housing for rural india
TRANSCRIPT
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Housing For Rural IndiaUnder “Awake Mother India Campaign”, At Aeronautics Department , IITK , Under Guidance of Dr. D.P. Mishra Sir
Bharatvarsh Ka Praudhyogiki Sansthan, Kanpur
Prof. SAMIRSINH.P.PARMARDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KANPUR, INDIAMail: [email protected]
2 Housing purposes in rural India
Protection against:1. Weather2. Animals/insects/creatures harmful to human life.3. Theft ( Safe storage)4. Against natural calamities like earth quake, tornado,
flood etc. Shelter for cattle's, storage of agricultural products.
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Some Statistics of Census Data: Bharatvarsh
4 Some Data Collection
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6 Effort done by Government of INDIA
7 Rural Households by Material of Roof- Bharatvarsh, 2001 and 2011 (in %)
8 Rural Households by material of Wall-India census 2001 and 2011 (in %)
9 Rural Households by material of floor-India Census 2001 and 2011(in %)
10 Households having bathing facility within the premises- 2011 India Census (%)
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Sanitation in Rural India
12 The Year-wise details of physical achievements under Bharat Nirman (Phase-I)
13 Minimum Planning Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture Living area for minimum 6 persons ( Considering two couple
and two children) Minimum 2 bedroom , living room and a kitchen. Bathing and sanitary block ( May be detached or connected
as per local cultural belief or comfort) Wash area for utensils and clothes outside the house. Plinth should be min. 2 feet. ( Can vary as local
requirements).
14 Minimum Aesthetic Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture Most of the houses should be detached from all four sides.
( Concept of privacy and ventilation serves). There will be boundary by mud wall or tree fencing. In front yard there must be a plant of “tulsi”. In back yard there should be Herbal garden as well as some (not all)
seasonal fruits tree. The house should get some amount of shadow of trees like ashok,
neem or mango. Adopt Vaastu planning to get maximum benefits from mother
nature.
15 “Vaastu” A scientific Indian House planning way
16 Minimum Environmental Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture
Each dwelling unit must have sufficient openings so circulation and bulk change of air mass possible inside.
The material should be environment friendly. ( No artificial materials like plastic and metals)
Looking to change in next generation extreme seasonal conditions the thermal requirements of the house should be satisfied.
“energy efficient house” concept can also be possible to adopt. Rain water harvesting system for each house should be adopted.
17 “Tulsi” plant in front of house or in back yard
Creates positive energy
Ayurveda's best herb after “Amrit”
Solution of cough in human body.
18 “Indian Traditional Welcome” to Guests
• A traditional welcome Indian house Guests• Brings happiness and pleasing environment inside house• Brings positive energy inside the house.
19 Engineering Requirement of any Housing structure Should stand against low magnitude (4.5) of
earthquakes. (Strong against vibration). Can withstand wind speed @ 60 kmph. Can sustain operational impacts. No moisture within a structure. Failure should be gradual.
20 Rural housing material requirements
Locally available materials Cheap/ Economical Environment friendly Good for Human health Less in weight Low degradability Bad conductor of heat Durable ( 10-15 yrs max.) Good Strength
21 Why Re-thinking on Indian Rural Housing?
Loosing cultural heritage of local house construction pattern. Modernization in rural housing sector. Un-hygienic, less or non ventilated houses. Various problems related to housing (i) Privacy (ii) Neighborhood feeling (iii) mentality (iv) Cost of land (v) encroachment (vi) Local land policies Indian vernacular architecture is almost all on the verge of
end.
22 Reasons why Rural India showing decline? Migration to cities Governance policies of past and present government Land acquisition bill policies
23 What we want in Indian rural housing ?
Major martials used in house construction should be locally available.
The construction technique is as simple as possible. Persons living can construct, repair and maintain it by themselves. Local architecture, cultural heritage, should be prevented. Good Health of residents. Positive energy creation in houses. Spirituality and attachment in family. Values of Human Life will remain prevented.
24 Major Components of rural Indian house
Floor Wall Roof
25 Low cost floor materials
Stones Mud flooring Wooden floor Cement Floor Mosaic Tile floor
26 Stone floorAdvantages:• Cheap if locally available in sheet formation• Durable for years• Impervious material• Stable• Can resist (functional) impacts
Cost: Free in local vicinityMable : 35-40 Rs/sq ftKota stone: 28-40 Rs/Sq ftNibhada: 22-28 Rs/Sq ft
Disadvantages:• Costly if needs dressing• Costly for transportation• Not easy to handle in large size
27 Mud flooring
How They Are Doing it?Cow dung mixed with plastic clay and slurry kind formation makes the mixture of mud flooring.
Before applying it on ground , the ground surface is soaked well before 2-3 hours.
Advantages: • Free of cost in rural area• Cool in Summer and Warm in winters• Environment friendly• If corrugated gives acupuncture effect• Adopted from decades in rural India
Disadvantages:• Skill required ( But not too
technical)• Human labor required• Durable only for a year
28 Wooden floorAdvantages:• Bad conductor of heat and cold• Light weight, easy to handle• Easy to apply• Durable if coatings applied
Disadvantages:• Chances of catching fire• Low moisture resistant • Degradation is possible because of
insects/pests• High quality wood is too costly as
they become a fashion trend of rich peoples
Cost of Low Quality wooden sheet is : 15-20 Rs/Sq ft
29 Wall Materials : For Rural India
Wooden Wall Bamboo wall Bamboo reinforced mud wall Grass and tree branched reinforced mud walls Stone mud wall
30 Wooden wall
Planks of common available wood can be used.
Simple to connect and erect. Good in case of earthquake
prone zone. Failure is not catastrophic. Nice architectural effects
possible.
31 Bamboo wall Economical Environment friendly Good for Indian seasonal variation in temperature Failure “ Never claimed” in History of civil
engineering.
32 Bamboo reinforced mud wallsAdvantages:• Low cost• Cool inside in summer and warm in
winter• Easy to construct• Good strength due to bamboo
reinforcement• Good against vibration• Reasonably durable
Disadvantages:• Disintegrates if there is permanent
moisture.• Wash out in floods
33 Cow Dung and Local Vegetable Husk + Local available wood
Advantages:• Low cost• Cool inside in summer and warm in
winter• Easy to construct• Good strength due to reinforcement• Good against vibration• Reasonably durableDisadvantages:• Disintegrates if there is permanent
moisture.• Wash out in floods• Fire susceptible
34 Mud & Stone Composite wallAdvantages:• Low cost if local availability there• Less skill required
Disadvantages:• Less stable against vibrations• History of max. failure during eq.• Less bonding between mud and stone• Not easy to handle after certain height• Bad technique for earthquake prone
zone
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Roofing Material
36 Rural India Roof material
Grass Roof Bamboo / wood roof Stone roof Handmade tiles Manufactured tiled roof Bamboo corrugated sheets Other materials
37 Grass roofAdvantages:• Economical• Light weight• Bad conductor of heat
Disadvantages:• Fire susceptible• Less durable, need to change
every year• Good attachment required with
ribs so can bare the heavy wind blow
38 Coconut leaves roof Most popular in Costal Belt of
south India
39 Bamboo / wood/ grass roof
Advantages:• Proven technique• Durable• Good Strength• Aesthetic and good for Holistic health• Creates good environment inside house.
40 Stone roof
Slate Tile RoofingNot conventionally used in IndiaUsed near zansi/ lalitpur (UP) region where flat rocks available naturally
Advantage:• Stable• No fixtures required• Economical in near by availability• Aesthetic
Disadvantages:• Too heavy to operate• Not safe for earthquake prone regions
41 Handmade tiles
No skill required to manufacture.
Installation and maintenance does not require special skill.
Can be manufactured by local soils
Good for air circulation Never fill suffocation inside
the house. Durable ( max. up to 10 yrs)
42 Manufactured tiled roof
Bad conductor of heat Good ventilation Aesthetic Low maintenance Various shape/design/ color
available
43 Bamboo mat Corrugated Roofing Light weight Easy to handle Low durability Fire Susceptible material
Single sheet: 3 ft x 10 ftCost: 600/- to 800/- Rs
44 Coir –Polymer composite Material Coir + Polymers composite Light weight Easy to handle Fire susceptible Desired quality can be
manufactured. Cost optimization possible
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Cases of Natural House structures
47 Bamboo architecture
48Hut in Gujarat
49Hut in Rajasthan
50 Hut Style in South India
51 Reference Websites
http://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/indian-mud-hut.html http://pixgood.com/indian-village-huts.html http://www.inspirationgreen.com/bamboo-buildings.html http://gaatha.com/clay-tile-india/
Special Thanks to Google Images
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Questions please?