How could these relate to muscles?

The Muscular System

To confidently name and label the main muscles groups.

To understand how muscles work in pairs and how they create movement

To identify which muscles create movements at different joints

Task 1

Stickers 6 Teams paired against another team. Each team races against the other team to label the

muscles correctly. 1 Person should model. Write up labels and stick in the correct place You will be timed: each team will receive a 10

second penalty for each muscle incorrectly labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’ (3 second look at muscle sheet).

Timer stopped when all team members sat down with no rubbish in their working area.

PectoralsDeltoids

Biceps

Abdominals

Quadriceps Hamstrings

Trapezius

Triceps

Gastrocnemius

Gluteals

Front View Back View

How did you do?

Latissimus Dorsi

Ways to remember muscles Miss Green’s….little ways….

Spelling is important!

Try syllables

Bi-cepGastro-c-nemiusQuad-ri-cep Glu-teals

look, cover, try, checkAnd/Or

How could these relate to muscles?

How Muscles Work

They like to work TOGETHER!!!!

A bit like an old married couple, one works whilst the other relaxes!

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by tendons.

Movement of the arm

at the elbow

Antagonistic Muscles(muscles work Antagonistically)

Antagonistic Muscles(muscles work Antagonistically)

They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

Ant-agon-istic-ally

(Biceps contract)

Flexion (Bending) of the ArmFlexion (Bending) of the Arm

(Triceps relax)

Triceps:contracting muscle

Biceps:relaxing muscle

Extension (Straightening) of the ArmExtension (Straightening) of the Arm

What muscle creates each movement?

Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling a bone/limb towards it.

Movement of muscles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy7zMVkTfU

What grade are you on and what do you need to work on?

Grade C

1. Can Name & Label all muscles

2. Can spell most muscles correctly

3. Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’

Grade B (as above +)

4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes elbow

Grade A (as above +)

5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby.

Grade A*(as above +)

6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and Insertion of the main muscle groups.

Exercising the muscular system

• Isotonic and Isometric• Immediate effects of exercise• Long term effects of exercise

Apply it…..practice exam

1. Which one of the following

muscles is contracting to

allow the footballer in the

image to extend his leg

at the hip?

A. Gluteal MusclesB. Hamstrings Abdominals Quadriceps

2. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the leg to flex at the knee?

A. Gluteal MusclesB. HamstringsC. GastrocnemiusD. Quadriceps

3. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the tennis player in the image to adduct his arm at the shoulder?

A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Abdominals D. Pectorals

4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder?

A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Deltoid D. Pectorals

5. Which muscles are contracting to allow this dancer to point his toes by extending the ankle?

A. Gluteal MusclesB. HamstringsC. GastrocnemiusD. Quadriceps

6. Which of the following muscles is contracting to abduct the arms backwards at the shoulder?

A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Abdominals D. Pectorals

Recap!

When muscles contract they create movement (usually pulling something towards them)

Antagonistically

muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the other contracts)

Agonist – Contracting Muscle

Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle

Exam Tip:

Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually either ask:In relation to Bicep and Triceps or Hamstrings and QuadricepsWhich is Agonist and which is Antagonist during certain movements

Isotonic and Isometric

Isotonic – when muscles contract and relax to create movement

Isometric – when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position

Sporting examples

Isotonic: anything with movement!!!

Sporting examples

Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position.

Immediate Effects of Exercise

Increase demand of oxygen Increase demand of fuel (glycogen) Lactic Acid Cramp

Long term effects of exercise

Hypertrophy – increased muscle size

Caused by minor tears in the muscle and the body rebuilds within 48 hours

Recap!

Isometric Isotonic

(d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?

Recap:

Short term effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise

Potential Injuries to the muscular system Muscle Atrophy

(decrease in muscle)

Soft Tissue Damage

Strain – little tears in the muscle fibres and blood vessels.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZlXWp6vFdE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YcvuxN-T28

Examiners tip

You Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament!

Relate it to sport!

Why is it so common for Footballers to strain (pull) their Hamstring?

Injury Prevention!

Warm up - Raise heart rate and warming up the

muscles with gentle and progressively more energetic exercise

- Stretches

Lets test it!

Cool Down

Brings the heart rate back to normal Removes lactic acid from muscles so they

don’t become stiff and sore

Includes gentle exercise and stretches (20-30 seconds)

Injury treatment

R – REST I – ICE C – COMPRESSION E – ELEVEATION

The first 24-48 hours crucial and player should continue to rest during this period.