how do molecules form living, moving, reproducing cells? 1683, leeuwenhoek: “an unbelievably great...
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How do Molecules form Living, Moving, Reproducing Cells?
1683, Leeuwenhoek: “An unbelievably great company of living animalcules, a-swimming more nimbly than any I had ever seen up to this time. The biggest sort bent their body into curves in going forwards."
1988, Francis Crick: “Every living cell and every biological macromolecule is the end result of natural selection, which had acted over billions of generations to produce complexity from ordinary physics and chemistry”
Molecular Hierarchy of the Cell
DNA Proteins(Enzymes and Motors)
Protein Assemblies (Cytoskeletal Filaments)
→ →
Moving Parts: Motor Proteins on Polymer Tracks
The CiliumThe Mitotic Spindle
Cellular Machines based on MTs and motors
“The Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines: Preparing the Next Generation of Molecular Biologists”.
(Alberts, B (1998) Cell 92: 291).
Protein Machine MotorReplication Machinery Helicase
Transcription Machinery RNA polymerase
Mitochondrial ATP synthase F1F0 ATPase
Bacterial Flagellum Flagellar rotary motor
Muscle Sarcomere Myosin-2
Lamellipodium Dendritic Actin Network
Cilium MT motors
Mitotic Spindle MTs and mitotic motors
Assembly and Function? Biochemistry, Genetics, Microscopy, Quantitative Modeling.
Bacterial (prokaryotic) Cells.
Locomoting Eukaryotic Cells.
Mechanism of Eukaryotic Cell Locomotion.
Scanning E.M. of the leading edge.
E.M. of Actin Filaments in the Leading Edge.
Ribbon Diagram of Atomic Structure of Actin.
Structure of Actin Filaments – helical symmetry.
Actin Filament Assembly and Force Production.
Actin filament polymerization drives Listeria Motility.
Listeria Motility
Julie TheriotStanford University Medical School
Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction; Mitosis and Cell Division.
Mitosis studied in the Drosophila melanogaster Syncytial Embryo
Sullivan Lab
GFP-tubulin; histone-RFP;480 seconds total time(Ingrid Brust-Mascher)
Mitosis in Drosophila Embryos.
MOTOR PROTEINS AND MICROTUBULE-BASED MACHINES.
Mechanism of Mitosis.
Metaphase
Anaphase A
Anaphase B
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells.