Housing is a Universal Need

Interior Design IChapter 1.1 Notes

Learning Targets

I can define housing and briefly describe how it has evolved.

I can analyze the basic physical and psychological needs that housing satisfies.

I can compare and contrast housing needs among people of different ages and life stages.

I can assess the importance of building homes that follow the concept of universal design.

Vocabulary

Adaptable Design Archaeologist Barrier-Free Design Housing Lifestyles Nomads Physical Needs Psychological Needs Universal Design

HOME

What comes to mind?

What is the purpose?

The Development of Housing

Natural Shelters- Before tools, people relied on landscape for protection and shelter.

Portable Shelters- Hunters and gatherers had to move frequently to be near new sources of food. Their shelters had to be taken apart, moved and reassembled at the next location.

Permanent Shelters- With the development of farming, people could stay in one place to plant and harvest their crops and tend to their herds.

• Early humans often lived in caves• Improved dwellings with primitive

doors• Made ladders to reach caves in cliffs• Dug elaborate pits with sturdy roofs• Fireplaces for cooking• Used mounds covered with skins for

beds

Is the image of early humans as “cave men” accurate?

--Natural Shelters

People survived by hunting, fishing, gathering wild fruit.

Those who traveled searching for food needed movable housing.

Today…Bedouins in North African SaharaNomads of KenyaTurkish and Mongolian shepherds

What prompted the need for portable shelters?

--Portable Shelters

Agriculture methods improved…needed a place to store and preserve food

Shelters for possessions

Homes were built using the same materials from the area…houses were the SAME!

What is historically significant about granaries?

--Permanent Shelters

Communities…

Established as more and more people built permanent homes.

As communities were formed, distinctions in housing developed.

Wealthier classes—lived in two story homes in center of city

Middle class—one story homes

Poorest people—lived in mud huts in countryside

As economic classes developed…

Wealthy people…Wanted to protect themselves &

possessions Chose easily defended sites

Cliffs Mountainsides Waterways

Used sturdy construction Thick stone walls Battlements moats

Comfortable Shelters?In earlier times, even the homes of

the rich were not especially comfortable.

In Medieval castles… Cold wind blew through the rooms and

passageways Stone floors were cold Light came dimly through narrow

window fitted with small bits of thick glass

1300’s=Comfy! Due to TECHNOLOGY, many homes were

brighter, better ventilated and more sanitary.

The growth of a prosperous middle class during the Renaissance also influenced people’s expectations of housing.

People began to use their homes for (increase in leisure time): Relaxation Entertainment/ Social Activity Privacy

What Is The Family Life Cycle?

Throughout the years families experience many changes that affect the family as a

whole. The family life cycle is a model that was created to

show the five different stages of the cycle. While it is very accurate in most cases, all

families are different and the model can’t reflect ALL

variations, but it does give a general picture of how families must adapt to

changing situations and priorities.

Stage One:Beginning

Beginning Stage: Traditionally, the family

life cycle begins when two people marry.

Priorities at this stage include building a

relationship, working out respective roles, and setting goals for

the future.

Stage Two:Parenting

Parenting Stage:

When the couple become parents, their

priorities focus on raising children. As

they devote time and effort to caring for

children, they have less time for activities

as a couple.

Stage Three:Launching

Launching Stage:This time of transition occurs as the children begin to leave home

and become independent. They must adjust to new responsibilities, just

as their parents must learn to relate to them

as adults.

Stage Four:Middle-Age

Middle-Age Stage:After children leave home,

parents have more time to focus on being a couple again. The may reassess their careers, take up new hobbies, and become more involved in community activities. Preparing for retirement becomes a more immediate concern.

Stage Five:Retirement

Retirement Stage:Retirement gives more time for leisure activities. A couple may move to a

smaller home or to a retirement community. In this stage, aging related issues such as health and independence are more likely to be major

concerns.

VariationsJust like the variations with types of families,there are always exceptions to every rule. Forinstance: Some people marry and never have children. Other people become parents later in life when

most are retiring. Still in other families, the parenting and

launching stages may be occurring at the same time.

Some people retire and continue to work part-time, and/or become substitute parents to their grandchildren.