how do all these boundaries work together? pacific northwest and southwest british columbia
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
North American Plate Movement
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
Pacific Plate MovementAnd Mendico Fault (SanAndreas extension)
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
GORDA RIDGE
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
EXPLORER RIDGE
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
North American Plate (black and white) CONVERGING (white dashes) with Juan de Fuca Plate (blue and yellow).
Seismic data from EarthScope's Transportable Array sharpened existing imaging (left) so that colder (blue) and hotter (red) features in the mantle stand out (right).
R A Kerr Science 2013;340:1283-1285
Published by AAAS
Western US at a Depth of 90 km
PACIFIC NORTHWESTCASCADEMOUNTAI
N
CASCADE MOUNTAINS
PUGET- WILLAMETTE
LOWLANDS
OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS
COAST RANGE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PACIFICOCEAN
PACIFIC NORTHWESTCASCADEMOUNTAI
N
CASCADE MOUNTAINS
PUGET- WILLAMETTE
LOWLANDS
OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS
COAST RANGE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PACIFICOCEAN
HOT LIQUID HOTCOOL SOLID
90
Cross sections of northwestern United States at 60, 50, 40, and 0 Ma
Schmandt B , and Humphreys E Geology 2011;39:175-178
©2011 by Geological Society of America
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PLATES LOCKIN PLACE
BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
CONVERGENCE CAUSESUPWARD BUCKLING OF
COASTAL AREAS
Energy stored as in a bent cane.
DURING ERTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PLATES UNLOCK
Energy in earthquakeand tsunami
Coastlinesubsides
BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
Plates lock back togetherAfter release of energy by
earthquake
Coastline slowlyRe-emerges.
Source: Rhodes, Tuttle, Horton, Doner, Kelsey, Nelson and Cisternas, EOS, 87, May 2006.
Tsunami Deposits, SouthernChile. Dark bands are organicsoils, lighter greys are marinesands deposited by tsunamis.
TSUNAMI MARCH 2011
Displacement duringEarthquake March 2011.
Source: Simons et al., 2011 Science Express
PUEGET SOUND
3,500BPTidal Marsh
PUEGET SOUND
3,300BPEarthquake
PUEGET SOUND
3,200 BPEmergence
PUEGET SOUND
3,000 BPForestedUpland
PUEGET SOUND
3,000 BPEarthquakeSubmersion
PUEGET SOUND
2,700 BPEarthquakeSubmergence
PUEGET SOUND
400EmergenceForest
PUEGET SOUND
400EarthquakeSubmersion
PUEGET SOUND
700Emergence
PUEGET SOUND
700EarthquakeSubmersion
PUEGET SOUND
900Emergence
PUEGET SOUND
900Earthquake
PUEGET SOUND
1700EmergenceForestedUplands
PUEGET SOUND
1700EarthquakeSubmersion
Simulation of 1700 Earthquake and Tsunami
PUEGET SOUND
2000Emergence
PUEGET SOUND
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs
PUEGET SOUND
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs
1700 ?
SUBSTUTUTE DEPTH FOR TIMETIME
TIM
E
DEP
TH
1700
1700
900700 900700
3300BP 3000BP
3300BP
3000BP
Present