KHALIL
Reviewed Pubmed from 1950-2005“Islam or Muslim” & “Bioethics” 146 papers
Content:Only 11 mention more than 1 ‘universal’ Islamic
position
5 mention concepts/sources of Islamic law Implication Writings lack depth and do not meet scholarly and practical needs
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64% never or rarely consult Islamic jurists
55% never or rarely read Islamic bioethics books
79% never or rarely look to Islamic medical fiqh academy verdicts
77% never or rarely seek guidance from Imams
National Survey of American Muslim physicians [n=255; IMANA]
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SocialScience
Medical Sciences
Philosophy &Bioethics
HealthPolicy
Ethics(Adab)
Moral Theology
(usul al fiqh)
IslamicLaw
(fiqh, hukm)
ClinicalPractice
AnIslamic
Bioethics
DiscursivePartners
Inputs
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CONSTRUCTING AN ‘”ISLAMIC BIOETHICS:
CRITICAL CONCEPTS FROM THEOLOGY & LAW
What is Islam? A tradition of practices
with meaning observed by a community
A meaning-making system (cultural system)
Teachings with sources
What makes something “Islamic”?
Tied to sources (Q&S)
Bounded within a shared understandings of a scholarly class (a discursive tradition)
TERMINOLOGY
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TERMINOLOGY
What is (Bio)ethics? - the “right/good/most appropriate” way to do something
what is the objective criterion?
ISLAMIC MORAL THEOLOGY: CORE CONCEPTS
Revelation (wahy) Matloo Qur’an
Ghayr matloo Sunnah
An “Islamic” “Bioethics” Revelatory guidance for human behavior relating to biomedicine
that accords with the “good”/”right”
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WHAT IS GOOD/RIGHT?
What is the end-goal of action?
What is right/good? What are the sources for assessment?
Labelling authority vs. Characteristic of action Theological voluntarism or Deistic Subjectivism
‘Ashari vs. Mu’tazali; Maturidi theology regarding intellect
Are God’s commands are purposeful? What is the purpose? (human benefit?)
Is there a “rule” of God? [two camps]
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“Fatwa”
Qur’an, Sunnah, Maqasid (objectives),
Qawa’id (maxims)
What are Islamic ethico-legal perspectives on….?
Forbidden
Discouraged
Permissible
Supererogatory
Obligatory
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ISLAMIC ETHICO-LEGAL DELIBERATION
Usul(sources)
•Textual- Quran & Prophetic example•Formal- Qiyas (analogy) & Ijma (consensus)•Secondary Sources- Istishab, Urf
Maqasid(objectives)
•Protection of life, religion, intellect, property, honor
•Maslaha (public interest) [also an usul]
Qawaid(maxims)
•Hardship calls for license•Dire necessity renders prohibited things
permissible
ETHICS IN ISLAM
What can I do What should I do?
Islam (legal minimum) Ihsan (perfected optimum)
Role of fuqaha ( jurists)= move community from sinful to realm of permissible actions
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TERMINOLOGY
Islamic Bioethics: Tied scriptural sources & bearers of tradition with 2
genres Fiqhi Literature = permissibility of therapies along an
ethico-legal gradient
Adabi Literature = inculcating of virtue-based practices
Muslim Bioethics:Sociological study of how Muslims respond to
ethical challenges with ‘Islam’ as one input
TERMINOLOGY
Applied Islamic Bioethics Research:Bridges Islamic & Muslim bioethics
methodologically
Examining the ways in which material of Islamic bioethics is understood and applied by consumers
Examining the translation of biomedical concepts into edifice of Islamic law
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THE INITIATIVE
ON ISLAM AND MEDICINE
WORKSHOP WRAP-UP
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SocialScience
Medical Sciences
Philosophy &Bioethics
HealthPolicy
Ethics(Adab)
Moral Theology
(usul al fiqh)
IslamicLaw
(fiqh, hukm)
ClinicalPractice
AnIslamic
Bioethics
DiscursivePartners
Inputs
FATAWA SHORTCOMINGS
Jurists Tendencies Legists use machinary of fiqh to ‘remove’ sin
Deference to ahl al-khibrah for details and concepts
Conceptualization of the Problem-space May occur prior to fatwa and be not written into
Or systematized after collation of juridical opinions performed Hukm al-shay far tasawurrih
Or faulty
Islamic ethico-legal constructs May require further theorization and conceptualization
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LIMITATIONS OF “FATWA-HUNTING”
Method “Publication” Bias
Tool for Policy Context-driven (contingent vs normative)
Ethico-legal Source subject to the inherent limitations of the constructs
Recognizing these shortcomings is necessary for Avoiding misapplication & misreading
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Level 1: Encyclopedia of Islamic Bioethics
Fiqh Academies Dar al Ifta Al Misrriyah
Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Muslim World League (Jeddah)
Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Level 2: Review Books by Islamic legal experts
Topical reviews in Islamic Medical and Scientific Ethics Research Library at Georgetown University
Level 3: Individual fatwas or opinion pieces Qibla for the Islamic Sciences (formerly Sunnipath)
IslamQA,
Islam Biomedicine
High-Quality Research
High-Quality Education
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Developing a Religiously-Tailored Intervention to Improve Mammography Rates in Mosque Communities
Associations between Religiosity & Workplace Discrimination & Bioethical Attitudes in American Muslim Physician Workforce
ISLAMIC THEOLOGY & THE HUMAN SCIENCES
Traditional ulema Clinicians Academicians
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UNFUNDED TRAINEES [2011-DATE]
Undergraduate Interns: Five 2 national conference presentations
Post-Graduate (Bachelor or Master’s): Five (+3) 6 presentations (+1); 1 paper
Medical Students Three 3 presentations, 2 papers
Doctoral Two 4 presentation, 1 paper
Post-doctoral Two 1 presentation, 2 papers under-review
Evaluation Forms
Publicize this workSocial Media, word-of-mouth
Support our work Connect to donors and collaborators (a lot of volunteerism in
II&M)
Host 5-hr workshops in community setting [EOL in Dallas, LA]
Stay TunedApr/May 2016 Interaction and Intersection:
Discourse and Dialogue at between Islamic Theology & Biomedicine 3 day Conference with abstract call
CLOSING REQUESTS
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