how could open badges contribute to creating a more trustworthy world?
TRANSCRIPT
Trust & Open Badges workshop
How could Open Badges contribute to creating a more trustworthy world?
EURO
PORT
FOLIO
Serge RavetADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, Open Badge Passport, BadgeChain
@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org, europortfolio.org , openbadgepassport.com, www.salava.org
Objectives of the workshop
What is trust about? What relationship between Open Badges & trust? Can Open Badges contribute to improving trust?
Explore
ContextWhere does this workshop come from?
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
10 e
Port
folio
Cha
lleng
es
Trust
Ope
n Tr
ust
Box
ePortfolio Identity
ePIC 2016Pathways to educational andsocial innovation
BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER
Open Badge
ePortfolio
Identity
Trust
Blockchain
http://openepic.eu
0101011
01100
ePortfolio
IdentityTrust
Open BadgesOpen Badge Passport
Personal Ledger
Portfolio
Competency Based EducationQuality
Blockchains
1985 1995 2000 2010 2015
Simulation
Self-studyeLearningComputer Based Training
BadgeChain
About trustTrust is based on symmetrical power relations
The Trust Paradox
Social changes and increased social complexity expand the need for trust, but erode its familiar basis
The Trust Paradox — An Inquiry into the Core of Social Life, May-Britt Ellingsen
Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington
always or most of the time
Source: Pew Research Centre
%
Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research Centre
Percentage of adults trusting others
source: Education at a Glance 2014 OECD Indicators
%
Percentage of adults trusting others70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %
By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment
Slovak RepublicEstonia
ItalyCzech Republic
FranceKorea
GermanyJapan
IrelandPoland
England/N. Ireland (UK)Average
Flanders (Belgium)CanadaSpain
AustriaUnited States
AustraliaFinland
NetherlandsSwedenNorway
Denmark
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5Level 3Level 2Level 1 or below
What do these statistics tell you about trust?
Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research CentrePercentage of adults reporting trusting others
70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %
By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment
Slovak RepublicEstonia
ItalyCzech Republic
FranceKorea
GermanyJapan
IrelandPoland
England/N. Ireland (UK)Average
Flanders (Belgium)CanadaSpain
AustriaUnited States
AustraliaFinland
NetherlandsSwedenNorway
Denmark
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5Level 3Level 2Level 1 or below
Trust and social capital
Trust and Social Capital
Social capital is defined by the OECD as: “networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation
within or among groups”.
Source: OECD Insights: Human Capital
Put together, these networks and understandings engender trust and so enable people to work together.
Trust, the necessary condition for empowerment
If we could measure trust, we could measure social capital
Can we measure trust?
Could Open Badges contribute to measuring trust?
About Open BadgesWhy Open Badges are more than credentials and not a
currency — and the dangers of believing they are?
Open Badges are more than credentials Open Badges are about
Recognition
Formal
Non-Formal
Traditional Non-TraditionalCompetency
Badges
Micro-Credentials Smart Badges
Conversational Badges
Self-Issued Badges
Peer Endorsement
Scout Badges
(Institution-centred)
Recognition
(Community-centred)
Nano-Diplomas
(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)
Badges as launchpads
Dream Badges
Collective Achievement Badges
Empowerment
Conformance
Inclusion
Enabling
Affiliation Badges
AchievementBadges
Open Badges are not a currency
currency |ˈkʌr(ə)nsi|noun (pl.currencies)1. a system of money in general use in a particular country: the
dollar was a strong currency | [ mass noun ] : travellers cheques in foreign currency.
2. [ mass noun ] the fact or quality of being generally accepted or in use: the term gained wider currency after the turn of the century.
Open Badges are not fungible. You cannot give a badge you own to someone
else in exchange for goods or services
You can create and give a badge to someone as a token of recognition or in exchange for goods, money or services, but that badge stays with that person
Badges are currencies
Badges have currency≠
Open Badges are based on relational trust
Currencies are based on structural trustdo not depend on individuals’ relationships
Open Badges are aboutTrust
Issuer EarnerTrust
TrustIssuer Earner
Issuer Earner
The dangers of mistaking Open Badges for
credentials and currencies
Formal
Non-Formal
Traditional Non-TraditionalCompetency
Badges
Micro-Credentials Smart Badges
Conversational Badges
Self-Issued Badges
Peer Endorsement
Scout Badges
(Institution-centred)
Recognition
(Community-centred)
Nano-Diplomas
(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)
Badges as launchpads
Dream Badges
Collective Achievement Badges
Empowerment
Conformance
Inclusion
Enabling
Affiliation Badges
AchievementBadges = cryptocurrency
Open Badges are about recognition and trust
More about trust
Sharing ideas
What is trust?
Why do we need trust?
What does trust allows us to do?
What can’t we do without trust?
What are the conditions for trust?
trust |trʌst|noun [ mass noun ]
1. firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something: relations have to be built on trust | they have been able to win the trust of the others.
• acceptance of the truth of a statement without evidence or investigation: I used only primary sources, taking nothing on trust.
“Trust, in short, is a form of “faith,” in which the confidence vested in probable outcomes expresses a commitment to something rather than just a cognitive understanding.’
—A. Giddens (1993)
Business
TrustBadge
Person
Institution
Issuer
Earner
Group
Technology
Predictability Leap of faith
Trust
Suspending doubt
Security
Security is intrinsic to trust
Trust Security
PredictabilityLeap of faith
Suspending doubt DoubtSuspicion
Contingency
Trust is future oriented
(extrinsic)
The more trust, the less extrinsic security measures are required, the more extrinsic security measures are taken, the less trustworthy the system becomes.
Trust Extrinsic Security
Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions
Increasing security measures is about addressing the symptoms, not the causes of failing trust. There is no alternative to increasing trust than taking the necessary steps to… increasing trust!
Trust Extrinsic Security
Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions
Nature Relation Stability Exit Rules Enforcement Trust space Who?
Micro Individual Inter-personal
Short, mid and
long termTermination Tacit Informal Familiarity,
proximityFamily, relatives,
friends, neighbours,…
Meso CommunalInter-
personal, Belonging
Mid and long term Exclusion Tacit &
explicitInformal and
formal (membership)
Proximity Peers, members,…
Macro Structural Belonging, Impersonal
Long term Sanction Explicit
Laws, contracts, obligations standards,
accreditations
Strangers, time and distance
Citizens, employees, partners,…
In a society without trust, social interaction will be troublesome and have enormous transactional costs
Sharing ideasDo you think Open Badges could contribute to
nurturing —and repairing— trust ?
How?
Future developments
Personal LedgersBits of Trust
What can we learn from blockchains? How can we improve Open Badges?
BadgeChain Trust
BlockChain Trust
trust / consensus?Transaction
Transaction
Open Badges and blockchains are
based on antipodal views on trust
@badgechain
Trust can heal!
A teenager had spent many months in a young peoples psychiatric hospital. When he was about to leave a therapist asked him what was the most significant thing which helped him in his recovery. He responded that it was the moment when in and art group the therapist asked him to fetch some art paper from a cupboard in another part of the building. The therapist handed him the keys to the cupboard which were on a key ring with many other keys to the rooms in the building.
They young man said he felt so good, not just because he had been chosen to do the small job when his esteem was very low but because the therapist had not hesitated but just handed him the keys. He knew he could have used those keys to get up to all sorts of mischief but he felt trust to act responsibly.
Julie Lunt <julie at newpaths.eu>
Trust, the Revolution! ePIC 2016Pathways to educational andsocial innovation
BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER
Open Badge
ePortfolio
Identity
Trust
Blockchain
http://openepic.eu
0101011
01100
Serge RavetADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, Open Badge Passport, Badgechain@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org openbadgepassport.com, europortfolio.org
Merci !SREU
ROPO
RTF
OLIO