How are Elements, How are Elements, Compounds and Compounds and Mixtures Similar? Mixtures Similar?

Different?Different?

Note that an element: Note that an element:

• consists of only one kind of consists of only one kind of atomatom

• cannot be broken down into a cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical either physical or chemical meansmeans

• can exist as either atoms or can exist as either atoms or moleculesmolecules

Note that a compound: Note that a compound: • consists of atoms of two or more different consists of atoms of two or more different

elements elements bound togetherbound together, , • can be broken down into a simpler type of can be broken down into a simpler type of

matter (elements) by chemical means (but matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means), not by physical means),

• has properties that are different from its has properties that are different from its component elements, and component elements, and

• always contains the same ratio of its always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.component atoms.

Common CompoundsCommon Compounds

• Table SaltTable Salt– Sodium and chlorineSodium and chlorine

• WaterWater– Hydrogen and oxygenHydrogen and oxygen

• Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide– Carbon and oxygenCarbon and oxygen

• SugarSugar– Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• Baking SodaBaking Soda– Sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygenSodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

Note that a mixture:Note that a mixture:

consists of two or more substances not chemically combined

•can be separated into its components by physical means•often retains many of the properties of its components

Look at a sedimentary rock. It is Look at a sedimentary rock. It is a mixture. See how you can see a mixture. See how you can see

the different pieces in the the different pieces in the granite.granite.

Can you think of anything Can you think of anything else that is a mixture?else that is a mixture?

Mixtures come in different shapes Mixtures come in different shapes and sizes. Sometimes they don’t even and sizes. Sometimes they don’t even look like mixtures. One type of mixture look like mixtures. One type of mixture that can fool the eye is called a that can fool the eye is called a solution. An example of a solution is solution. An example of a solution is Kool-Aid. Kool-Aid.

Solution: mixture that appears to be a single

substance but is composed of particles

of 2 or more substances that are evenly

distributed.

There are 2 parts to a There are 2 parts to a solution:solution:

1.1. SoluteSolute: substance that is : substance that is dissolveddissolved

2.2. SolventSolvent: substance in : substance in which the solute is which the solute is dissolveddissolved

Which one is the solute? Which one is the solute? Solvent?Solvent?

Solute Solvent

More Mixtures…More Mixtures…• SuspensionSuspension: mixture : mixture

in which particles of in which particles of a material are a material are dispersed dispersed throughout a liquid throughout a liquid or gas but are large or gas but are large enough to settle out. enough to settle out.

More Mixtures…More Mixtures…

• ColloidColloid: mixture in which the particles : mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. heavy enough to settle out.