how computer work
TRANSCRIPT
How Computer work
•Human heads.•Machine TV.•What is compute
Human heads.
• inside many heads, there are two kinds of knowledge; the memory work kind of knowledge and the logical kind of knowledge.
Module 1 - Basic Concepts of IT
• Hardware
• Software
• Information TechnologyPeople working with computer often refer to their job as (working in IT)
• Types Of ComputerMainframe-Personal Computer-MAC-Network Computers-Laptop
/Notebook/Palmtop-Personal Digital Assistance (PAD)
Main Parts Of Personal Computer
• The System Unit• Mother Board• The CPU Central Processing Unit• Memory
RAM ROM (BIOS)
Responsible for coping operating system software in to ram When computer is switched on.
• Serial port• Parallel Port• Universal Serial Bus USB
Turn on your computer
Inside your home
• Input and OutputInput is the flow from you to the device.
Output is the flow of information to you.
• Types of memory– ROM– RAM
– R/W
Central Processing Unit
Arithmetic Operations
Logic Operations
ALUArithmetic Logic Unit
Arithmetic Operations
Logic OperationsOR AND
Memory
• RAM – Random Access Memory
• ROM – Read Only Memory
• BIOS : Basic Input Output System
• R/W memory– Drives : HDD, CD Drive, Flash Memory …etc.
Read Only MemoryBut Microsoft describes it as I/O device
Hard drives
• Hard disk driveMagnetic recording
• Compact diskLight Reflection
• Flash memoryElectronic switches
(Transistors)
• Disk Format
Video Memory Chip
The International System of Units
BIT Binary Information Technology
Byte Binary Yoked Transfer Element
Kilobyte 1000 byte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte……??
Computer Performance
• CPU clock speed• RAM size• The number of application running• Free Hard Disk space• De-Fragmenting
Computer Devices I/P devices ,O/P devices & I/O devices
• The mouse • The keyboard• CD Drive• DVD Drive• Floppy Disk• Hard Disk• The Monitor• Sound Card• Speaker • Modems• Printers• Scanners
Keyboard Typewriter
The invention of the modern computer keyboard began with the invention of
the typewriter
scanner
•Scan picture •Scan text
OCR Optical Character Recognition
Monitor
Screen sizeGraphics for games
Projection
Audio taps
• Each one of the songs represents a file.• Each song file has a title, a length and a location. • It is a file of audio information that can be
understood and turned into music by stereo player.• we classify songs as rock, classic ,pop and so on.
Files
• Each computer file has a title, a length and a location.
• We cannot make use of the contents of a computer file without :– A computer.– Program to understand this file.
• We classify computer files as graphics files, text files ,picture files and so on.
Computer FilesName What's inside
. *com A program
. *exe A program
bat. * A program
txt. * Text
GIF-JPG-JPEG-PNG-BMP
Graphical information
htm. * Textual information
*.mp3 `Audio information
flv,mpg,asf,rmvb Video information
Directories (folders)
c\ program filesC:\Documents and Settings\saw\My Documents
Records
Database
Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)
Data Data Data Data
Data Data Data Data
Record
Printers
• Types– Laser printer– Color laser printer
• High quality -fast -high cost
– Inkjet printer• (Spray) High quality-quiet
– Dot matrix printer• High volume -low quality-noisy
– Plotters
• Printer memory
Input/output devices
• Hard disk– Very fast – high capacity – cheap.
• CD– Much slower than hard disk-capacity around 650MB-
inexpensive.
• DVD– Much faster than CD – up to 17 GB-cost higher than
CD.
• External hard disk– Normal speed – high capacity-expensive.
Operating System (OS)DOS
Win 3.1
Win 95
WIN 98
WIN 2000
WIN ME
WIN XP
WIN VISTA
WIN 7
GUI• Advantages of GUI
– Easy to use.– Application program work in the same way.– Allow programmers to write software.
Application program
– Word– Excel– Access– Power point– Accounts (repetitive operations) – Web browsing– Web authoring (Front page)
System development cycle
Network
• LAN – Local area network
• WAN– Wide area network (the hole world)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Clint- Server
Resources in the server
Workgroup Groups Of People are work together
Sharing information & special kind of devices
Workgroup Network
Disadvantages of work group1- sharing too many files may result slow down your computer2-Weak security system3-with full access permission you may lose your data
Advantages of work group1- No need for a network administrator2-Less chance of major distribution3-Cost saving
Internet & Extranet
• An internet -uses internet technology for connecting individuals such as
people in organization with each other and let them search for data or sending mails.
-Main program on server and single software on each individual computer.-This computers connected together using communication equipment.-It was in US military.
• Extranet like an internet but it's allow outside people gainlimited access to information held on a companynetwork.
The Internet
• Global network for interconnected network• Huge amount of information• Easy way for publishing materials
World Wide Web & Internet
• The internet relates to all hardware & software involved FTP (file transfer protocol).
• World Wide Web is a part of internet, simply it’s the text and pictures you view using your web browser
Internet World Wide Web
• PSTNPublic switched Telephone NetworkTraditional copper weir technology Transmit analog voice
• PSDNPublic switched data network
• ICDNIntegrated Service Digital NetworkMuch faster than modems
Telephone Network
Public switched Telephone Network
Public switched data network
Integrated Service Digital Network
Integrated service digital network
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
– Much faster• Receive at speed of 0.5 to 8 MBPS
– Down stream
• Send at speed of 16 to 640 KBPS– Up stream
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Digital VS Analogue
Modems
• Modulate Demodulate– Converting data at the end which can used by the
reviving computer.
• Bound Rate– How fast a modem can send data
IT In Our Life• Repetitive tasks• Easily automated tasks• Mathematical calculations• Dangerous situations• Doctor ,Money, creation• Recognize elements
– Computer just have photographic image
Uses of Computer
• Government• Business • Tele working
– People are connected to the rest of organizations via network.
• Education– Internet as knowledge resource– Distance learning
Electronic World
• E-Mail (Electronic Mail )
– Allows people to send data (text, pictures,…etc).
– Its required both computers connected to the internet.
• E-Commerce – Buying or selling via the internet.
• E-Banking– Manage your money online instead of having to go to local bank
branch.
– You can pay your pills ,move your money from one place to another.
Moony 2099
Health & Safety• Chair• Screen • Keyboard
Security
• Information secularity.• Password.
Things computer like
• Good ventilation.• Clean environment.• Stable, vibration free surface.
Translation
END Of Session One