housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( part2( · almshouses(• (twiy’s...

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Housing at the end of the 19 th century Part 2 This sec7on includes a wide range of domes7c architecture with examples of specialist types of housing and housing built for the old, poor and rela7vely well off. However, much of what was built for the poor is now valued by the the rich, for reasons of character and loca7on. Many of the examples demonstrate a very high level of craCsmanship and quality of materials.

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Page 1: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Housing  at  the  end  of  the  19th  century  Part  2  

•  This  sec7on  includes  a  wide  range  of  domes7c  architecture  with  examples  of  specialist  types  of  housing  and  housing  built  for  the  old,  poor  and  rela7vely  well  off.    However,  much  of  what  was  built  for  the  poor  is  now  valued  by  the  the  rich,  for  reasons  of  character  and  loca7on.  

•  Many  of  the  examples  demonstrate  a  very  high  level  of  craCsmanship  and  quality  of  materials.      

   

Page 2: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

18th  Century  Brick  

Page 3: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Almshouses  

•   TwiJy’s  is  not  of  quite  the  same  character  as  Long  Alley  (see  Part  1).  S7ll  in  ac7ve  use  as  almshouses  but,  looking  at  the  doors,  it  is  clear  that  3  households  are  accommodated  rather  than  the  original  6.  

Page 4: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

TwiJy’s  1709  

Page 5: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

 Almshouses  

•   In  a  more  urban  seUng  these  almshouses  con7nue  to  provide  convenient,  convivial  and  characterful  accommoda7on    for  the  elderly  

Page 6: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Abingdon  Almshouses  

Page 7: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

   The  vicarage  

•     The  vicarage  in  the  village  of  Drayton  shows  the  scale  at  which  the  church  accommodated  its  staff.    Whilst  the  building  is  probably  too  large  for  most  if  not  all  modern  families,  the  demand  for  flats  in  villages  is  uncertain  and  the  building  has  been  lived  in  by  just  one  person.  

Page 8: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

The  Vicarage  for  when  the  clergy  had  large  families  and  congrega7ons  

Page 9: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Railway  housing  

•   Part  of  our  built  heritage  is  a  wide  variety  of  buildings  erected    to  serve  special  purposes.  One  detached  and  a  pair  of  semi-­‐detached  houses  in  Steventon  sta7on  yard  were  erected  by  Brunel  to  administer  the  construc7on  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  

Page 10: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Steventon  Sta7on1830s  built  for  and  used  by  Isambard  Kingdom  Brunel  

Page 11: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

 Back  to  backs  

•   A  programme  of  slum  clearance  has  significantly  reduced  the  number  of  surviving  examples  of  back  to  backs  built  throughout  the  Victorian  era  to  provide  the  cheapest  possible  housing  for  factory  workers  in  industrial  ci7es.    An  example    in  Birmingham  owned  by  the  Na7onal  Trust    can  be  visited.  It  is  now,  however,  difficult  to  imagine  that  one  upstairs  room  could  house  20  people  in  3  different  families.  

Page 12: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Leeds  Back  to  Backs  with  UPVC  windows  

Page 13: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

 Gentrifica7on  

•   Another  specialist  form  of  housing  was  that  provided  for    railway  workers.  Osney  Island  is  only  a  few  hundred  yards  from  Oxford  sta7on.  Even  though  they  are  suscep7ble  to  flooding  (some  temporary  flood  protec7on  was  provided  3  7mes  in  2012)  a  2  bedroomed  terraced  coJage  would  in  2012  fetch  the  same  as  a  4  bedroomed  detached  house  in  the  Oxford  suburbs  or  country  towns.  

Page 14: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

More  railway  housing  Osney  canalside  

Page 15: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

 Contras7ng  styles  

•   This  example  of  infilling  makes  no  aJempt  to  reflect  the  styles  of  its  neighbours  or,  for  that  maJer,  any  other  building  in  the  area.  It  is  built  to  a  very  high  standard  of  energy  efficiency  and  is  a  good  example  of  where  priority  is  given  to  a  21st-­‐century  need  rather  than  following  a  earlier  tradi7on.  

Page 16: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Osney  Infill  

Page 17: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Late  1800s  Osney  

Page 18: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Oxford  posh  

•   This  row  of  late  Georgian  houses  in  the  centre  of  Oxford  contains  a  few  office  and  academic  uses.  However,  most  remain  in  residen7al  uses,  including  single-­‐family  dwellings.  The  name  of  the  street  is  not  only  the  postal  address  but  also  signifies  the  owner  of  the  freehold.  

Page 19: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

St  John’s  Street  frontage  

Page 20: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

St  John’s  Street  facade  

Page 21: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Solid  brick  •   Houses  built  in  the  late  Victorian  period  have  provided  

valuable  accommoda7on  for  over  100  years.  However,  this  inheritance  of  several  million  homes  represent  a  very  considerable  challenge  at  a  7me  when  carbon  emissions  from  the  hea7ng  of  residen7al  property  needs  to  be  reduced  by  at  least  80%  in  the  next  35  years.  Whilst  secondary  glazing  provides  some  opportunity  to      exclude  draCs  from  the  sash  windows,  UPVC  is  oCen  the  owners’  tool  of  choice  and  one  that  is  oCen  resisted  by  conserva7on  officers.      A  far  greater  challenge  is  how  to  insulate  the  solid  9”  walls      (iden7fied  through  courses  of  stretchers  and  headers).      A  checker  paJern  is  created  when  the  headers  are  vitrified  (heat  crea7ng  a  blue  and  some7mes  glazed  effect).  

Page 22: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Abingdon  Late  Victorian  

Page 23: Housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( Part2( · Almshouses(• (Twiy’s (is(notof(quite(the(same(character(as(Long(Alley((see(Part1).(S7ll(in(ac7ve(use(as(almshouses(but,(looking(atthe(doors,(itis

Late  Victorian  (end  of  Part  2)